1. Which source of water is free from hardness and surface impurities?

a) Surface water
b) Underground water
c) Rain water
d) Sea water
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Rain water is free from hardness and surface impurities. Surface water and
sea water is very impure and saline.

2. Water from reservoirs comes under the category of ____________

a) Surface water
b) Rain water
c) Underground water
d) Sea water
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Water from reservoirs comes under the category of surface water. Reservoirs
are the large storage tanks which are used for storing and distributing water to the
channels.

3. Which of the following indicator is pink in basic medium?

a) Methyl orange
b) Phenolphthalein
c) Starch
d) Litmus paper
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Phenolphthalein indicator is pink in basic medium, methyl orange is orange,
starch is colorless and litmus paper shows different colors in different mediums.

4. The temporary hardness in water is due to ____________

a) OH–
b) CO32-
c) H+
d) HCO3–
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The temporary hardness in water is due to HCO 3–. It can easily be removed by
mere action of boiling.

5. With respect to the constituents causing alkalinity in water, which of the following
situation never arises?
a) CO32- and HCO3– together
b) HCO3– and OH– together
c) OH– only
d) OH– and CO32- together
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: HCO3– and OH– together combines to form CO32- ions. Therefore, this
situation never arises.

6. What is the disadvantage of using high alkaline water?

a) It may lead to infections
b) It may lead to electrolysis
c) It may lead to caustic embrittlement
d) It may lead to indigestion
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: High alkaline water leads to caustic embrittlement and deposition of
precipitates and sludges in boiler tubes and pipes.

7. The alkalinity due to hydroxide ion when P > M/2 will be ____________
a) M-2P
b) 2(M-P)
c) Nil
d) 2P-M
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The alkalinity due to hydroxide ion when P > M/2 will be (2P-M).

8. The alkalinity due to bicarbonate ion when P < M/2 will be ____________
a) M-2P
b) 2(M-P)
c) Nil
d) 2P-M
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The alkalinity due to bicarbonate ion when P < M/2 will be (M-2P).

9. The alkalinity due to carbonate ion is 2P when?

a) P = M
b) P > M/2
c) P = M/2
d) P < M/2
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The alkalinity due to carbonate ion is 2P when P = M/2.

10. Alkalinity is a measure of the ability of water to neutralize the acids.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Alkalinity is a measure of the ability of water to neutralize the acids. Measuring
alkalinity is important in determining a stream’s ability to neutralize acidic pollution from
rainfall or waste water.

11. When the gas has more than 95% of Methane then what type of gas is this?
a) Wet gas
b) Dry gas
c) Sour gas
d) Condensate Gas
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: When the gas has more than 95% of Methane then it is called a Dry gas
and when it contains less than 95% Methane then it is called a Wet gas. If the natural
gas contains more than 4 ppm of H2S then it is called a Sour gas. Condensate gas is a
low density (high API) mixture of hydrocarbon liquids that are present in gaseous
components in the natural gas.

12. What is the unit of Dynamic Viscosity?

a) cp
b) bp
c) jp
d) kp
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The unit of Dynamic Viscosity is centipoises, abbreviated as cp. Dynamic
viscosity is also known as absolute viscosity. The dimension of Dynamic viscosity is [ML -1T-
1
].

13. How many types of Viscosities are there?

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Viscosity is divided into 2 types. These are Dynamic Viscosity and Kinetic
Viscosity. Kinematic viscosity is equal to the ratio of Dynamic Viscosity to Density.

14. What is the oil formation volume factor?

a) The ratio of the volume of oil to the volume of gas at reservoir condition
b) The ratio of the volume of oil at the reservoir condition to the volume of oil at the surface
condition
c) The ratio of the volume of oil to the volume of gas at surface condition
d) The ratio of the volume of oil at the reservoir condition to the volume of oil at the surface
condition
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The oil formation volume factor is the ratio of the volume of oil at the
reservoir condition to the volume of oil at the surface condition. The ratio of the volume
of gas to the volume of oil is equal to the Gas Oil ratio (GOR).

