Assignment 3

METROLOGY & MEASRUMENT

Time Allotted: 3 Hours Full Marks: 70

The figures in the margin indicate full marks.

Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable

GROUP – A
(Multiple Choice Type Questions)

1. Choose the correct alternatives for the following :

10 × 1 = 10

i. A null type of instrument as compared to a deflection type instrument has

a) a higher accuracy
b) a lower sensitivity
c) a faster response
d) all of these

ii. Gauge blocks are used to measure of length

a) greater than 200 mm;
b) greater than 1 m;
c) less than 200 mm;
d) less than 1 m;

iii. Sine bar should not be

a) Used for measurement of an angle greater than 45°;
b) Used for measurement of an angle less than 45°;
c) Used for measurement of an angle greater than 45° and if at all they have to be used, the sine bar
should measure the complement of the angle
d) None of these;

iv. Mechanical comparator have a magnification factor greater than

a) 10:1;
b) 100:1;
c) 1000:1;
d) 10,000:1.

v. Length standards in the form of blocks or bars, with two faces or ends which are at a defined distance
apart are called:
a) End standards;
b) Line standards;
c) Comparators;
d) Gauges.

vi. Two slip gauges in precision measurement are joined by:

a) Assembling;
b) Sliding;
c) Adhesion;
d) Wringing.
vii. The maximum amount by which the result differs from the true value is called:
a) Correction;
b) Error;
c) Discrepancy
d) Accuracy.

viii. In limits and fits, the term ‘Allowance’ usually refers to

a) Difference between maximum size and minimum size of the shaft;
b) Difference between maximum size and minimum size of the hole;
c) Maximum clearance between shaft and hole;
d) Minimum clearance between shaft and hole;
e) None of them.

ix. Superfine resolution devices for measurement of length include:

a) Telescopic gauges;
b) Interferometers used with special light sources;
c) Vernier caliper;
d) Pneumatic comparator

x. Bevel protector is used for

a) Angular measurement;
b) Linear measurement;
c) Height Measurement;
d) Flatness measurement.

GROUP – B
(Short Answer Type Questions)

Answer any THREE questions from the following. 3 × 5 = 15

2. Define Metrology and its objectives. (2+3)

3. Compute the slip gauge block combinations to build the following dimensions:

i) 27.09, ii) 153.375 (2+3)

The slip gauge set M 38 consists of the following:

Range (mm) Steps (mm) Pieces

1.005 01
1.01 - 1.09 0.01 09
1.1 - 1.9 0.1 09
1.0 - 9.0 1.0 09
10.0 – 100.0 10.0 10

4. Explain different types of errors in measurement with examples. (5)

5. Define any two of the following:
a) Accuracy, b) Precision, c) Repeatability, d) Optical flat (2.5 x 2)
6. What are the various modes of classifying measuring instruments? (5)
 Give examples in each case.
GROUP – C
(Long Answer Type Questions)

Answer any THREE questions from the following. 3 × 15 = 45

7. i) Explain Taylor’s principle of “design of gauges”. (3)

ii) Determine the GO and NOGO dimensions of plug and ring gauges to control the production of 90 mm
shaft and hole pairs of H8/e9 fit as per I.S.
Given that:
a) 90 mm falls in the diameter step of 80 and 100 mm.
b) Fundamental deviation of ‘e’ type shaft = - 1.1D0.45 microns, where D is the geometric mean of
diameter steps in mm.
c) IT 6 =10i
d) Above IT6 grade the tolerance magnitude is multiplied by 10 at each 5th step.
e) Wear allowance on gauge = 10% of gauge tolerance. (6+6)

8. a) What is the difference between primary texture and secondary texture?

b) Describe the various methods of measuring surface roughness.
c) In the measurement of surface roughness heights of 25 successive peaks and troughs were measured
from the datum and were 35, 25, 35, 35, 40, 22, 35, 18, 42, 25, 35, 22, 36, 18, 42, 22, 32, 21, 37, 18, 35,
20, 32, 18 and 40. If the sampling length is 25 mm determine C.L.A. and R.M.S. value. (8 + 7)

9. a) Explain with neat sketches the construction and principle of working of a LVDT.
b) The output of a LVDT is connected to a 4V voltmeter through an amplifier whose amplification factor
is 500. An output of 1·8 mV appears across the terminals of LVDT, when the core moves through a
distance of 0·6 mm, if the milli-voltmeter scale has 100 divisions and the scale can be read up to ¼ of
division, calculate
i) the sensitivity of LVDT
ii) the resolution of the instrument in mm. (8+3+4)

10. Write short notes on: (any three)

(3 x 5)
a) Measurement of level using “spirit level”;
b) Flatness using “straight edge”;
c) Taylor-Hobbson Talysurf;
d) Orifice meter;
e) Working principle of back pressure Bourdon gauge pneumatic comparator;

11. i) State the principles of interference of light. Also describe how this principle has been adopted for
checking flatness of any object. What are the specifications of an optical flat? (3+4+2)

ii) Differentiate between (any two): (3 x 2)

a) Tolerance and allowance;

b) “Hole Basis System” and “Shaft Basis System”;
c) “Upper Deviation” and “Lower deviation”;
d) Precision and Accuracy.