GABION WALLS DESIGN

Project: Mehalmeda-Effeson Road Upgrading Project

Consultant:
Designed by :
Checked by :
Case: Statical calculation
Assumptions - Gabions walls are generally analyzed as gravity retaining walls , that is, walls which use their own
weight to resist the lateral earth pressure.
- The magnitude of the soil force acting on gabion wall is determined by using Coulomb's formula
- The resisting force due to the cohesivenes of soil is neglected
- Gabion Size 2x1x1

Pa

Ph


ß


     
Toe w


I. Preliminary Dimensions and Material properties:

Wall Height H= 5M
Base width B= 3M
Surcharge q= 10 KN/M2
Back fill slope angle a= 0
Back face slope angle b= -6
Soil friction angle Ø= 35
Angle of wall friction db= 31.5
Unit weight of soil g= 19 KN/M3
Gabion fill unit weight ggf= 27 KN/M3
Allowable bearing pressure σall= 200 KN/M2
Depth of Gabion d= 1M
Change in width b/n rows D= 0.5 M
II. Calculation of Loads:

A)Lateral earth pressure:

Ph= Active earth presure coefficient*Vertical earth presure

Vertical earth presure (KN/M2)

due to soil due to surcharge
95.00 10.00

Active earth presure coefficient, Ka= From table II enter (b,a,Ø)

Pressure coefficient Ka= 0.23

Lateral earth Load (KN) Moment arm Moment at

presure from toe (M) the toe (KNM)

Due to Soil 54.63 1.67 91.04

Due to surcharge 11.50 2.50 28.75

SPh= 66.13 SMo= 119.79

B)Self Weight of Gabion: check

Weight of Gabion=Unit weight of gabion fill*Width*Depth of gabion

GABION
LAYER 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
WIDTH 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
WEIGHT 81.00 67.50 54.00 40.50 27.00
X(from toe) 1.54 1.90 2.25 2.60 2.96
Ms 125.07 128.06 121.52 105.44 79.83

SV= 270.00

SMs= 559.92
III. Checking Stability:

A) Overturning
B) Sliding
C) Bearing failure
D) Localized deformation or failure of the wall
E) Deep seated failure of the retained slope

A) Overturning

Fo : Factor of safety against overturning and deep foundation failure

Fo = Total Stabilization Moment/Total Overturning Moment

Condition: if FO > 2 OK

Fo= 4.67 OK!

B) Sliding

Fo : Factor of safety against sliding

Fs= SV(tot)*tandb
SPh
Condition: if Fs >1.5 OK

Fo= 2.50 OK!

C) Bearing (Contact pressure)

e = Eccentricity SM(tot)= 440.130

s1 = Maximum contact pressure SV(tot)= 270.000
s2 = Minimum contact pressure B= 3.000

e= B/2-(SM(tot)/ SV(tot))

Condition : the resultant force R should act within the middle third of the base of the wall
"OK!" if /e/ £ B/ 6
"Not OK!" otherwise

e= -0.1301 OK!

s1 = SV(tot)(1+6 e/B)
B

s2 = SV(tot)(1-6 e/B)
B
condition = "OK!" if s1 & s2 £ sall
"Not OK!" otherwise

s1 = 66.58 KN/M2 OK!

s2 = 113.42 KN/M2 OK!

D) Localized Deformation or Failure of the wall:

- Checks should be made at selected leveles above the base of the gabion retaining wall for
* Sliding , to prevent shear failure through the wall
* Overturning , to prevent rotational failure through the wall

Calculation of lateral earth pressure and moment at selected level

a)Due to soil Where n=number of layer

eg. At the top of second layer n=2
Ph= 0.5*Ka*g*(H-n*d)^2
M(toe)= 0.5*Ka*g*(H-n*d)^2*[(H+2*n*d)/3]
Selected Level n=
b)Due to surcharge Top of 2nd Layer 2.00
Top of 3 Layer
rd
3.00
Ph = Ka*q*(H-n*d) Top of 4th Layer 4.00
M(toe) = Ka*q*(H-n*d)[(H+n*d)/2]

c)Total load

Lateral load (tot)= Ka*(H-n*d)*[q+0.5*g*(H-n*d)]