15. The compressibility factor is given by ________

a) The ratio of the volume of real gas to the volume of an ideal gas at the same pressure
and temperature
b) The ratio of the volume of an ideal gas to the volume of real gas at the same pressure
and temperature
c) Change in volume to change in original volume
d) Change in pressure to the change in volume
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The compressibility factor is given by the ratio of the volume of real gas to the
volume of an ideal gas at the same pressure and temperature. To correct for non-ideality
we implement the compressibility (Z) factor in the simplest equation of state.

16.0API equals to which of the following expression?

a) (141.5/Sp. Gravity) – 141.5
b) (141.5/Sp. Gravity) – 135.1
c) (141.5/Sp. Gravity) – 131.5
d) 131.5 – 141.5/Sp.Gravity
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: 0API equals to (141.5/Sp. Gravity) – 131.5. 0API is now used as a standard to
identify the types of light and heavy crudes. Higher the 0API lighter the crude is and vice
versa.

17. Which of the following is correct for viscosity vs pressure relation?

a) 
b)
c)
d)
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: When the pressure is above the bubble point pressure then viscosity
decreases when we go from high-pressure region to bubble point pressure but as soon as it
reaches the bubble point then the viscosity starts increasing to the lower pressure region.

18. Water flows between two plates of which the upper one is stationary and the lower one
is moving with a velocity V. What will be the velocity of the fluid in contact with the upper
plate?
a) V
b) N ⁄ 2
c) 2V
d) 0
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: According to the No-Slip condition, the relative velocity between the
plate and the fluid in contact with it must be zero. Thus, the velocity of the fluid in
contact with the upper plate is 0 and that with the lower plate is V.
19. The viscous force the relative motion between the adjacent layers of a fluid in motion.
Which one of the flowing fits best in the sentence?
a) opposes
b) never affects
c) facilitates
d) may effect under certain conditions
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Viscosity is the internal friction of a fluid in motion. It is the property by the
virtue of which the relative motion between two adjacent fluid layers is oopposed.

20.The viscosity of a fluid in motion is 1 Poise. What will be it’s viscosity (in Poise) when the
fluid is at rest?
a) 0
b) 0.5
c) 1
d) 2
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Viscosity is the property of a fluid and is constant for a given fluid under given
conditions, irrespective of the fact whether the fluid is at rest or in motion.

21. Which of the following correctly states how the viscosities of a liquid and a gas will
change with temperature?
a) Viscosity increases with the increase in temperature of a liquid and decreases with the
increase in temperature of a gas
b) Viscosity increases with the increase in temperature of a liquid and increases with the
increase in temperature of a gas
c) Viscosity decreases with the increase in temperature of a liquid and decreases with the
increase in temperature of a gas
d) Viscosity decreases with the increase in temperature of a liquid and increases with the
increase in temperature of a gas
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Viscosity of a liquid is due to the cohesion between it’s molecules. With the
increase in temperature of a liquid, cohesion increases, leading to the rise in viscosity.
Viscosity of a gas is due to the momentum transfer between it’s molecules. With the
increase in the temperature of a liquid, molecular motion increases, leading to the fall in
viscosity.

22. Which one of the following is not a unit of dynamic viscosity?

a) Pa-s
b) N-s/m2
c) Poise
d) Stokes
View Answer
Answer: d

Explanation: 
where F= viscous force, A= area, du ⁄ dx = velocity gradient, μ = co-effcient of
viscosity. Therefore,

SI unit of μ is N-s/m2 = Pa-s and CGS unit of μ is dyne-s/cm2. 1 Poise= 1 dyne-

s/cm2 and 1 Stokes= 1 cm2/s. Thus, Stokes is not an unit of μ, rather it is a unit of
kinematic viscosity υ.

