METODE KOMPUTASI

(Ruang Vektor)

Oleh :
Nama : Muhammad Afdal
Kelas : D4 TKJ 2A
Nim : 42519014

PROGRAM STUDI D4 TEKNIK KOMPUTER DAN JARINGAN

POLITEKNIK NEGERI UJUNG PANDANG
2020
 6 3
1. Nyatakanlah matriks [ ]
0 8
Sebagai kombinasi linear dari matriks berikut :

1 2 0 1 4 −2
[ ], [ ], dan [ ]
−1 3 2 4 0 −2

Jawab :

1 2 0 1 4 −2 6 3
k1[ ] + k2[ ] + k3[ ]=[ ]
−1 3 2 4 0 −2 0 8

𝑘2 ] [4𝑘3 −2𝑘3] [6 3]
[ 𝑘1 2𝑘1] + [ 0 + =
−𝑘1 3𝑘1 2𝑘2 4𝑘2 0 −2𝑘3 0 8

𝑘1 + 0 + 4𝑘3 2𝑘1 + 𝑘2 − 2𝑘3 6 3

[ ]=[ ]
−𝑘1 + 2𝑘2 + 0 3𝑘1 + 4𝑘2 − 2𝑘3 0 8

1 0 4 6
𝑘1
2 1 −2 3
[ ] [𝑘2] = [ ]
−1 2 0 0
𝑘3
3 4 −2 8

1 0 4 |6
2 1 −2 | 3
[ ]
−1 2 0 | 0
3 4 −2 | 8
B2-2B1
2-(2.1) = 0
1-(2.0) = 1
-2-(2.4) = -10
3-(2.6) = -9
 1 0 4 |6
0 1 −10 |−9
[ ]
−1 2 0 | 0
3 4 −2 | 8
B3+B1
-1+1 = 0
2+0 = 2
0+4 = 4
0+6 = 6

10 4 |6
0 1 −10 |−9
[ ]
02 4 | 6
3 4 −2 | 8
B4-B1
3-(3.1) = 0
4-(3.0) = 4
-2-(3.4) = -14
8-(3.6) = -10

10 4 | 6
0 1 −10 | −9
[ ]
02 4 | 6
0 4 −14 |−10
B4-B1
3-(3.1) = 0
4-(3.0) = 4
-2-(3.4) = -14
8-(3.6) = -10
 10 4 | 6
0 1 −10 | −9
[ ]
02 4 | 6
0 4 −14 |−10
B4-2B3
0-(2.0) = 0
4-(2.2) = 0
-14-(2.4) = -22
-10-(2.6) = -22

10 4 | 6
0 1 −10 | −9
[ ]
02 4 | 6
0 0 −22 |−22
B3-2B2
0-(2.0) = 0
2-(2.1) = 0
4-(2.-10) = 24
6-(2-9) = 24

10 4 | 6
0 1 −10 | −9
[ ]
0 0 24 | 24
0 0 −22 |−22
B3-2B2
0-(2.0) = 0
2-(2.1) = 0
4-(2.-10) = 24
6-(2-9) = 24
 10 4 | 6
0 1 −10 | −9
[ ]
0 0 24 | 24
0 0 −22 |−22
B3/24
0/24 = 0
0/24 = 0
24/24 = 1
24/24 = 1

10 4 | 6
0 1 −10 | −9
[ ]
00 1 | 1
0 0 −22 |−22
B4+22B3
0+(22.0) = 0
0+(22.0) = 0
-22+(22.1) = 0
-22+(22.1) = 0

10 4 |6
0 1 −10 |−9
[ ] Dapat dilihat bahwa hasil dari sistem persamaan linearnya tidak
00 1 | 1
00 0 | 0
6 3 1 2 0 1
berubah, maka [ ] merupakan kombinasi linear dari matriks [ ], [ ],
0 8 −1 3 2 4
4 −2
dan [ ]
0 −2
2. Periksa, apakah himpunan berikut bebas linear !
a. {6 – x2, 6 + x + 4x2}
b. {1 + 3x + 3x2, x + 4x2, 5 + 6x + 3x2, 7 + 2x – x2}
Jawab :
6 6 0
a. k1[ 0 + k2[1 = 0]
] ] [
−1 4 0

6 6 0
[ 0 1 ] [𝑘1] = [0]
𝑘2
−1 4 0

6 6 |0
[ 0 1 | 0]
−1 4 | 0
B1/6
6/6 = 1
6/6 = 1
0/6 = 0

1 1 |0
[ 0 1 | 0]
−1 4 | 0
B3+B1
-1+1 = 0
4+1 = 5
0+0 = 0
 1 1 |0
[ 0 1 | 0]
0 5 |0
B3-5B2
0-(5.0) = 0
5-(5.1) = 0
0-(5.0) = 0

