BMS1021 – PASS Mid Semester Revision Session BMS1021 – PASS Mid Semester Revision Session

d) 3 Phosphate groups, α-D-ribose, Thymidine

1) True/False: Water can covalently bond with up to 4 other water molecules
11) What is the method by which DNA strands bind with each other?
a) True
a) Covalent Bonding.
b) False
b) Ionic Interaction.
2) An “amphipathic” molecule is one that …
c) Van der Wal’s Interactions.
a) Does not dissolve in water
d) Hydrogen Bonding.
b) Has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions
12) Consider the following and pick the correct option.
c) Requires a large amount of energy to start a reaction
Hint: Oleic acid [C18H34O2], Palmitic acid [C16H32O2]
d) Can accept protons
Phospholipid bilayer A: Fatty acid tail composition of 1/3 oleic acid and 2/3 palmitic acid
3) Which of the following is a property of water?
Phospholipid bilayer B: Fatty acid tail composition of 2/3 oleic acid and 1/3 palmitic acid
a) Low level of cohesion
Phospholipid bilayer C: Fatty acid tail composition of 3/4 oleic acid and 1/4 palmitic acid
b) Less dense than ice
Phospholipid bilayer D: Fatty acid tail composition of 1/4 oleic acid and 3/4 palmitic acid
c) Non-polar
The order of the bilayers from highest to lowest fluidity is:
d) High specific heat capacity
a) D>A>B>C
4) How many residues do α-helices have per turn?
b) C>B>A>D
a) 2.5
c) A>B>C>D
b) 3
d) B>C>A>D
c) 17
13) Which of the following defines the lower limit of a cell?
d) 3.6
a) Small enough to provide an adequate surface area for diffusion
5) Which of the following are monomers? (There may be more than one correct answer)
b) Small enough to ensure a small SA : V ratio
a) Alanine
c) Large enough to contain vital cellular components
b) Fructose
d) Large enough to provide an adequate surface area for diffusion
c) Sucrose
14) Which of the following is not an essential requirement of a cell?
d) Starch
a) Genetic material
6) This reaction to the right is a _______ forming/breaking a ______ bond
b) Ribosomes
a) Endothermic/exothermic, glycosidic
c) Specialised organelles
b) Condensation/dehydration, peptide
d) Enclosing semi-permeable membrane
c) Condensation/dehydration, glycosidic
15) The endomembrane system includes:
d) Endothermic/exothermic, peptide
a) Nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria
7) What bonds do water molecules make with one another?
b) Lysosomes, plasma membrane, vesicles
a) Close bonds
c) Vacuoles, peroxisomes, lysosomes
b) Covalent bonds
d) Mitochondria, chloroplasts, peroxisomes
c) Hydrogen bonds
16) Which of the following statements regarding the cytoskeleton is correct?
d) Ionic bonds
a) Microfilaments are an important component of cilia and flagella that enable movement
8) Which option about water is not true?
b) The polymer of microfilaments is actin
a) Large bodies of water act as energy sinks and can help moderate climate
c) Microtubule motor proteins move vesicles from the Golgi to the ER by hydrolysing ATP
b) Water has a relatively high specific heat capacity
d) Intermediate filaments are not involved in the process of mitosis
c) Water is a principal solvent, meaning that hydrophobic molecules dissolve easily in water
17) Which of the following is correct regarding transport?
d) Water has a latent heat of roughly 2200kJ/kg
a) Facilitated diffusion requires ATP
9) What happens when an enzyme is put in a pH level that is higher than its optimal level?
b) Symports transport molecules in one direction
a) It works more efficiently
c) The Na/K ATPase actively transports sodium into the cell
b) It most definitely denatures
d) Osmosis is the movement of water from high to low solute concentration
c) It works less efficiently
18) Identify the correct statement about plasma membranes
d) It works the same
a) Phospholipid ‘flip-flop’ occurs more often than lateral movement
10) Which of the following constitutes a nucleotide?
b) Extrinsic proteins are embedded in the membrane
a) 3 Phosphate groups, 2-Deoxy-α-D-ribose, Adenine.
c) During osmosis, water diffuses straight through the phospholipid bilayer
b) 1 Phosphate group, α-D-ribose, Uracil
d) Electrogenic pumps generate voltage and concentration gradients
c) 1 Phosphate groups, 2-Deoxy-α-D-ribose, Guanine

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 BMS1021 – PASS Mid Semester Revision Session BMS1021 – PASS Mid Semester Revision Session

