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. adhle.i @ adhle.i

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. adhle.i @ adhle.i

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 Coordinate Geometry

* Coordinate
Geometry
methods used to
The branch
of Mathematics in which
algebraic
→
are

known coordinate
solve
geometrical problem is as
geometry
Reiko ruko abhi ,
important part aayega !
Cartesian coordinate System
In the bathsian ordinate there b artesian
plane which
co -

system ,
is a

which
is made
up of 2 no lines are
perpendicular to each other
,
ie

( vertical) which
n -
asics (
horizontal ) and
y
-
ascii
represents the two variables .

These two lines

perpendicular are coordinate ascis .

→ The intersection point of these two lines is know as the centre at the
the coordinate plane coordinates lo ol
origin of .
Its are , .

→
Any point on this coordinate plane is
represented by the ordered
pair
Let la b) is is the
of number .

, an ordered
pair then a x -
co-ordinate
and b is the ordinate
y co
- -

The called its

distance
of and
any point from the
coordinate
→
asin is x
y
- -

or

x
abscissa
asci is called
the distance
its coordinate or
of ordinate
any point from the

y
- -
.
 y

"
' "" ''
I
X
'
±
7. X

TH F

'
Y

I
I

→ origin

I E

A Cna ya)
,

Y z

Y '
B ( n , ,y , )
c

O
Distance between two Points
Ina
the distance between two points Bln g.) and , a
,
yd is
given by :

AB V (n Nit t
ly ik
=
z
y
-
-

This is known as Distance Formula .

* Distance from Origin

If we have to
find the distance
of any point from the
Pln and Cool
y)
is
origin then ,
one
point is ,
origin .

So above distance
be according to the
formula .
It will

j ( n of
op
thy ok
= -
-

op
MF
=

Hyuk
's issue n
,

army ,
dome hi o
hojaynge ,
so

there's no sense in
writing it

Play )

Xl O lo ,
o )
x

'

\ y
* section formula
the line which
any point
divides AB
If Pln , is AB
yl on

seq coordinates ,

the then the

Pla
in ratio
) will
of
be
m : n
,
of the point
,
y

U =
MN t MN

myzthy.int
z
y
-

, -

# n

B (
n
nay 2)

PC
y)
n
,

A
Luigi)

Matlab short Pek hai is line

ko
in
divide bar haha
,
raisa
point joAb ki segment
AB hai kisi ratio
point
ye divide
-
me .

kahi bhi ho salata hai ki line ko kare

ye
i :L me

divide
ya fin
Hence
aisi
jagah pie place ho AB
pe
ki AB ko s :b me

bhi ratio
kane .
,
hmmm m : n
boldiya ,
ab
bhaiya jis
dena
kane usko ki likh !
me
,
m: n
jagah
* Mid -
Point formula
Pln , the mid line
If yl is
point the
ofthen segment AB which
-

divides AB in the ratio i :L

,
the coordinates
of the

point Pln ,
y)
will be

-
U2
tzni
n
y Yr
{Y
= '
,
 * Area
of triangle
Atm , y i )

Rt no yrs) ,

(na ya) ,

& P R

Here ABC is a o with vertices Almy ) . BC nigh and clnsys) .

To
find
the area
of the o we need to draw AP , BO and CR
perpendicular
's Now that
from A. B ,
c
respectively ,
to the n -
asci .
we can see

APRC and all

ABQP ,
BQRC are
trapeziums
Area
of OA Bc =
Area of A BOP + Area of A Pre -

Area of
BQRC

Area of =

iz
( sum
of parallel sides ) ( distance between them )

Thereforearea
of o ABC =

Iz
( BQ t AP ) QP t (AP
t t CR ) PR -

Iz ( Bator) OR

tzlyztyi ) (n a) Ily ( no ) zigzags) Cns

y 3)
=
,
- +
, +
-
n. -
-

)
uz

I [ n,
Cy z
-

yd Indy -

s
-

yd nsly +
.
-

yd)
( Very Important :

tf must beof collinear

area is o o then the
given points s

)
hair
Ispe questions aate .