23. Which of the following is a unit of dynamic viscosity?

a) [M1 L1 T-1].
b) [M1 L-1 T-1].
c) [M1 L-2 T-2].
d) [M1 L-2 T-2].
View Answer
Answer: b

Explanation: 
where F= viscous force, A= area, du ⁄ dx = velocity gradient, μ = co-effcient of viscosity.
Therefore,

24. Which one of the following is the CGS unit of dynamic viscosity?
a) Stokes
b) Pa-s
c) m2/s
d) Poise
View Answer
Answer: d

Explanation: 
where F= viscous force, A= area, du ⁄ dx = velocity gradient, μ = co-effcient of viscosity.
Therefore,

CGS unit of μ is = dyne-s/cm2. 1 Poise= 1 dyne-s/cm2 and 1 Stokes= 1 cm2/s. Thus, the

CGS unit of μ will be Poise. Stokes is the CGS unit of kinematic viscosity.

25. The dynamic viscosity of a fluid is 1 Poise. What should one multiply to it to get the
answer in N-s/m2?
a) 0.1
b) 1
c) 10
d) 100
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation:

1 Poise = 1 dyne-s/cm2 

26. Which of the following is a unit of kinematic viscosity?

a) Stokes
b) Pa-s
c) m2=s
d) Poise
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: ν = μ/ρ, where ν = kinematic viscosity, μ = dynamic viscosity and ρ =
density of the fluid. Unit of μ is dyne-s/cm 2 and that of ρ is kg/cm3.
Thus, the unit of ν is cm2/s = Stokes Poise is the unit of dynamic viscosity.
 1 Poise = 1 dyne-

s/cm2 

27. Which of the following is the dimension of kinematic viscosity?

a) [L1 T-1].
b) [L1 T-2].
c) [L2 T-1].
d) [L2 T-2].
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: ν = μ/ρ, where ν = kinematic viscosity, μ = dynamic viscosity and ρ = density of
the fluid.

28. The kinematic viscosity of a fluid is 0.1 Stokes. What will be the value is m 2/s?
a) 10-2
b) 10-3
c) 10-4
d) 10-5
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: 1Stokes = 1cm2/s = 10-4m2/s Therefore, 0.1Stokes = 10-1cm2/s = 10-5m2/s.

29. The shear stress at a point in a liquid is found to be 0.03 N/m 2. The velocity gradient at
the point is 0.15 s-1. What will be it’s viscosity (in Poise)?
a) 20
b) 2
c) 0.2
d) 0.5
View Answer
Answer: b

Explanation: 
where F= viscous force, A= area, du ⁄ dx = velocity gradient, μ = co-effcient of viscosity.
Therefore,

30. The space between two plates (20cm*20cm*1cm), 1 cm apart, is filled with a liquid of
viscosity 1 Poise. The upper plate is dragged to the right with a force of 5N keeping the
lower plate stationary.

What will be the velocity in m/s of flow at a point 0.5 cm below the lower surface of the
upper plate if linear velocity profile is assumed for the flow?
a) 1.25
b) 2.5
c) 12.5
d) 0.25
View Answer
Answer: c

Explanation: 
where Fν = viscous force, A = area, du ⁄ dx = velocity gradient, μ = co-effcient of viscosity. If
linear velocity profile is assumed, du⁄dx = U/x, where U = velocity of the upper plate and x =
distance between the two plates. Now, the viscous force Fv = -F= -5N. Substituting all the
values in the equation, U becomes 12.5 m/s.

31. Which of the following is untrue about Solvent extraction of Oil?

a) The most common solvent used is Hexane
b) This process is difficult/complex for small scale operators
c) This suitable for materials containing low percentage of oil
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: All the statements given are true.

32. Which of the following is NOT a step in Pre-press Solvent Extraction?

a) Seed Cooking
b) Pressing the flake
c) Solvent Extraction
d) Seed Whipping
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Seed whipping is not a Pre-press Solvent Extraction step.
33. An Oil Press is called _____
a) Expresser
b) Boiler
c) Expeller
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: An Oil Press is called an Expeller.

