LUCAS R.P. PASCHOAL & FERNANDO J.

ZARA SEXUAL MATURITY IN Macrobrachium amazonicum

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL

Figure S1. Ordination

diagrams of the
morphometric variables for
males of Macrobrachium
amazonicum in populations
with large (cas and sbg)
and small (sjb and crc) size
phenotypes based on the
values obtained in the first
two axes of the Principal
component analysis. cas,
Cássia. crc, Carmo do Rio
Claro. sbg, São João Batista
do Glória. sjb, São José da
Barra.

Figure S2. a. Seminiferous

tubules of the testis of a CC
male with a small quantity
of spermatozoa filling
the lumen. Note the large
quantity of spermatocytes
and spermatids in the
tubules. b. Detail in higher
magnification of a, showing
an isolated seminiferous
tubule. Ct, connective
tissue. Sc, spermatocytes.
Std, spermatids. Spz,
spermatozoa.

APPENDIX I
Table Ia. Correlations (Cor) and contributions (Cont) of morphometric variables in the Principal component analysis (PCA’s) used in Figure S1. Values in bold indicate the largest contribution in
axes. For abbreviations, see Fig. 1 or Table I.

  CAS SBG SJB CRC

PC1 PC2 PC1 PC2 PC1 PC2 PC1 PC2
Variables
Cor Cont Cor Cont Cor Cont Cor Cont Cor Cont Cor Cont Cor Cont Cor Cont
CL -0.976 0.128 0.161 0.057 -0.976 0.131 0.149 0.036 -0.952 0.133 -0.112 0.034 -0.949 0.136 0.088 0.021

TL -0.960 0.125 0.239 0.124 -0.955 0.126 0.268 0.117 -0.969 0.138 -0.105 0.030 -0.972 0.143 0.092 0.023

AL -0.957 0.124 0.250 0.136 -0.934 0.121 0.325 0.173 -0.942 0.130 -0.145 0.057 -0.916 0.127 0.123 0.041

2° PL -0.956 0.124 0.252 0.138 -0.929 0.120 0.315 0.162 -0.905 0.120 -0.206 0.115 -0.899 0.122 0.182 0.089

MCL -0.974 0.128 -0.208 0.094 -0.972 0.131 -0.204 0.068 -0.905 0.120 0.034 0.003 -0.884 0.118 0.044 0.005

PPL -0.942 0.120 -0.327 0.233 -0.927 0.119 -0.364 0.216 -0.916 0.123 0.179 0.087 -0.882 0.117 -0.240 0.156

DCL -0.944 0.121 -0.309 0.208 -0.934 0.121 -0.343 0.193 -0.844 0.105 0.492 0.656 -0.842 0.107 -0.478 0.615

Variation (%) /
92.32 / 7.38 5.74 / 0.45 90.28 / 7.22 7.64 / 0.61 85.24 / 6.81 4.61 / 0.36 82.71 / 6.61 4.63 / 0.37
Eingenvalues

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LUCAS R.P. PASCHOAL & FERNANDO J. ZARA SEXUAL MATURITY IN Macrobrachium amazonicum

APPENDIX II
Table IIa. Results of the Covariance analysis (ANCOVA) for each male group or morphotype in Macrobrachium amazonicum populations with large-size (LS) and small-size (SS) phenotypes. 2°
PL, width of the second abdominal pleura. AL, abdomen length. CAS, Cássia. CC, cinnamon claw. CL, carapace length. CRC, Carmo do Rio Claro. DCL, dactyl length. GC1, green claw 1. GC2, green
claw 2. Juv, juvenile. Mat, mature. MCL, major cheliped length. PPL, propodus length. SBG, São João Batista do Glória. SJB, São José da Barra. TC, translucid claw. TL, total length. W, fresh weight.