been deleted
NOTE : Area
of o has
* Condition for Col linearity Points
of 3

said
3
points Acn ,

y).
, Bluey a) , clays) are to be collinear

to
if they collinear
be
are on

is
same

.
straight line .
The condition
for s pts

{ a. ( ya y s )
Moly yl tasty y 2B
-
t s
-
-
-0
,

This because the enclosed these will be

is Area
by spits o as

they are on same

that
line Then .

by formula of area
of o

can
say
we

{ { nilyz ydtndys-y.lt nsly yd} o

- - -
.

{ a.
Lya yd Indy
- -

,
y it nsly yd} .
- - o

* Centroid of triangle
bentroid
The
of the
Aln
triangle
is the point
of Clas
intersection
of medians

of the
triangle .

.gl
Bcuz yd and ,

centroid
, , , )y s we can

the co ordinates
say
that -

of is
given as :

G
( n. t
ng
-1ns
, y , +

yay Y
's
)
 Previous Year Questions

1. If the points A(x, 2), B(-3, 4) and C(7, -5) are collinear, then
find the value of x.
[1M, 2016]
A1. When the points are collinear,
x1(y2 – y3) + x2(y3 – y1) + x3(y1 – y2) = 0
x(-4 – (-5)) + (-3)(-5 – 2) + 7(2 – (-4)) = 0
x(1) + 21 + 42 = 0
x + 63 = 0 ∴ x = -63

2. Find the coordinates of a point A, where AB is diameter of a circle

whose centre is (2, -3) and B is the point (1, 4).
[1M, 2019]
A2. Let the coordinates of point A be (x, y) and point O
. (2, -3) be point the centre, then
By midpoint formula,
 x = 4-1 and y = -6-4
x=3 and y = -10

The coordinates of point A are (3, -10)

3. Find the distance of a point P(x,y) from the origin.

[1M, 2018]
A3. ‹ Distance from P (x, y) to origin
‹ Points of origin Q (0,0)
‹ By applying distance formula

√ [(x2 - x1)² + (y2 - y1)²]

√ [(0 - x)² + (0 - y)²]

√ (x² + y²) units.

The distance of a point p(x,y) from the origin is √x² + y²

units.
4. ABCD is a rectangle whose three vertices are B(4, 0), C(4, 3)
and D(0, 3). Calculate the length of one of its diagonals.
[1M, 2017]
A4.

AB = 4 units
BC = 3 units
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 …[Pythagoras’ theorem
= (4)2 + (3)2
= 16 + 9 = 25
∴ AC = 5 cm

5. In which quadrant the point P that divides the line segment

joining the points A(2, -5) and B(5,2) in the ratio 2 : 3 lies?
[1M, 2011]
 A5.

6. In the figure, calculate the area of triangle ABC (in sq. units).

[1M, 2013]
A6. Area of ∆ABC = ½ × base × corr, altitude
= ½ × 5 × 3 = 7.5 sq.units
7. Write the coordinates of a point P on the x-axis which is
equidistant from point A(-2, 0) and B(6, 0).
[1M, 2019]
A7. Let coordinates of P on x-axis is (x, 0)
Given, A(-2, 0) and B(6, 0)
Here, PA = PB

On squaring both sides, we get

(x + 2)2 = (x – 6)2
⇒ x2 + 4 + 4x = x2 + 36 – 12x
⇒ 4 + 4x = 36 – 12x
⇒ 16x = 32
⇒x=2
Co-ordinates of P are (2, 0)

8. If the distance between the points (4, k) and (1, 0) is 5, then

what can be the possible values of k?
[1M, 2017]
A8. Distance between (4, k) and (1, 0) = 5

k2 = 25 – 9 = 16
k = ±4
9. The distance of the point P(2, 3) from the X-axis is
[NCERT Exemplar]
a) 2
b) 3
c) 1
d) 5