34. Which of the following is true about Seed Flaking in Pre-press Solvent Extraction?
a) The flakes have to be very thin
b) The flakes have to be very thick
c) The flakes have to be an optimum size- neither to thick nor too thin
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The flakes have to be an optimum size- neither to thick nor too thin in Seed
Flaking in Pre-press Solvent Extraction. As thin ones are too fragile and thick ones give a
poor oil yield.

35. In the Seed Cooking step of Pre-press Solvent Extraction of oil ________
a) Reducing oil viscosity promotes oil collection
b) Temperature is increased to inactive/denature the enzymes
c) Sometimes, very high temperature affects meal protein
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: All the given sentences are true.

36. In Solvent Extraction, the oil and miscella are moved in a ________
a) Co- current fashion
b) Counter- current fashion
c) Cross- current fashion
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In Solvent Extraction, the oil and miscella are moved in a Counter current
manner so that the two phases are easily removed.

37. Stripping Solvent off a meal is called _____

a) Toasting
b) Buttering
c) Jamming
d) Milling
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Stripping Solvent off a meal is called Toasting.

38. After toasting and before Refining, Oil is _____

a) Used
b) Made into pellets by hammer mill and stored
c) Washed
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: After toasting and before Refining, Oil is made into pellets by a hammer mill
and stored.

39. Oil Refining is a step __________

a) After Oil Extraction
b) Before Oil Extraction
c) Between Oil cooking and flaking in Pre- Press Solvent Extraction
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Oil Refining is a step after Oil Extraction.
40. In Oil refining, oil is __________
a) De-odorized
b) Bleached
c) De-odorized & Bleached
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In Oil refining, oil is De-odorized anExtraction.

41. Oil is extracted by _____

a) Mechanical Extraction
b) Pre- Press Solvent Extraction
c) None of the mentioned
d) Mechanical Extraction & Pre- Press Solvent Extraction
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Oil is extracted both, by Mechanical Extraction and Pre- Press Solvent
Extraction.

42. In Oil refining, oil is _____

a) Filtered / Centrifuged
b) De-acidified / Steam blown through Oil in vacuum
c) Filtered / Centrifuged, De-acidified / Steam blown through Oil in vacuum
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In oil Refining, oil is Filtered / Centrifuged and De-acidified / Steam blown
through Oil in a vacuum.

.
43. Butter made from hydrogenated oils is flakier than naturally saturated oils.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Butter made from hydrogenated oils is flakier than naturally saturated
oils. This is because the hydrogen added in making the oils saturated is generally
added to the ends of the chain, making it more brittle.

44. Which of the following is untrue?

a) Saturation might be to ↓ rancidity
b) As saturation ↑, viscosity and MP ↑
c) Partial hydrogenation leads to Trans fats which are unhealthy
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: All the given statements are true.

45. Which of the following does NOT refer to sparging of oil?

a) Oil is kept in vacuum and heated to smoke point. Water is introduced through the bottom
b) Water gets converted to steam
c) The steam bubbles through the oil and separates water-insoluble impurities
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In Sparging of Oil, Oil is kept in vacuum and heated to smoke point. Water is
introduced through the bottom. The water gets converted to steam. The steam bubbles
through the oil and separates water-soluble impurities.

46. Removal of water is done by ___________

a) Orsteds process
b) Kjeldahl’s process
c) Filtration
d) Cottrells process
View Answer
 Answer: d
Explanation: Cottrells process is used to remove the water from the petroleum.
kjeldahl’s process is used to know the percentage of nitrogen in the coal
sample.

47. Crude oil is in the form of ____________

a) emulsion of oil and brine
b) emulsion of oil and impurities
c) emulsion of brine and impurities
d) emulsion of impurities and moisture
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The crude oil is obtained from the earth’s crust which will be in the form of
emulsion of oil and brine. It is very stable. When this emulsion is charged then water gets
separated from the oil.