Population
Relationship Morphotypes or groups Par (log) F p
(phenotype)
TL vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a - -
b 43.96 < 0.001
AL vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a - -
b 57.35 < 0.001
2° PL vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a - -
b 51.97 < 0.001
MCL vs. CL Juv vs. TC a 65.41 < 0.001
b 1.22 0.27
TC vs. CC a 49.5 < 0.001
CAS
b 0.01 0.89
(LS)
CC vs. GC1 a - -
b 11.65 < 0.001
GC1 vs. GC2 a 9.62 < 0.01
b 0.31 0.58
PPL vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a 198.29 < 0.001
b 1.66 0.19
DCL vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a 209.65 < 0.001
b 1.25 0.26
W vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a - -
    b 34.57 < 0.001
TL vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a - -
b 44.42 < 0.001
AL vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a - -
b 50.49 < 0.001
2° PL vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a - -
b 40.89 < 0.001
MCL vs. CL Juv vs. TC a - -
b 12.86 < 0.001
TC vs. CC a 280.12 < 0.001
SBG
b 0.02 0.88
(LS)
CC vs. GC1 a - -
b 25.24 < 0.001
GC1 vs. GC2 a 13.05 < 0.001
b 0.01 0.91
PPL vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a - -
b 7.31 < 0.001
DCL vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a 338.45 < 0.001
b 1.58 0.21
W vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a - -
    b 38.09 < 0.001
TL vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a - -
b 38.46 < 0.001
AL vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a - -
b 32.33 < 0.001
2° PL vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a - -
b 9.10 < 0.001
SJB
MCL vs. CL Juv vs. TC a - -
(SS)
b 17.59 < 0.001
PPL vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a 62.29 < 0.001
b 2.29 0.13
DCL vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a 101.49 < 0.001
b 1.82 0.17
W vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a 57.79 < 0.001
    b 0.35 0.55
TL vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a 56.50 < 0.001
b 0.63 0.43
AL vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a 47.11 < 0.001
b 1.34 0.25
2° PL vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a 76.02 < 0.001
b 0.01 0.99
CRC
MCL vs. CL Juv vs. TC a - -
(SS)
b 6.08 0.01
PPL vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a 142.65 < 0.001
b 2.80 0.08
DCL vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a 162.04 < 0.001
b 0.42 0.51
W vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a 67.83 < 0.001
    b 1.50 0.22

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LUCAS R.P. PASCHOAL & FERNANDO J. ZARA SEXUAL MATURITY IN Macrobrachium amazonicum

APPENDIX III
Table IIIa. Linear regressions of morphometric log transformed data for males of Macrobrachium amazonicum in populations with large-size (LS) and small-size (SS) phenotypes. Carapace
length (CL) was used as the independent variable. r2, coefficient of determination. For other abbreviations, see Table IIa.

