COURSE TITLE

MECHANICAL OPERARTIONS

(MO)

(COURSE CODE: 3330502)

Semester : 3rd Sem Chemical

Prepared By:
Mrs. Bhumika Bhavin Makwana
Lecturer Chemical, GES Cass II,
Chemical Engineering Department
Shri K. J. Polytechnic, Bharuch

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Reference Books:

MO Syllabus Link

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 OVERVIEW

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 Unit Operation and Unit Process
Unit Operations: In unit operations only physical change takes place and no
chemical change takes place or we can say no chemical reaction takes place.

Examples:
Evaporation, Distillation, Liquid-liquid extraction, Drying, Size reduction,
Crystallization are the examples of unit operations.
In these operations only physical change takes place like phase will be change
or two or more substances are separated from each other or particle size will
reduce. Their chemical structure is same as before when they were sent for
operation.

Unit process: In unit process only chemical reaction takes place.

Examples: Nitration, sulfonation, oxidation, Chlorination, Hydrogenation

reduction of any compound.

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 Industrial Chemical Process
Every industrial chemical process is based on Unit Operations (physical treatment)
and Unit Process (chemical treatment) to produce economically a desired product
from specific raw materials. The raw materials are treated through physical steps to
make it suitable for chemical reaction

Unit Operations

Depending on the transferred properties, foods undergo transformation due to mass,

energy or velocity differences. So, the unit operations are also grouped into following
categories.
Fluid flow processes (FFO): fluidization, filtration, sedimentation, liquid transportation
etc.
Mechanical processes (MO): crushing, pulverization, solid transportation, sieving etc.
Heat transfer processes (HTO): evaporation, drying, concentration etc.
Mass transfer processes (MTO): absorption, distillation, adsorption, Drying, extraction
etc.
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Unit Operations in Chemical Process
Industries

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Unit Processes in Chemical Process
Industries

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 Examples of physical processes

1) Sugar Manufacture:
Sugar cane crushing → sugar extraction → thickening of syrup →evaporation of
water → sugar crystallization → filtration →drying →screening →packing

2) Salt Manufacture:
Brine transportation → evaporation → crystallization →drying → screening →
conveying → packaging.

3) Pharmaceutical Manufacture:
Formulation of chemicals, mixing, granulation → drying of granules→ screening
→ pressing tablet → packaging

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References:
1. K. A. Gavhane, Unit Operations –I , (Fluid flow and Mechanical Operations),
Nirali Prakashan.
2. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/

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