48. To remove sulphur compounds from petroleum, it is treated with __________

a) copper nitrate
b) copper oxide
c) magnesium chloride
d) sodium chloride
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The sulphur compounds can be removed by treating with copper oxide as the
sulphur compounds are get converted into the insoluble copper sulphide.

49. The scales formed during the removal of harmful impurities can be removed by
__________
a) electrolysis
b) electroplating
c) electrotyping
d) dehydration
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The corrosion is will be there if there is presence of magnesium chloride or
sodium chloride salts in crude oil and forms scales. These scales can be removed by
dehydration process.

50. During refining the petroleum, in fractional distillation, what is the temperature in still?
a) 800oC
b) 400oC
c) 300oC
d) 100oC
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The crude oil is distilled and later it is sent into the pre-heater or
else it can be heated with steam, inside the still the temperature is about 400 oC.

51. Which of the following fraction obtained on distillation used in dry cleaning?
a) petroleum ether
b) heavy oil
c) gas oil
d) naphtha
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Naphtha is used for dry cleaning. It is also called as solvent spirit. Heavy oil is
mainly used in producing gasoline by cracking method.

52. What is the catalyst used in catalytic polymerization?

a) Phosphoric acid
b) Al2O3
c) Al2(siO3)3
d) Zirconium oxide
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Phosphoric acid is used as catalyst in catalytic polymerization and Al 2O3 ,
Al2(siO3)3 are used as catalysts in catalytic thermal cracking.
53. Which of the following reactions indicates the Fischer-tropsch method?
a) nC+H(2n+2) → CnH(2n+2)
b) nC+H2n → CnH2n
c) nCO+2nH2 → CnH2n+nH2O
d) nC+H(2n-1) → CnH(2n-1)
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The equation nCO+2nH2 → CnH2n+nH2O represents the Fischer-tropsch
method, here the catalyst used is Ni or CO. The other three reactions indicates the Bergius
process or hydrogenation of coal.

54. What is the catalyst used in Bergius process?

a) nickel oleate
b) phosphoric acid
c) zirconium oxide
d) aluminum oxide
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In Bergius process the catalyst used is Nickel oleate. In
this process the low ash coal is finely powdered and turned into a
paste using heavy oil and the catalyst is taken into temperature.

55. What is the pressure applied during hydrogenation of coal?

a) 200-280atm
b) 200-250atm
c) 300-380atm
d) 300-350atm
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: A pressure of 200-250atm is applied in Bergius process for one hour 30
minutes.In polymerization the pressure of 70-350kg/cm 2 is applied.
56. The boiling range of un-condensed gas is ___________
a) < 300C
b) < 400C
c) > 500C
d) < 200C
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The boiling range of un-condensed gas must be very low that is less than
30oC. As the gases are un-condensed they are ready to condense and become steam. So,
a small amount of heat is sufficient to boil them.

57. Heavy oil on refractionation produces _________

a) Asphalt
b) diesel oil
c) grease
d) kerosene oil
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Heavy oil on refractionation produces grease. It also produces lubricating oil,
petroleum jelly, paraffin wwax

.58. How much percentage of petrol is produced by the synthesis of coal?

a) 40%
b) 50%
c) 80%
d) 30%
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: 30% of petrol is produced from the synthesis of coal. Coal is
mainly utilized in producing electricity and petrol.50% of petrol is produced form
the process called cracking.
59. Which of the following can be used as a preservative for wood?
a) solvent spirit
b) petroleum coke
c) tar
d) gasoline
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Tar is used for preserving wood and the solvent spirit is mainly used for dry
cleaning and as motor fuel.