Population Morphotypes or
Relationship N Intercept (log) Inclination (log) r2 t p Allometry
(phenotype) groups
TL vs. CL Juvenile 63 1.043 0.515 0.81 0.67 0.51 0
Mature 240 0.821 0.716 0.95 14.77 < 0.001 -
AL vs. CL Juvenile 63 1.004 0.289 0.72 0.05 0.96 0
Mature 238 0.762 0.509 0.93 17.89 < 0.001 -
2° PL vs. CL Juvenile 63 1.173 -0.512 0.75 1.99 0.05 0
Mature 243 0.850 -0.239 0.92 9.36 < 0.001 -
MCL vs. CL Juvenile 49 0.830 0.420 0.54 1.51 0.13 0
CAS TC 67 1.113 0.155 0.60 1.00 0.31 0
(LS) CC 54 1.082 0.194 0.57 0.63 0.52 0
GC1 81 1.627 -0.395 0.41 2.88 < 0.001 +
GC2 24 1.367 0.059 0.43 1.19 0.28 0
PPL vs. CL Juvenile 52 1.023 -0.438 0.56 0.18 0.85 0
Mature 239 2.078 -1.518 0.86 20.24 < 0.001 +
DCL vs. CL Juvenile 49 0.667 -0.444 0.38 2.67 0.01 -
Mature 239 2.095 -1.857 0.87 21.2 < 0.001 +
W vs. CL Juvenile 63 3.290 -3.459 0.82 11.82 < 0.001 +
  Mature 240 2.804 -3.052 0.96 51.75 < 0.001 -
TL vs. CL Juvenile 150 0.970 0.600 0.79 0.72 0.47 0
Mature 511 0.832 0.718 0.92 15.37 < 0.001 -
AL vs. CL Juvenile 153 0.865 0.430 0.68 2.76 < 0.01 -
Mature 511 0.784 0.502 0.89 17.55 < 0.001 -
2° PL vs. CL Juvenile 149 1.014 -0.375 0.63 0.22 0.82 0
Mature 509 0.851 -0.225 0.84 8.94 < 0.001 -
MCL vs. CL Juvenile 112 0.950 0.313 0.52 0.57 0.58 0
SBG TC 217 1.004 0.261 0.35 0.04 0.96 0
(LS) CC 151 1.175 0.101 0.42 1.54 0.12 0
GC1 47 1.357 -0.086 0.82 3.83 < 0.001 +
GC2 13 0.861 0.723 0.51 0.53 0.60 0
PPL vs. CL Juvenile 122 0.845 -0.280 0.55 2.19 0.02 -
Mature 426 1.754 -1.132 0.85 21.18 < 0.001 +
DCL vs. CL Juvenile 122 0.962 -0.715 0.51 0.43 0.67 0
Mature 424 1.825 -1.529 0.84 21.6 < 0.001 +
W vs. CL Juvenile 149 2.928 -3.085 0.74 13.58 < 0.001 -
  Mature 506 2.750 -2.932 0.93 50.73 < 0.001 -
TL vs. CL Juvenile 53 1.068 0.530 0.66 0.64 0.52 0
Mature 1,033 0.847 0.693 0.85 13.51 < 0.001 -
AL vs. CL Juvenile 38 1.408 0.043 0.85 4.21 < 0.001 +
Mature 880 0.781 0.491 0.79 15.97 < 0.001 -
2° PL vs. CL Juvenile 38 1.444 -0.680 0.83 4.05 < 0.001 +
Mature 878 0.877 -0.273 0.71 6.49 < 0.001 -
SJB
MCL vs. CL Juvenile 50 1.254 0.094 0.54 1.52 0.13 0
(SS)
Mature 885 0.962 0.318 0.67 1.66 0.09 0
PPL vs. CL Juvenile 33 0.904 -0.324 0.53 0.63 0.53 0
Mature 792 0.934 -0.350 0.70 3.03 < 0.01 -
DCL vs. CL Juvenile 35 1.014 -0.712 0.51 0.08 0.93 0
Mature 797 0.827 -0.590 0.54 6.38 < 0.001 -
W vs. CL Juvenile 54 2.923 -3.084 0.84 11.07 < 0.001 -
  Mature 974 2.670 -2.914 0.81 40.45 < 0.001 -
TL vs. CL Juvenile 70 0.965 0.591 0.79 0.56 0.57 0
Mature 367 0.857 0.678 0.74 5.33 < 0.001 -
AL vs. CL Juvenile 64 0.917 0.366 0.80 1.53 0.13 0
Mature 319 0.867 0.412 0.70 4.19 < 0.001 -
2° PL vs. CL Juvenile 62 1.008 -0.375 0.71 0.10 0.91 0
Mature 318 0.892 -0.280 0.63 2.80 < 0.001 -
CRC
MCL vs. CL Juvenile 51 1.000 0.253 0.43 0.01 0.99 0
(SS)
Mature 289 1.004 0.220 0.61 0.88 0.37 0
PPL vs. CL Juvenile 47 0.848 -0.280 0.63 1.57 0.12 0
Mature 288 0.920 -0.349 0.55 1.60 0.11 0
DCL vs. CL Juvenile 48 0.776 -0.560 0.42 1.66 0.10 0
Mature 290 0.876 -0.642 0.42 2.05 0.04 -
W vs. CL Juvenile 69 3.144 -3.273 0.82 11.95 < 0.001 +
  Mature 365 2.651 -2.899 0.75 20.55 < 0.001 -