A9. b) 3

10. The distance between the points A(0, 6) and 5(0,- 2) is

[NCERT Exemplar]
a) 6
b) 8
c) 4
d) 2
 A10. b) 8

11. The distance of the point P(- 6, 8) from the origin is

[NCERT Exemplar]
a) 8
b) 2√7
c) 10
d) 6

A11. b) 8

12. The distance between the points (0, 5) and (- 5, 0) is

[NCERT Exemplar]
a) 5
b) 5√2
c) 2√5
d) 10

A12. b) 5√2
13. If AOBC is a rectangle whose three vertices are A(0, 3), O(0,
0) and B(5, 0), then the length of its diagonal is
[NCERT Exemplar]
a) 5
b) 3
c) √34
d) 4

A13. c) √34

14. The perimeter of a triangle with vertices (0, 4), (0, 0) and (3, 0)
is
[NCERT Exemplar]
a) 5
b) 12
c) 11
d) 7+√5

A14. b) 12
15. The area of a triangle with vertices A(3,0), B(7, 0) and C(8, 4)
is
[NCERT Exemplar]
a) 14
b) 28
c) 8
d) 6

A15. c) 8

16. The points (- 4, 0), (4, 0) and (0, 3) are the vertices of a
[NCERT Exemplar]
a) right angled triangle
b) isosceles triangle
c) equilateral triangle
d) scalene triangle

A16. b) isosceles triangle

17. The point which divides the line segment joining the points (7,
– 6) and (3, 4) in ratio 1: 2 internally lies in the
[NCERT Exemplar]
a) I quadrant
b) II quadrant
c) III quadrant
d) IV quadrant

A17. d) IV quadrant

18. Find a relation between x and y if the points A(x, y), B(-4, 6)
and C(-2, 3) are collinear
[2M, 2019]
A18. x1 = x, y1 = y, x2 = -4, y2 = 6, x3 = -2, y3 = 3
If these points are collinear,
then area of triangle made by these points is 0.
½ [x1(y2 – y3) + x2(y3 – y1) + x1(y1 – y2)] = 0
  ½ [x(6 - 3) + (-4)(3 - y) + (-2)(y - 6)] = 0
 3x – 12 + 4y -2y + 12 = 0
 3x + 2y = 0
 3x = -2y

19. Find the area of a triangle whose vertices are given as (1, -1)
(-4, 6) and (-3, -5).
[2M, 2019]
A19. x1 = 1, y1 = -1, x2 = -4, y2 = 6, x3 = -3, y3 = -5
Area of triangle is
½ [x1(y2 – y3) + x2(y3 – y1) + x1(y1 – y2)]

 ½ [1(6 + 5) + (-4)(-5 +1) + (-3)(-1-6)]

 ½ (11 + 16 + 21)
 ½ (48)
 24 square unit

20. Find the ratio in which the segment joining the points (1, -3)
and (4, 5) is divided by x-axis? Also, find the coordinates of
this point on the x-axis.
[2M, 2018]
A20. Let the given points be A (1, -3) and B (4, -5)
and the line-segment joining by these points is divided by
the x-axis, so the co-ordinate of the point of intersection will
be P(x, 0)
21. A line intersects the y-axis and x-axis at the points P and Q
respectively. If (2, -5) is the mid-point of PQ, then find the
coordinates of P and Q.
[2M, 2017]
A21. Let co-ordinate of P (0, y)
Co-ordinate of Q (x, 0)
22. If the distances of P(x, y), from A(5, 1) and B(-1, 5) are equal,
then prove that 3x = 2y.
[2M, 2017]
A22. Given, PA = PB

⇒ x2 + 25 – 10x + y2 + 1 – 2y = x2 + 1 + 2x + y2 + 25 – 10y
⇒ -10x – 2y = 2x – 10y
⇒ -10x – 2x = -10y + 2y
⇒ 12x = 8y
⇒ 3x = 2y
Hence Proved.

