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Coordinate Geometry ...
Coordinate Geometry ...
The coordinates of points A, B, C ,D and E are A(2, 3), B(4, 4), C(-3, -1), D(2, -4) and E(1, 0).
Definition
Example 1
Find the gradient of the lines joining
Example 2
(a) The line joining (2, -3) and (k, 5) has a gradient -2. Find k
Exercise 1
1. Find the gradientof the line which passes through the following points ;
2. A line passes through (3, a) and (4, -2), what is the value of a if the slope of the line is 4?
3. The gradient of the linewhich goes through (4,3) and (-5,k) is 2. Find the value of k.
FINDING THE EQUATION OF A STRAIGHT LINE
The equation of a straight line can be determined if one of the following is given:-
Example 3
Find the equation of the line with the following
Solution
EQUATION OF A STRAIGHT LINE IN DIFFERENT FORMS
The equation of a line can be expressed in two forms
Example 4
Find the gradient of the following lines
INTERCEPTS
Therefore
Example 5
Find the y-intercept of the following lines
Example 6
Find the x and y-intercept of the following lines
Exercise 2
Attempt the following Questions.
a. By using intercepts
b. By using the table of values
Example 7
Sketch the graph of Y = 2X - 1
SOLVING SIMULTANEOUS EQUATION BY GRAPHICAL METHOD
Use the intercepts to plot the straight lines of the simultaneous equations
The point where the two lines cross each other is the solution to the simultaneous
equations
Example 8
Solve the following simultaneous equations by graphical method
Exercise 3
1. Draw the line 4x-2y=7 and 3x+y=7 on the same axis and hence determine their intersection
point
2. Find the solutionfor each pair the following simultaneous equations by graphical method;
Example 9
Find the coordinates of the mid-point joining the points (-2,8) and (-4,-2)
Solution
Therefore the coordinates of the midpoint of the line joining the points (-2,8) and (-4, -2) is (-
3,3).
The distance between A and B in terms of x1, y1,x2, and y2can be found as follows:Join AB and
draw doted lines as shown in the figure above.
Then, AC = x2– x1and BC = y2– y1
Since the triangle ABC is a right angled, then by applying Pythagoras theorem to the triangle
ABC we obtain
Therefore the distance is 13 units
Gradients in order to Determine the Conditions for any Two Lines to be Parallel
Compute gradients in order to determine the conditions for any two lines to be parallel
The two lines which never meet when produced infinitely are called parallel lines. See figure
below:
The two parallel lines must have the same slope. That is, if M1is the slope for L1and M2is the
slope for L2thenM1= M2
Gradients in order to Determine the Conditions for any Two Lines to be Perpendicular
Compute gradients in order to determine the conditions for any two lines to be perpendicular
When two straight lines intersect at right angle, we say that the lines are perpendicular lines. See
an illustration below.
Consider the points P1(x1,y1), P2(x2,y2), P3(x3,y3), R(x1,y2) and Q(x3,y2) and the anglesα,β,γ(alpha,
beta and gamma respectively).
Generally two perpendicular lines L1and L2with slopes M1and M2respectively the product of their
slopes is equal to negative one. That is M1M2= -1.
Example 10
Show that A(-3,1), B(1,2), C(0,-1) and D(-4,-2) are vertices of a parallelogram.
Solution
Let us find the slope of the lines AB, DC, AD and BC
We see that each two opposite sides of the parallelogram have equal slope. This means that the
two opposite sides are parallel to each other, which is the distinctive feature of the parallelogram.
Therefore the given vertices are the vertices of a parallelogram.
Problems on Parallel and Perpendicular Lines
Solve problems on parallel and perpendicular lines
Example 11
Show that A(-3,2), B(5,6) and C(7,2) are vertices of a right angled triangle.
Solution
Right angled triangle has two sides that are perpendicular, they form 90°.We know that the slope
of the line is given by: slope = change in y/change in x
Now,
Since the slope of AB and BC are negative reciprocals, then the triangle ABC is a right angled
triangle at B.