60. What is the boiling range of diesel oil?

a) 120-180oC
b) 180-250oC
c) 320-400oC
d) 250-320oC
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Diesel oil’s boiling point is 250-320 oC. So, in cracking the high

61. Most oil and gas reservoirs are found in which of the following formations?
a) Sandstone and Shale
b) Sandstone and Evaporites
c) Carbonate and Shale
d) Carbonate and Sandstone
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Most oil and gas reservoirs are found in Carbonate and
Sandstone formations. They are called reservoir rocks and they have good
porosity and permeability in most of the cases. On the other hand, Shale and
Evaporites work as cap rocks having less permeability.
62. Which of the following is a good reservoir rock?

a) 

b) 

c)

d) 
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: A good reservoir rock has good permeability and porosity. In the above
diagrams, we can clearly see that the highest permeability and highest porosity are found to
be 500md and 31% respectively.

63. The habitat of oil and gas in the sub-surface is known as ______
a) Oil Habitat
b) Resources
c) Gas Habitat
d) Reservoir
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The habitat of oil and gas in the sub-surface is known as Reservoir. A
petroleum reservoir is a rock that contains hydrocarbons in the pores and fractures.

64. The general physical characteristics of rocks are known as________

a) Lithology
b) Hydrology
c) Strata
d) Rock Mechanics
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The general physical characteristics of rocks are known as
Lithology. Physical characteristics include color, texture, grain size and
composition.

65. Which of the following rock has isolated bound water containing within it?
a) Sandstone
b) Carbonate
c) Siltstone
d) Shale
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Shale has isolated bound water containing within it. Shale has very less
permeability. Sandstones and Carbonates are generally reservoir rock. Shale is known as
cap rock. Siltstone is a sedimentary rock that contains grains, which lies in the silt range.

66. To be a good reservoir rock the porosity and permeability should be low?
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The porosity and permeability should be high to be a good reservoir rock. If the
porosity is very low then the rock can’t accumulate a good amount of hydrocarbons within it.
So the porosity should be high. And for the hydrocarbon to flow it should have good
permeability.

67. Which porosity should be high to be a good producing reservoir and contribute to fluid
flow through its porous media?
a) Effective porosity
b) Absolute porosity
c) Primary porosity
d) Secondary porosity
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Effective porosity should be high to be a good producing reservoir. It is that
type of porosity in which we consider only those pores which are interconnected and
contribute to the fluid flow. Absolute porosity is that porosity which doesn’t depend on
whether the pores are interconnected or not. Primary porosity is the porosity which arises
when the sediment was deposited and the porosity which arises after the deposition of the
rock is called Secondary porosity.

68. Thermal treatment technologies are differentiated by ___________

a) Type of grate
b) Chemicals
c) Energy
d) Temperature
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Thermal treatment technologies are differentiated by type of
grate used in the process. Some technologies are developed to handle
broad range of hazardous waste.

69. __________ from combustion of waste reduces cost.

a) Chemical analysis
b) Metals
c) Material recovery
d) LCA
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Complexity of technology costs higher than other treatment methods, the
opportunity to recover materials and energy from combustion of waste reduces cost.

70.________ emission is cited as an issue from incineration?

a) Carbon
b) Dioxin
c) Sulphur
d) Nitrogen
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Dioxin emission is cited as an issue from incineration. Greenpeace has
international has anti-incineration campaign based on release of dioxins at various areas.

71. Thermal processing reduces hazard from waste.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Thermal processing reduces hazard from waste, provides energy recovery
opportunities, volume reduction and minimization of waste disposal to landfills.

72. ________ % of waste by weight remains after combustion.

a) 20-35
b) 20-40
c) 40-50
d) 30-50
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: 20-35% of waste by weight remains after combustion and
90% of waste volume reduction is achieved.
73.Ferrous materials are combustible.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: 20% of industrial waste and 30% of domestic waste is incombustible, this
includes ferrous and non-ferrous materials such as iron and aluminium.