23. Find the ratio in which y-axis divides the line segment joining
the points A(5, -6), and B(-1, -4). Also find the coordinates of
the point of division.
 [2M, 2016]
A23.

24. If A(4, 3), B(-1, y) and C(3, 4) are the vertices of a right
triangle ABC, right-angled at A, then find the value of y.
[2M, 2015]
A24. We have A(4, 3), B(-1, y) and C(3, 4).
In right angled triangle ABC,
(BC)2 = (AB)2 + (AC)…. [Pythagoras theorem
⇒ (-1 – 3)2 + (y – 4)2 = (4 + 1)2 + (3 – y)2 + (4 – 3)2 + (3 – 4)2
…(using distance formula
⇒ (-4) + (y – 8y + 16)
2 2
 ⇒ (5)2 + (9 – 6y + y2) + (1)2 + (-1)2
⇒ y2 – 8y + 32 = y2 – 6y + 36 = 0
⇒ -8y + 6y + 32 – 36
⇒ -2y – 4 = 0 ⇒ -2y = 4
∴ y = -2

25. If A(5, 2), B(2, -2) and C(-2, t) are the vertices of a right angled
triangle with ∠B = 90°, then find the value of t.
[2M, 2015]
A25.

ABC is a right angled triangle,

∴ AC2 = BC2 + AB2 …(i)… (Pythagoras theorem
Using distance formula,
AB2 = (5 – 2)2 + (2 + 2)
= 25

BC2 = (2 + 2)2 + (t + 2)2

= 16 + (t + 2)2
 AC2 = (5 + 2)2 + (2 – t)2
= 49 + (2 – t)2

Putting values of AB2, AC2 and BC2 in equation (i), we get

49 + (2 – t)2 = 16 + (t + 2)2 + 25
∴ 49 + (2 – t)2 = 41 + (t + 2)2
⇒ (t + 2)2 – (2 – t)2 = 8
⇒ (t2 + 4 + 4t – 4 – t2 + 4t) = 8
8t = 8 ⇒ t = 1

26. Find that value(s) of x for which the distance between the
points P(x, 4) and Q(9, 10) is 10 units
[3M, 2017]
A26. PQ = 10 …Given
PQ2 = 102 = 100 … [Squaring both sides
(9 – x)2 + (10 – 4)2 = 100…(using distance formula
(9 – x)2 + 36 = 100
(9 – x)2 = 100 – 36 = 64
(9 – x) = ± 8 …[Taking square-root on both sides
9 – x = 8 or 9 – x = -8
9 – 8 = x or 9+ 8 = x
x = 1 or x = 17
27. If the point P(k – 1, 2) is equidistant from the points A(3, k)
and B(k, 5), find the values of k.
[3M, 2014]
A27. PA = PB …Given
PA2 = PB2 … [Squaring both sides
⇒ (k – 1 – 3)2 + (2 – k)2 = (k – 1 – k)2 + (2 – 5)2
⇒ (k – 4)2 + (2 – k)2 = (-1)2 + (-3)2
k2 – 8k + 16 + 4 + k2 – 4k = 1 + 9
2k2 – 12k + 20 – 10 = 0
2k2 – 12k + 10 = 0
⇒ k2 – 6k + 5 = 0 …[Dividing by
⇒ k2 – 5k – k + 5 = 0
⇒ k(k – 5) – 1(k – 5) = 0
⇒ (k – 5) (k – 1) = 0
⇒ k – 5 = 0 or k – 1 = 0
∴ k = 5 or k = 1