19) What is ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection)? 28) What results when transplantation of leg bud mesoderm is transferred to the wing bud in Chick
a) Injecting sperm with serum to increase motility embryos?
b) Form of IVF to treat female infertility a) The wing will become chimeric for wing base but leg tip
c) Injecting multiple sperm into a mature egg b) The limb will fail to grow and the animal will lack a wing here
d) Injecting a single sperm into a mature egg c) A leg will form where the wing should be
20) During which phase of meiosis are sister chromatids pulled apart to opposite poles? d) The wing will mirror duplicate itself
a) Telophase I 29) Which of the following does not influence the effect of a teratogen?
b) Anaphase II a) Developmental stage at time of exposure
c) Metaphase I b) Genotype of the mother and the foetus
d) Prophase II c) Dose and duration
21) When is meiosis arrested in oogenesis? d) Time of the day
a) At prophase 1 and metaphase 2 30) Which of the following is correct about Down Syndrome?
b) Only at anaphase 1 a) It is due to monosomy 21
c) At metaphase 1 and anaphase 2 b) It is due to non-disjunction during mitosis
d) Only at metaphase 1 c) It leads to the over-expression chromosome 21
22) Which of the following is not derived from the mesoderm? d) It does not affect the phenotype
a) Muscle 31) Which option correctly matches the teratogen with its effect?
b) Heart vessels a) Xenoestrogens → 'DES daughters'
c) Kidneys b) Thalidomide → Amelia
d) Skin c) Alcohol → impaired testis function
23) Which of the following is an example of a pluripotent cell population? d) Diethylstilbestrol → FAS
a) Embryonic stem cells 32) During which stage does somitogenesis occur?
b) Endodermal cells a) Gastrulation
c) Spermatogonia b) Pattern formation
d) All of the above c) Morphogenesis
24) The image depicts a photograph of a human embryo at blastocyst stage just prior to d) Cell differentiation
implantation. The cellular structure indicated by the arrow is? 33) Which of the following is true about homeobox genes?
a) The polar body a) They exist only in Drosophila melanogaster.
b) The trophectoderm b) They lay the pattern for dorsal-ventral segments.
c) The blastocoel c) The genes are expressed in overlapping areas.
d) The inner cell mass d) A single cluster of homeobox genes is found in mammals.
25) What is the name given to the group of transcription factors giving positional information to an 34) Which of the following is false regarding the basal lamina
organism during its development? a) It contains collagen and laminin
a) Hox genes b) Healthy epithelial cells are continuously crossing it
b) Homeobox genes c) It is used for cell orientation and cell adhesion
c) Homeodomains d) Also called basement membrane
d) Somites 35) The following image would be classified as …
26) What results from a mutation to a Hox gene? a) Simple columnar epithelium
a) Homeotic transformation b) Stratified columnar epithelium
b) Mirror duplication of a limb c) Transitional epithelium
c) Fusion of limbs as they are growing out d) Pseudostratified epithelium
d) Failure for a limb to grow 36) The dermis is considered …
27) Which of the following is not a basic stage of development? a) Simple squamous epithelium
a) Gastrulation b) Loose connective tissue
b) Limb Growth c) Dense irregular connective tissue
c) Morphogenesis d) Smooth muscle
d) Cleavage 37) Which of the following can be described as having a glass bead like appearance?

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 BMS1021 – PASS Mid Semester Revision Session BMS1021 – PASS Mid Semester Revision Session