1 1 |0
[ 0 1 | 0]
0 0 |0
B1-B2
1-0 = 1
1-1 = 0
0-0 = 0

1 0 |0
[ 0 1 | 0] Dengan demikian diperoleh solusi tunggal yaitu k1 = 0, dan k2 = 0.
0 0 |0
Berarti himpunan tersebut saling bebas linear
1 0 5 7 0
b. k1[3] + k2[1] + k3[6] + k4[ 2 ] = [0]
3 4 3 −1 0

𝑘1
1 0 5 7 0
[ 3 1 6 2 ] [𝑘2] = [0]
𝑘3
3 4 3 −1 0
𝑘4
 1 0 5 7 |0
[ 3 1 6 2 |0 ]
3 4 3 −1 |0
B2-3B1
3-(3.1) = 0
1-(3.0) = 1
6-(3.5) = -9
2-(3.7) = -19
0-(3.0) = 0

1 0 5 7 |0
[ 0 1 −9 −19 |0]
3 4 3 −1 |0
B3-3B1
3-(3.1) = 0
4-(3.0) = 4
3-(3.5) = -12
-1-(3.7) = -22
0-(3.0) = 0

1 0 5 7 |0
[ 0 1 −9 −19 |0]
0 4 −12 −22 |0
B3-4B2
0-(4.0) = 0
4-(4.1) = 0
-12-(4.-9) = 24
-22-(4.-19) = 54
0-(4.0) = 0
 1 0 5 7 |0
[ 0 1 −9 −19 |0]
0 0 24 54 |0
B3/24
0/24 = 0
0/24 = 0
24/24 = 1
54/24 = 54/24 dapat disederhanakan menjadi 9/4
0/24 = 0

1 0 5 7 |0
[ 0 1 −9 −19 |0]
0 0 1 9/4 |0
B1-5B3
1-(5.0) = 1
0-(5.0) = 0
5-(5.1) = 0
7-(5.9/4) = 17/4
0-(5.0) = 0

1 0 0 17/4 |0
[ 0 1 −9 −19 |0]
0 0 1 9/4 |0
B2-9B3
0+(9.0) = 0
1+(9.0) = 1
-9+(9.1) = 0
-19+(9.9/4) = 5/4
0+(9.0) = 0
 1 0 0 17/4 |0
[ 0 1 0 5/4 |0] Tidak saling bebas linear
0 0 1 9/4 |0

3. Periksa, apakah himpunan A = {6 – x2, 6 + x + 4x2} membangun polinom orde 2!

6 6 𝑎
k1[ 0 ] + k2[1] = [𝑏 ]
−1 4 𝑐

6 6 𝑎
[ 0 1 ] [𝑘1] = [𝑏 ]
𝑘2 𝑐
−1 4

6 6 |𝑎
[ 0 1 | 𝑏]
−1 4 | 𝑐
B1/6
6/6 = 1
6/6 = 1
a/6 = a/6

1 1 | 𝑎/6
[ 0 1 | 𝑏 ]
−1 4 | 𝑐
B3+B1
-1+1 = 0
4+1 = 5
c+a/6 = c+a/6
 1 1 | 𝑎/6
[0 1 | 𝑏 ]
0 5 | 𝑐 + 𝑎/6
B3-5B2
0-(5.0) = 0
5-(5.1) = 0
c+a/6-(5.b) = c+a/6-5b

1 1 | 𝑎/6
[0 1 | 𝑏 ] Himpunan A tidak membangun polinom orde 2, karena
0 0 | c + a/6 − 5b
solusi persamaan linearnya tidak konsisten
4. Periksa, apakah himpunan berikut merupakan basis bagi polinom orde 2 (P2)
a. {4 + 6x + x2, – 1 + 4x + 2x2, 5 + 2x – x2}
b. {– 4 + x + 3x2, 6 + 5x + 2x2, 8 + 4x + x2}
Jawab :
4 −1 5 𝑎
a. k1[6] + k2[ 4 ] + k3[ 2 ] = [𝑏]
1 2 −1 𝑐

4 −1 5 𝑘1 𝑎
[ 6 4 2 ] [𝑘2] = [𝑏 ]
1 2 −1 𝑘3 𝑐

4 −1 5
[6 4 2 ]
1 2 −1
B1/4
4/4 = 1
-1/4 = -1/4
5/4 = 5/4
 1 −1/4 5/4
[6 4 2 ]
1 2 −1
B2-6B3
6-(6.1) = 0
4-(6.2) = -8
2-(6.-1) = 8

