WK4 ANSWERS

Objectives:
● Understand membrane structure and function, including membrane proteins
● Understand modes of movement of molecules across the plasma membrane
● Identify the key steps in spermatogenesis and oogenesis
● Describe the early steps in human development
● Describe the defining properties of a stem cell

MCQ:
1) Which of the following is correct regarding transport?
a) Facilitated diffusion requires ATP
b) Symports transport molecules in one direction
c) The Na/K ATPase actively transports sodium into the cell
d) Osmosis is the movement of water from high to low solute concentration

2) Identify the correct statement about plasma membranes

a) Phospholipid ‘flip-flop’ occurs more often than lateral movement
b) Extrinsic proteins are embedded in the membrane
c) During osmosis, water diffuses straight through the phospholipid bilayer
d) Electrogenic pumps generate voltage and concentration gradients

3) What is ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection)?

a) Injecting sperm with serum to increase motility
b) Form of IVF to treat female infertility
c) Injecting multiple sperm into a mature egg
d) Injecting a single sperm into a mature egg

4) During which phase of meiosis are sister chromatids pulled apart to opposite poles?
a) Telophase I
b) Anaphase II
c) Metaphase I
d) Prophase II

5) When is meiosis arrested in oogenesis?

a) At prophase 1 and metaphase 2
b) Only at anaphase 1
c) At metaphase 1 and anaphase 2
d) Only at metaphase 1

6) Which of the following is not derived from the mesoderm?

a. Muscle
 b. Heart vessels
c. Kidneys
d. Skin

7) Which of the following is an example of a pluripotent cell population?

a. Embryonic stem cells
b. Endodermal cells
c. Spermatogonia
d. All of the above

8) The image depicts a photograph of a human embryo at blastocyst stage just prior to
implantation. The cellular structure indicated by the arrow is?
a. The polar body
b. The trophectoderm
c. The blastocoel
d. The inner cell mass

Short Answer:
1) What are the 4 ways membrane proteins can be regulated?

2) Draw the fluid mosaic model of a membrane and label/describe as many components as you
know can be found here

3) Fill in the following table

Diffusion Facilitated Active Transport Endo/Exocytosis
Diffusion

Energy
requirement

Molecules
undergoing
transport

Description of
transport
process

4) lllustrate how the Na/K co-transport system works

5) Using a flowchart, illustrate the key steps in the spermatogenesis. Include the state of each
cell (haploid/diploid) and key stages and terms (eg. spermatid, primary spermatocyte etc.
 6) Using a flowchart, illustrate the key steps in the oogenesis. Include the state of each cell
(haploid/diploid) and key stages and terms (eg. secondary oocyte, polar body etc.)

7) Create a diagram of the blastocyst and label the different cell types present.

8) Define gastrulation and name the 3 embryonic germ layers and the tissues derived from
them.

9) Define the terms pluripotent and multipotent. Provide an example of a stem cell type that
has these properties.

10) Fill in the table comparing embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Discussion ES Cells iPS Cells
Points
How are they
derived?

Properties/P
otency
Potential
uses

Advantage

Extension:
1) Define and draw examples of intrinsic, extrinsic and membrane anchored proteins
2) Describe 4 methods in which membrane protein activity is regulated and give examples of
tissues in which these methods would occur
3) Create a diagram that illustrates how iPS cells are derived.