74. Residence time of waste in combustion zone is ________ seconds.

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The residence time of waste in combustion zone is 2 seconds and minimum
temperature of 850 degree Celsius.

75.________ of hazardous waste plays a major role in designing combustion unit.

a) Calorific value
b) Chemical value
c) Energy value
d) Fuel value
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Heat or calorific value of hazardous waste plays a major role in designing
combustion unit. Gross and net calorific value is used to describe heat value.

76. Which of the following waste characteristic is considered for combustion?

a) Flash point
b) Energy point
c) Burning point
d) Melting point
View Answer
 Answer: a
Explanation: Flash point is defined as the temperature at which flammable
waste gives off enough vapour to catch fire when ignited and is considered
an important factor for combustion.

77. Mechanical mixing of waste ensures ________

a) Flash point
b) Even distribution
c) Hydrocarbon mixing
d) Less water requirement
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Mechanical mixing of waste before they fed into the furnace helps to ensure
even distribution and aeration.

78. Which of the following are the solid residues from incineration?
a) Slag, fly ash, APC
b) Klink, ash, BPC
c) Gas, slag, APC
d) Liquids, ash, slag
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Slag or bottom ash, fly ash (fine air-borne ash) and air pollution control (APC)
residues are the solid residues from incineration.

79. What is the emission limit for dioxins as per European Union?
a) 0.1
b) 0.2
c) 0.3
d) 0.4
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: 0.1ng TEQ/Nm3 is the limit for dioxins as per European Union, where TEQ
represents agreed toxic equivalent.
80. Which of the following methods of applying water may be used on rolling land ?
(a) Border flooding
(b) Check flooding 
(c)  Furrow flooding  
(d) Free flooding
Ans (d)

81. Evaporation is measured by using

(a) An open pan
(b) Lysimeter
(c) Infiltrometer 
(d) A neutron tube
Ans (b)

82.  In which method the field is divided into a number of long parallel strips?
(a) Border flooding irrigation 
(b) Forrow irrigation
(c) Free flooding irrigation 
(d) Check flooding irrigation 
Ans (a)
 
83)Carbon residue of an oil is determined 

 By conradson method only

 By ramsbottom method only
 Either by conradson method or by ramsbottom method
 By Pensky –Martens(closed) method

84)The viscosity of a hydrocarbon liquids 

 Remain unaffected with change in density
 Decreases with increase in density
 Increases with increase in density
 None of the above

85) Which of the following petroleum product has minimum viscosity at a

given temperature? 

 Motor Spirit
 Light diesel oil
 Aviation Turbine fuel

 HSD oil

86) Which type of oil is obtained by the distillation of paraffin base oil?
a) Lubricating oil
b) Kerosene
c) Vegetable oil
d) Diesel

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Lubricating oil obtained from paraffin wax usually has lower specific gravity and higher
viscosity index than that obtained from asphaltic base oils. Also, more solid waxes separate from the
paraffin base lubricating oil on cooling.

87. Which kind of oils contain asphaltic, naphthenic and aromatic hydrocarbons?
a) Paraffin base oil
b) Asphaltic base oil
c) Mixed base oil
d) Other oils

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Asphaltic base oil consists of non-paraffinic
hydrocarbons such as aromatic and naphthenic
 hydrocarbons. This oil on distillation leave behind asphalt and
bitumen.

88. __________ is not an important refinery process for upgrading the quality of lubricating oil.

 1.  Deoiling

 2.  Solvent refinning

 3.  Hydrotreatment

 4.  Clay treatment

89. Which of the following fractions of a crude oil will have the maximum gravity API (i.e. °API) ?

 1.  Vacuum gas oil

 2.  Atmospheric gas oil

 3.  Gasoline

 4.  Diesel

90. Viscosity index of a lubricating oil

 1.  is the measure of its flash point.

 2.  none of these.

 3.  should be low.

 4.  is the measure of variation of viscosity with temperature.

91.Which of the following compounds is an example of hydrocarbon?

