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You also need to be able to express the equation of a plane in both vector and cartesian form. The direction of a plane is the general point r with the vector equation of the line. Then solve the resultant equation. which is normal to the plane
We know that a normal of Π is (2i-3j+k).
and passes through P. To find the second point, we
described by a normal vector, often denoted as 𝒏𝒏. This is simply a vector that is perpendicular to the plane. can find the reflection of the So, the equation of the line that is normal
5
Example 8: Find the coordinates of the point of intersection of the line 𝑙𝑙 and the plane Π where 𝑙𝑙 has A normal to the plane is �4�. 1 5 point (2, 4, −6) in Π. To do to the plane and passes through (2, 4, -6)
the equation 𝒓𝒓 = −𝒊𝒊 + 𝒋𝒋 − 5𝒌𝒌 + 𝜆𝜆(𝒊𝒊 + 𝒋𝒋 + 2𝒌𝒌) and Π has equation 𝒓𝒓 ∙ (𝒊𝒊 + 2𝒋𝒋 + 3𝒌𝒌) = 4. 3 Equation of red line: 𝒓𝒓 = �0� + 𝜆𝜆 �4� this we use the same 2 2
𝒂𝒂 is a point that lies on the plane and 𝒃𝒃 and 𝒄𝒄 are both is: 𝒓𝒓 = � 4 � + 𝜆𝜆 �−3�
𝒓𝒓 = 𝒂𝒂 + 𝜆𝜆𝒃𝒃 + 𝜇𝜇𝒄𝒄 vectors that lie on the plane. 𝜆𝜆 and 𝜇𝜇 are scalar parameters.
And the line passes through P, 3 3 process as in example 13. −6 1
so its equation is:
First write the equation of the line in −1 + 𝜆𝜆
Equation of line: 𝒓𝒓 = � 1 + 𝜆𝜆 � Next we find where this line 1 + 5𝜆𝜆 −2 2 + 2𝜆𝜆 2
𝑛𝑛1 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑛𝑛2 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑛𝑛3 𝑧𝑧 = 𝑑𝑑 vector column form. Find where this new line � 4 − 3𝜆𝜆 � ∙ �−3� = 8
−5 + 2𝜆𝜆 intersects the plane. We’ll � 4𝜆𝜆 � ∙ � 1 � = 5
intersects Π, and use the −6 + 𝜆𝜆 1
𝑛𝑛1 −1 + 𝜆𝜆 1 call this point X. 3 + 3𝜆𝜆 1
Replace 𝒓𝒓 in the equation of the plane solution of 𝜆𝜆 to find the 2 +2� �
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Solve the subsequent equation for 𝜆𝜆. 𝜆𝜆 = 2 To find the reflected point,
𝒓𝒓 ∙ 𝒏𝒏 = 𝒂𝒂 ∙ 𝒏𝒏 we simply substitute 𝜆𝜆 = 1 + 5(−0.56) −9/5 To find the direction of the
�����⃗
6 58/7 16/7
−1 + (2) 1 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = � 0 � − �−38/7� = �−38/7�
Substitute 𝜆𝜆 back into the equation of 2(−0.28) into our line. This is ∴ 𝑂𝑂𝑃𝑃′ = � 4(−0.56) � = �−56/25� line 𝑙𝑙2 , find �����⃗ �����⃗.
𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 or 𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋
∴ point of intersection = � 1 + (2) � = � 3 � −4 −20/7 8/7
the line to find the point of intersection. because the reflected point P’
𝒓𝒓 is a general point. This form is often more useful for the problems you will encounter in this chapter. To convert back −5 + 2(2) −1 3 + 3(−0.56) 33/25 6 16/7
𝑥𝑥 lies twice as far from P as X. 𝑙𝑙2 passes through 𝑋𝑋 (and 𝑅𝑅). 𝑙𝑙2 : 𝒓𝒓 = � 0 � + 𝜆𝜆 �−38/7�
into the form 𝑛𝑛1 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑛𝑛2 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑛𝑛3 𝑧𝑧 = 𝑑𝑑, you need to replace 𝒓𝒓 with �𝑦𝑦� and expand the scalar product. −4 8/7
𝑧𝑧
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