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LUCAS R.P. PASCHOAL & FERNANDO J. ZARA SEXUAL MATURITY IN Macrobrachium amazonicum

APPENDIX IV
Table IVa. Results of the ANCOVA for each female group in Macrobrachium amazonicum populations with large-size (LS) and small-size (SS) phenotypes. 2° PL, width of the second abdominal
pleura. AL, abdomen length. CAS, Cássia. CL, carapace length. CRC, Carmo do Rio Claro. DCL, dactyl length. Juv, juvenile. Mat, mature. MCL, major cheliped length. PPL, propodus length. SBG,
São João Batista do Glória. SJB, São José da Barra. TL, total length. W, fresh weight.

Population
Relationship Groups Par (log) F p
(phenotype)
TL vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a - -
b 8.41 < 0.01
AL vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a - -
b 4.93 0.02
2° PL vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a - -
b 6.05 0.01
CAS
MCL vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a 239.52 < 0.001
(LS)
b 0.05 0.82
PPL vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a - -
b 11.64 < 0.001
DCL vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a 456.85 < 0.001
b 0.63 0.43
W vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a - -
    b 9.11 < 0.01
TL vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a - -
b 9.32 < 0.001
AL vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a 52.47 < 0.001
b 2.86 0.09
2° PL vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a - -
b 37.23 < 0.001
SBG
MCL vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a - -
(LS)
b 5.52 0.02
PPL vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a - -
b 62.88 < 0.001
DCL vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a - -
b 16.29 < 0.001
W vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a 43.58 < 0.001
    b 0.53 0.46
TL vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a 86.15 < 0.001
b 0.01 0.91
AL vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a - -
b 7.91 < 0.01
2° PL vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a - -
b 23.69 < 0.001
SJB
MCL vs. CL Juv vs. TC a - -
(SS)
b 11.20 < 0.001
PPL vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a - -
b 26.07 < 0.001
DCL vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a - -
b 14.07 < 0.001
W vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a - -
    b 13.62 < 0.001
TL vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a 54.77 < 0.001
b 0.60 0.44
AL vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a 67.05 < 0.001
b 1.39 0.24
2° PL vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a - -
b 7.63 < 0.001
CRC
MCL vs. CL Juv vs. TC a - -
(SS)
b 86.64 < 0.001
PPL vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a - -
b 4.25 0.04
DCL vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a - -
b 34.29 < 0.001
W vs. CL Juv vs. Mat a 35.62 < 0.001
    b 1.86 0.17

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LUCAS R.P. PASCHOAL & FERNANDO J. ZARA SEXUAL MATURITY IN Macrobrachium amazonicum