 CO2
 C2H6
 C2H5OH
 CH3COOH

92. A hydrocarbon contains...

hydrogen and oxygen

hydrogen, carbon and oxygen

hydrogen and carbon

carbon only

93.  Name a use of hydrocarbons that come from crude oil

Fuels

Polymers

Detergents

All of the above

94. Assuming water-flooding is conducted at a constant injection rate, constant flowing pressure
at the producing well and mobility ratio M>1:

a) The injection pressure decreases when the cumulative water injected increases

b) The injection pressure will increase when time increases

c)The deltaP btwn inlet and outlet pressure increases when time increases

d) All of the above

Answer : a

a) Then injection pressure decreases when the cumulative water injected increases

95. When injecting water at a constant deltaP with a mobility ratio M>1:

a) the conductance ratio is smaller than 1

b)The conductance ratio increases when Ea increases

c) The conductance ratio is a function of the injection rate

d) None of the above

Answer : b

b) The conductance ratio increases when Ea increases

96.When the gas has more than 95% of Methane then what type of gas is this?

a) Wet gas

b) Dry gas

c) Sour gas

d) Condensate Gas

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: When the gas has more than 95% of Methane then it

is called a Dry gas and when it contains less than 95% Methane

then it is called a Wet gas. If the natural gas contains more than 4

ppm of H2S then it is called a Sour gas. Condensate gas is a low

density (high API) mixture of hydrocarbon liquids that are present

in gaseous components in the natural gas.

97. What is the unit of Dynamic Viscosity?

a) cp

b) bp

c) jp

d) kp

View Answer
Answer: a

Explanation: The unit of Dynamic Viscosity is centipoises, abbreviated as cp. Dynamic

viscosity is also known as absolute viscosity. The dimension of Dynamic viscosity is [ML -
1
T-1].

98. How many types of Viscosities are there?

a) 1

b) 2

c) 3

d) 4

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: Viscosity is divided into 2 types. These are Dynamic Viscosity and Kinetic

Viscosity. Kinematic viscosity is equal to the ratio of Dynamic Viscosity to Density.

99. What is the oil formation volume factor?

a) The ratio of the volume of oil to the volume of gas at reservoir condition

b) The ratio of the volume of oil at the reservoir condition to the volume of oil at the

surface condition

c) The ratio of the volume of oil to the volume of gas at surface condition

d) The ratio of the volume of oil at the reservoir condition to the volume of oil at the

surface condition

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: The oil formation volume factor is the ratio of the volume of oil at the

reservoir condition to the volume of oil at the surface condition. The ratio of the

volume of gas to the volume of oil is equal to the Gas Oil ratio (GOR).
100.The compressibility factor is given by ________

a) The ratio of the volume of real gas to the volume of an ideal gas at the same

pressure and temperature

b) The ratio of the volume of an ideal gas to the volume of real gas at the same

pressure and temperature

c) Change in volume to change in original volume

d) Change in pressure to the change in volume

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: The compressibility factor is given by the ratio of the volume of real gas to

the volume of an ideal gas at the same pressure and temperature. To correct for non-

ideality we implement the compressibility (Z) factor in the simplest equation of state.

101.0API equals to which of the following expression?

a) (141.5/Sp. Gravity) – 141.5

b) (141.5/Sp. Gravity) – 135.1

c) (141.5/Sp. Gravity) – 131.5

d) 131.5 – 141.5/Sp.Gravity

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: 0API equals to (141.5/Sp. Gravity) – 131.5. 0API is now used as a standard to

identify the types of light and heavy crudes. Higher the 0API lighter the crude is and vice

versa.
102. Which of the following is correct for viscosity vs pressure relation?

a) 
b)
c)
d)

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: When the pressure is above the bubble point pressure then viscosity

decreases when we go from high-pressure region to bubble point pressure but as soon

as it reaches the bubble point then the viscosity starts increasing to the lower pressure

region.