28. Find the ratio in which the line x – 3y = 0 divides the line
segment joining the points (-2, -5) and (6, 3). Find the
coordinates of the point of intersection.
[3M, 2019]
A28. Let the required ratio be k : 1
By section formula, we have
29. Find the point on y-axis which is equidistant from the points (5,
-2) and (-3, 2).
[3M, 2019]
A29. We know that a point on the y-axis is of the form (0, y).
So,
let the point P(0, y) be equidistant from A (5, -2) and B (-3, 2)
Then AP = BP
or AP2 = BP2
or (5 – 0)2 + (-2 – y)2 = (-3 – 0)2 + (2 – y)2
or 25 + 4 + y2 + 4y = 9 + 4 + y2 – 4y
8y = -16
y = -2
30. The line segment joining the points A(2, 1) and B(5, -8) is
trisected at the points P and Q such that P is nearer to A. If P
also lies on the line given by 2x – y + k = 0, find the value of k.
[3M, 2019]
A30. The line segment AB is trisected at the points P and Q
and P is nearest to A
So, P divides AB in the ratio 1 : 2

P lies on the line 2x – y + k = 0

It will satisfy the equation.
On putting x = 3 and y = -2 in the given equation, we get
2(3) – (-2) + k = 0
6+2+k=0
k = -8
Hence, k = -8
31. Find the values of k for which the points A(k + 1, 2k), B(3k, 2k
+ 3) and C(5k – 1, 5k) are collinear.
[4M, 2015]
A31. A (k + 1, 2k), B(3k, 2k + 3) and C(5k – 1, 5k).
When points are collinear, area of ∆ is 0.
∴ Area of triangle = 0
⇒ [x1(y2 – y3) + x2(y3 – y1) + x3(y1 – y2)] = 0
⇒ [(k + 1) (2k + 3 – 5k) + 3k (5k – 2k) + (5k – 1)(2k – 2k – 3)] =0
⇒ [(k + 1) (3 – 3k) + 3k(3k) + (5k – 1)(-3)] = 0
⇒ [3k – 3k2 + 3 – 3k + 9k2 – 15k + 3) = 0
⇒ 6k2 – 15k + 6 = 0
⇒ 2k2 – 5k + 2 = 0
⇒ 2k2 – 4k – 1k + 2 = 0
⇒ 2k(k – 2) – 1(k – 2) = 0
⇒ (k – 2)(2k – 1) = 0
⇒ k – 2 = 0 or 2k – 1 = 0
⇒ k = 2 or k = ½
We get, k = 2, ½

32. Find the area of the triangle formed by joining the mid-points
of the sides of the triangle whose vertices are A(2, 1), B(4, 3)
and C(2, 5).
[4M, 2011]
 A32.

33. For the triangle ABC formed by the points A(4, -6), B(3,-2) and
C(5, 2), verify that median divides the triangle into two triangles
of equal area.
[4M, 2017]
A33. Let A(4, -6), B(3, -2) and C(5, 2) be the vertices of ∆ABC.
Since AD is the median
∴ D is the mid-point of BC.
 ⇒ D({3+5}/2,−{2+2}/2) ⇒ D(4,0)
Area of ∆ABD
= ½ [4(-2 – 0) + 3(0 + 6) + 4(-6 + 2)]
= ½ [-8 + 18 – 16) = ½ [-6] = -3
But area of A cannot be negative.
∴ ar(∆ABD) = 3 sq.units …(i)
Area of ∆ADC
= ½ [4(0 – 2) + 4(2 + 6) + 5(-6 – 0)]
= ½ (-8 + 32 – 30] = ½ [-6] = -3
But area of ∆ cannot be negative.
∴ ar(∆ADC) = 3 sq.units
From (i) and (ii),
∴ Median AD of AABC divides it into two ∆s of equal area.

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion

(A) is followed by a statement of reason (R) . Mark the correct
choice as:
a. Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are correct and
reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
b. Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are correct but
reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
c. Assertion (A) is correct, reason (R) is incorrect
d. Assertion (A) is incorrect, reason (R) is correct
 34. Assertion: Mid-point of a line segment divides line int the
ratio of 1 : 1

Reason: If the area of triangle is 0 that means points are

. collinear.

A34. Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are correct but reason
. is not the correct explanation of assertion.