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Dr-Seifu-Bekele ACSEVSeminar2013 Presentation PDF
Dr-Seifu-Bekele ACSEVSeminar2013 Presentation PDF
Wind Engineering
• Introduction
• AS/NZS 1170.2:2011
• AS 4055 - 2012
• Conclusion
Introduction
The history of wind and its effect on mankind is as old as the history of mankind.
Wind Source of Energy
– ``
• Empirical Formulas
Scope
• Site wind speed, wind load
Limitation
• Not to buildings subjected to wind action of tornadoes
• Less than 200m high
• Structures other than offshore structures, bridges and transmission
towers
AS/ NZS 1170.2:2011
NOTES:
1) The peak gust has an equivalent moving average time of approximately 0.2 seconds
2) Values for V1 have not been calculated by the formula for VR
3) For ultimate or serviceability limit states, refer to the Building Code of Australia or AS/NZS 1170.0
for information on values of annual probability of exceedance appropriate for the design of structures
AS/ NZS 1170.2:2011
AS/ NZS 1170.2:2011
AS/ NZS 1170.2:2011
TABLE 4.1
TERRAIN/HEIGHT MULTIPLIERS FOR GUST WIND SPEEDS
IN FULLY DEVELOPED TERRAINS—ALL REGIONS
NOTE: For intermediate values of height z and terrain category, use linear
interpolation.
AS/ NZS 1170.2:2011
NE
NW SW
Vsit,β=VRMd (Mz,catMsMt)
• VR = 39 m/s for 50 year wind, imp. Level 1 (25 year life time)
• Md = 1.0 (N (1.0), NW (0.95), W (1.0))
• Mz,cat = 0.83 (Cat 3, < 3m)
• Ms = 1.0 (No shielding)
• Mt = 1.0 (No topographic effect, flat land)
• Vsit,Nw = 39 x 1.0 x 0.83 x 1.0 x 1.0 = 32.4 m/s
AS/ NZS 1170.2:2011
Example Free Standing Wall
- Let the wall be in Melbourne with the orientation as shown
- Height 2m
b = 20m c/h = 1
c = h = 2m b/c = 10
Cfig = Cp,nKp . . . D2
where
Cp,n = net pressure coefficient acting normal to the surface, obtained from
Table D2 using the dimensions defined in Figure D1
Kp = net porosity factor, as given in Paragraph D1.4
Cp.n = 1.7 – 0.5(c/h) = 1.7 – 0.5 x 1.0 = 1.2 (wind normal)
Kp = 1.0 (Solid wall, no porosity)
Cfig = 1.2 x 1.0 = 1.2
p = (0.5 ρair)[Vdes,θ]2 Cfig Cdyn
Cp.n = 1.7 – 0.5(c/h) = 1.7 – 0.5 x 1.0 = 1.2 (wind normal)
P = 0.5 x 1.2 x 32.42 x 1.2 x 1.0 = 755.83 Pa = 0.8 kPa
AS/ NZS 1170.2:2011
AS/ NZS 1170.2:2011
AS 4055-2012
Scope
• Site wind speed, wind load
Limitation
• Total height (ground to roof top) less than 8.5m
• Width including verandas less than 16.0 m
• Length shall not exceed five time the width (80.0 m)
• Roof pitch not exceeding 35o
AS 4055-2012
Wind Region
Region A, B, C & D
AS 4055-2012 (Topographic Class)
AS 4055-2012 (Shielding Class)
• In Region A & B, trees and group of trees similar area to the house may be
considered as shielding element
3) No shielding (NS)
• No permanent obstructions
• Less than 2.5 houses per hectare, row of houses or single houses
AS 4055-2012 (Wind Classification)
AS 4055-2012 (Design Wind Speed)
AS 4055-2012 (Calculation of Pressures)
AS 4055-2012 (Pressure Coefficients)
AS 4055-2012 (Pressure Coefficients)
AS 4055-2012 (Pressure Coefficients)
AS 4055-2012 Pressures & Forces
Calculation of Pressures
Calculation of Forces
• Force = pressure x Area
• Uplift force = uplift pressure x Area of the roof
• Racking force = area of elevation x Lateral wind pressure
• Cladding Pressures
• Topographic Studies
• Façade Rig
• Measurement Tools
– Flow Measurement (Pitot tube & Hotwire, Cobra probe)
• Computer Modelling
Vipac Wind Tunnel Study
Quality Assurance
Conclusion
• A Wind Tunnel Study is:
• Reliable
• Economical
• Time Efficient (Few Weeks)
Wind Engineering
Thank You
Dr. Seifu Bekele