a) Chondrocytes c) Catabolism = unchanged Gibb’s Free Energy

b) Hyaline cartilage d) Anabolism = increased Gibb’s Free Energy
c) Both a and b 47) Why are oxidation and reduction reactions often paired in biological systems?
d) Neither a nor b a) Every anabolic reaction must be paired with a catabolic reaction to abide by the preservation
38) Collagen: of mass
a) Is produced by fibroblasts b) Oxidation and reduction reactions are not often paired in biological systems
b) Is strong and inelastic c) It allows the transfer of energy by chemical means as to prevent the loss of energy in a
c) Is found in the skin and bone biological system
d) All of the above d) Because the hydrogens added in oxidation are taken from the hydrogens released in
39) Which specialisation is NOT found at the lateral surface of epithelial cells? reduction
a) Tight junctions 48) What are the products of Glycolysis?
b) Zonula adherens a) 2 Pyruvate, 2 ATP, and 2 NADH
c) Hemidesmosomes b) 2 Pyruvate, 4 ATP, and 2 NADH
d) Gap functions c) 1 Pyruvate, 2 ATP, and 2 NADPH
40) The epimysium surrounds … d) 2 Ethanol, 2 ATP, and 2 NADH
a) Individual muscle fibres 49) By which process is ATP generated in the Kreb’s Cycle?
b) Bundles of muscle fibres (fascicles) a) Oxidation
c) Entire muscle b) Reduction
d) The ER c) Substrate Level Phosphorylation
41) Which of the following is true of smooth muscle? d) Catabolism
a) Contains multiple peripheral nuclei 50) Which of the following is correct?
b) Contains striations a) Anabolism is the synthesis of complex molecules and an example is gluconeogenesis.
c) Cells are branched b) Catabolism is the breakdown of foods and an example is photosynthesis.
d) Cells have a fusiform shape c) Catabolism works towards storing energy in the form of complex molecules.
42) Identify the option that is not a characteristic of epithelium d) Anabolism works towards releasing energy from molecules
a) Vascular 51) Which of the following is incorrect?
b) Polarised/oriented a) Exothermic reactions are associated with catabolism.
c) Little space between cells b) Endothermic reactions are associated with anabolism.
d) Strong attachments between cells c) Negative ΔG values are associated with exergonic reactions.
43) Myelin sheaths: d) Glycolysis would be expected to have a positive ΔG value.
a) Increase nerve transmission 52) Choose the correct statement.
b) Stop nerve impulses a) ADP is the major intracellular currency for energy exchange.
c) Are found on dendrites b) Hydrolysis of ATP is an endergonic reaction.
d) Are made entirely of protein c) Oxidation involves the removal of electrons and hydrogen.
44) An afferent neuron can: d) Reduction involves the addition of oxygen.
a) Carry messages from the brain to the arm 53) Choose the incorrect statement about glycolysis.
b) Carry messages from the brain to the pituitary gland a) The first 5 reactions are priming reactions.
c) Carry messages from the skin to the brain b) The end-product is 1 pyruvate molecule.
d) Carry messages from the brain to the leg c) It takes place in the cytoplasm.
45) Myelin is generated in the CNS by which cell type(s)? d) The net energy output is 2 ATP and 2 NADH molecules.
a) Microglial cell 54) Which of the statements about the fates of pyruvate in humans is true?
b) Astrocyte a) In the absence of oxygen, it enters the Krebs cycle.
c) Schwann cell b) In anaerobic conditions, it can undergo alcohol fermentation.
d) Oligodendrocyte c) For each pyruvate, only 1 ATP and 1 NADH is produced.
46) Which of the following correctly correlates process with change in energy state? d) The citric acid cycle cannot function without NAD+.
a) Catabolism = decrease in Gibb’s Free Energy 55) Which of the statements about the electron transport chain is false?
b) Anabolism = decrease in Gibb’s Free Energy a) It involves the oxidation of NAD+ and FADH.

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 BMS1021 – PASS Mid Semester Revision Session

b) The build-up of hydrogen ions in the cristae create a proton gradient.

c) The proton motive force drives chemiosmosis.
d) The ATP synthase complex phosphorylates ADP to ATP
56) Which of the options about the reaction type and activation energy
(EA) matches the diagram above?
a) Exothermic reaction; E = EA
b) Endothermic reaction; B = EA
c) Exothermic reaction; B = EA
d) Endothermic reaction; E = EA
57) The main mechanism by which biological systems prevent
equilibrium being reached in reactions is by:
a) The products of one reaction become the substrate for the next reaction in sequential
process.
b) Enzymes only act in one direction and therefore prevent the product reverting back into the
substrate.
c) All reactions have a high + enthalpy requirement, thus preventing them from occurring.
d) The cells remove the byproducts by simple diffusion immediately to prevent the reaction
from reverting.
58) The main mechanism by which enzymes allow reactions to proceed more easily is:
a) To prevent products from meeting.
b) To decrease the activation energy of the reaction by heating up the system.
c) To decrease the activation energy of the reaction by lowering the energy required to reach
the active state.
d) By changing their structure away from the active site to induce bond breaking.
59) Which of the following is correct in regards to enzyme regulation:
a) Increasing the pH maintains enzyme activity, but decreasing the pH reduces enzyme activity.
b) Binding of a competitive inhibitor to the allosteric regulatory site will reduce enzyme activity.
c) Increasing the temperature of the system will reduce the enzyme activity.
d) Increase in the concentration of the enzyme by gene upregulation will result in a slower
metabolic rate.

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