1 −1/4 5/4
[ 0 −8 8 ]
1 2 −1
B2/-8
0/-8 = 0
-8/-8 = 1
8/-8 = -1

1 −1/4 5/4
[ 0 1 −1 ]
1 2 −1
B3-2B2
1-(2.0) = 1
2-(2.1) = 0
-1-(2.-1) = -3

1 −1/4 5/4
[ 0 1 −1 ]
1 0 −3
B3-B1
1-1 = 0
0-(-1/4) = 1/4
-3-(5/4) = -17/4
 1 −1/4 5/4
[0 1 −1 ]
0 1/4 −17/4
B3-B2/4
0-(0/4) = 0
1/4-(1/4) = 0
-17/4-(-1/4) = 9/2

1 −1/4 5/4
[0 1 −1 ]
0 0 −9/2
B3/-9/2
0/(-9/2) = 0
0/(-9/2) = 0
-9/2/(-9/2) = 1

1 −1/4 5/4
[ 0 1 −1 ] Himpunan tersebut tidak membangun polinom ordo 2, maka
0 0 1
himpunan tersebut bukan basis bagi polinom ordo 2

−4 6 8 𝑎
b. k1[ 1 ] + k2[5] + k3[4] = [𝑏 ]
3 2 1 𝑐

−4 6 8 𝑘1 𝑎
[ 1 5 4] [𝑘2] = [𝑏 ]
3 2 1 𝑘3 𝑐
 −4 6 8
[ 1 5 4]
3 2 1
B1/-4
-4/-4 = 1
6/-4 = 6/-4 disederhanakan -3/2
8/-4 = 8/-4 disederhanakan menjadi -2

1 −3/2 −2
[1 5 4 ]
3 2 1
B2-B1
1-1 = 0
5-(-3/2) = 13/2
4-(-2) = 6

1 −3/2 −2
[ 0 13/2 6 ]
3 2 1
B2/(13/2)
0/(13/2) = 0
13/2/(13/2) 1
6/(13/2) = 12/13

1 −3/2 −2
[ 0 1 12/13]
3 2 1
B3-3B1
3-(3.1) = 0
2-(3.(-3/2)) = 13
1-(3.-2) = 7
 1 −3/2 −2
[ 0 1 12/13]
0 13 7
B3-13B1
0-(13.0) = 0
13-(13.1) = 0
7-(13.7) = -84

1 −3/2 −2
[ 0 1 12/13]
0 0 −84
B3/-84
0/-84 = 0
0/-84 = 0
-84/-84 = 1

1 −3/2 −2
[ 0 1 12/13] Himpunan tersebut tidak membangun polinom ordo 2, maka
0 0 1
himpunan tersebut bukan basis bagi polinom ordo 2

5. Misalkan
J = {a + bx + cx2 | a2 = b2 + c2}
Merupakan himpunan bagian dari ruang vector Polinom orde dua.
Periksa apakah J merupakan subruang
dari ruang vector Polinom orde dua
Jika ya, tentukan basisnya
6. Diberikan SPL homogeny :
p + 2q + 3 r = 0
p + 2q – 3 r = 0
p + 2q + 3 r = 0,
Tentukan basis ruang solusi (buktikan) dan tentukan dimensinya
Jawab :

1 2 3 |0
[ 1 2 −3 | 0]
1 2 3 |0
B2-B1
1-1 = 0
2-2 = 0
-3-3 = -6
0-0 = 0

1 2 3 |0
[ 0 0 −6 | 0]
1 2 3 |0
B3-B1
1-1 = 0
2-2 = 0
3-3 = 0
0-0 = 0

1 2 3 |0
[ 0 0 −6 | 0]
0 0 0 |0
7. Tentukan rank dari matriks :
−1 −2 −1 1
[ 1 2 3 −1]
1 2 2 −1
Jawab :
−1 −2 −1 1
[ 1 2 3 −1]
1 2 2 −1
B1x-1
-1x-1 = 1
-2x-1 = 2
-1x-1 = 1
1x-1 = -1

1 2 1 −1
[ 1 2 3 −1]
1 2 2 −1
B2-B3
1-1 = 0

2-2 = 0
3-2 = 1
-1-(-1) = 0
1 2 1 −1
[0 0 1 0 ]
1 2 2 −1
B3-B1
1-1 = 0
2-2 = 0
2-1 = 1
-1-(-1) = 0
 1 2 1 −1
[0 0 1 0 ]
0 0 1 0
B3-B2
0-0 = 0
0-0 = 0
1-1 = 0
0-0 = 0

1 2 1 −1
[0 0 1 0 ]
0 0 0 0
B1-B2
1-0 = 1
2-0 = 2
1-1 = 0
-1-0 = -1

1 2 0 −1
[ 0 0 1 0 ] Rank dari matriks tersebut adalah = 2
0 0 0 0