APPENDIX V
Table Va. Linear regressions of morphometric log transformed data for females of Macrobrachium amazonicum in populations with large-size (LS) and small-size (SS) phenotypes. Carapace
length (CL) was used as the independent variable. r2, coefficient of determination. For other abbreviations, see Table IVa.
Population
Relationship Groups N Intercept (log) Inclination (log) r2 t p Allometry
(phenotype)
TL vs. CL Juvenile 115 0.965 0.565 0.82 0.83 0.40 0
Mature 1,159 0.843 0.697 0.83 13.81 < 0.001 -
AL vs. CL Juvenile 114 0.884 0.375 0.81 2.84 < 0.001 -
Mature 1,154 0.806 0.469 0.82 17.56 < 0.001 -
2° PL vs. CL Juvenile 115 1.146 -0.495 0.77 2.52 0.01 +
Mature 1,155 0.963 -0.277 0.75 2.23 0.02 -
CAS
MCL vs. CL Juvenile 97 0.968 0.293 0.66 0.44 0.65 0
(LS)
Mature 1,107 1.178 0.063 0.81 10.60 < 0.001 +
PPL vs. CL Juvenile 86 0.972 -0.375 0.73 0.12 0.89 0
Mature 1,104 1.390 -0.849 0.78 17.85 < 0.001 +
DCL vs. CL Juvenile 98 1.045 -0.766 0.62 0.55 0.59 0
Mature 1,104 1.350 -1.128 0.75 15.04 < 0.001 +
W vs. CL Juvenile 114 2.943 -3.168 0.83 15.69 < 0.001 -
  Mature 1,156 2.622 -2.823 0.85 50.07 < 0.001 -
TL vs. CL Juvenile 287 0.929 0.621 0.89 3.61 < 0.001 -
Mature 266 0.836 0.718 0.88 8.67 < 0.001 -
AL vs. CL Juvenile 286 0.909 0.376 0.89 4.70 < 0.001 -
Mature 266 0.827 0.462 0.85 8.23 < 0.001 -
2° PL vs. CL Juvenile 285 1.047 -0.400 0.84 1.72 0.08 0
Mature 262 1.246 -0.582 0.77 5.89 < 0.001 +
SBG
MCL vs. CL Juvenile 227 1.061 0.196 0.78 1.63 0.10 0
(LS)
Mature 207 1.185 0.057 0.77 4.11 < 0.001 +
PPL vs. CL Juvenile 224 0.956 -0.383 0.74 1.14 0.25 0
Mature 209 1.530 -0.976 0.75 8.61 < 0.001 +
DCL vs. CL Juvenile 229 0.966 -0.733 0.64 0.68 0.49 0
Mature 207 1.516 -1.296 0.75 8.54 < 0.001 +
W vs. CL Juvenile 288 3.023 -3.203 0.91 35.25 < 0.001 +
  Mature 263 2.845 -3.017 0.87 27.42 < 0.001 -
TL vs. CL Juvenile 118 0.953 0.588 0.78 0.98 0.33 0
Mature 425 0.866 0.668 0.70 4.87 < 0.001 -
AL vs. CL Juvenile 118 0.824 0.433 0.72 3.65 < 0.001 -
Mature 393 0.842 0.429 0.61 4.63 < 0.001 -
2° PL vs. CL Juvenile 120 1.090 -0.450 0.67 1.30 0.19 0
Mature 421 1.314 -0.605 0.57 5.64 < 0.001 +
SJB
MCL vs. CL Juvenile 109 1.164 0.142 0.75 2.55 0.01 +
(SS)
Mature 379 0.890 0.381 0.44 2.13 0.03 -
PPL vs. CL Juvenile 99 1.053 -0.439 0.75 0.87 0.38 0
Mature 378 0.806 -0.207 0.36 3.52 < 0.001 -
DCL vs. CL Juvenile 105 0.989 -0.719 0.55 0.12 0.90 0
Mature 380 0.776 -0.531 0.28 3.46 < 0.001 -
W vs. CL Juvenile 101 2.810 -3.079 0.80 13.03 < 0.001 -
  Mature 418 2.708 -2.945 0.61 16.16 < 0.001 -
TL vs. CL Juvenile 161 1.029 0.522 0.91 1.17 0.24 0
Mature 278 0.826 0.709 0.76 6.19 < 0.001 -
AL vs. CL Juvenile 161 0.970 0.313 0.88 1.02 0.31 0
Mature 275 0.854 0.419 0.73 4.63 < 0.001 -
2° PL vs. CL Juvenile 160 1.284 -0.595 0.81 5.76 < 0.001 +
Mature 274 1.152 -0.452 0.61 2.75 < 0.001 +
CRC
MCL vs. CL Juvenile 105 1.028 0.222 0.83 0.63 0.53 0
(SS)
Mature 135 1.022 0.236 0.64 0.76 0.45 0
PPL vs. CL Juvenile 103 1.056 -0.457 0.79 1.05 0.29 0
Mature 186 0.889 -0.297 0.56 1.92 0.05 0
DCL vs. CL Juvenile 105 0.889 -0.656 0.67 1.80 0.07 0
Mature 194 0.878 -0.632 0.34 1.38 0.16 0
W vs. CL Juvenile 161 2.982 -3.196 0.88 23.11 < 0.001 -
  Mature 277 2.765 -2.979 0.76 18.94 < 0.001 -

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