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Conducting research can be daunting.

There are a few distinctions that can help make it easier.

First and foremost, research can be either

primary or secondary.

Primary research generally involves gathering

data directly from research subjects and requires

ethical approval.

Secondary research involves gathering data

that already exists. Because secondary research

does not include talking directly with human

subjects, or generating new data, it does not

need ethical approval. In secondary research,

you use findings of other researchers and

authors.

A systematic literature review is one of many

research methodologies that can be used to

conduct secondary research.

A systematic literature review is different

than a literature review.

A literature review provides a high level

summary of the literature in the fields connected

to your proposed topic of research. It is

a general synthesis of what has been done

in the research area, by whom, highlights

what past research tells us about the topic,

and identifies gaps and tensions in the field.

A systematic literature review begins with

an intentional and purposeful selection of

data that will be included in the research

study. This includes:

- identifying types of information that will

be included in the review, such as

policy documents, journal articles, book chapters,

blogs, and so on

- criteria used to ensure inclusion of potential

pieces of work, such as the scope
of the review; types of data to be included;
and search terms for identifying types of information

- and any other specifications, such as language

of the information.

Once you have identified the works that will

be analyzed, you need to do a deep and thorough

read to extract key information and themes

from each piece.

A coding guide will help you discern which

pieces of work you will use in your systematic

literature review. Be sure to note why you

have excluded a piece and how the ones you

have included meet the selection criteria.

In the analysis phase, categorizing your findings

and looking for commonalities and areas of

difference is useful. When you report on your

findings you want to identify what themes

emerged.

The final step of a systematic literature

review is to interpret your findings and bring

them back to your research question – what

do they tell us about this topic? Are there

gaps in the research? Are there contradictions

in your findings? How do these findings inform

a response to your research question? What

recommendations can you offer? Is there a

need for further research? Were there best

practices identified that you can highlight?

The reader should be able to understand what

you did, how you did it, and the sense that

you made of the findings as they relate to

the research question you were investigating.