Mtoe(total)= 0.5*Ka*(H-n*d)[(q*(H+n*d))+(g*(H-n*d)*(H+2*n*d)/3)]

GABION SOIL FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST REMARK

Selected Level
Self Weight Moment at toe Lateral load(tot) Moment at toe Sliding Overturning Sliding overturning
Top of 2nd Layer 121.50 306.79 26.57 83.15 2.80 3.69 OK! OK!
Top of 3rd Layer 67.50 185.27 13.34 50.45 3.10 3.67 OK! OK!
Top of 4th Layer 27.00 79.83 4.49 19.82 3.69 4.03 OK! OK!
 GABION WALLS DESIGN
Project: Mehalmeda-Effeson Road Upgrading Project
Consultant:
Designed by :
Checked by :
Case: Statical calculation
Assumptions - Gabions walls are generally analyzed as gravity retaining walls , that is, walls which use their own
weight to resist the lateral earth pressure.
- The magnitude of the soil force acting on gabion wall is determined by using Coulomb's formula
- The resisting force due to the cohesivenes of soil is neglected
- Gabion Size 2x1x1

Pa

Ph


ß


     
Toe w


I. Preliminary Dimensions and Material properties:

Wall Height H= 6M
Base width B= 3.5 M
Surcharge q= 10 KN/M2
Back fill slope angle a= 0
Back face slope angle b= -6
Soil friction angle Ø= 35
Angle of wall friction db= 31.5
Unit weight of soil g= 19 KN/M3
Gabion fill unit weight ggf= 27 KN/M3
Allowable bearing pressure σall= 200 KN/M2
Depth of Gabion d= 1M
Change in width b/n rows D= 0.5 M
II. Calculation of Loads:

A)Lateral earth pressure:

Ph= Active earth presure coefficient*Vertical earth presure

Vertical earth presure (KN/M2)

due to soil due to surcharge
114.00 10.00

Active earth presure coefficient, Ka= From table II enter (b,a,Ø)

Pressure coefficient Ka= 0.23

Lateral earth Load (KN) Moment arm Moment at

presure from toe (M) the toe (KNM)

Due to Soil 78.66 2.00 157.32

Due to surcharge 13.80 3.00 41.40

SPh= 92.46 SMo= 198.72

B)Self Weight of Gabion: check

Weight of Gabion=Unit weight of gabion fill*Width*Depth of gabion

GABION
LAYER 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
WIDTH 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
WEIGHT 94.50 81.00 67.50 54.00 40.50 27.00
X(from toe) 1.79 2.15 2.50 2.85 3.21 2.96
Ms 169.41 173.81 168.68 154.02 129.82 79.83

SV= 364.50

SMs= 875.56
III. Checking Stability:

A) Overturning
B) Sliding
C) Bearing failure
D) Localized deformation or failure of the wall
E) Deep seated failure of the retained slope

A) Overturning

Fo : Factor of safety against overturning and deep foundation failure

Fo = Total Stabilization Moment/Total Overturning Moment

Condition: if FO > 2 OK

Fo= 4.41 OK!

B) Sliding

Fo : Factor of safety against sliding

Fs= SV(tot)*tandb
SPh
Condition: if Fs >1.5 OK

Fo= 2.42 OK!

C) Bearing (Contact pressure)

e = Eccentricity SM(tot)= 676.845

s1 = Maximum contact pressure SV(tot)= 364.500
s2 = Minimum contact pressure B= 3.500

e= B/2-(SM(tot)/ SV(tot))

Condition : the resultant force R should act within the middle third of the base of the wall
"OK!" if /e/ £ B/ 6
"Not OK!" otherwise

e= -0.1069 OK!

s1 = SV(tot)(1+6 e/B)
B

s2 = SV(tot)(1-6 e/B)
B
condition = "OK!" if s1 & s2 £ sall
"Not OK!" otherwise

s1 = 85.06 KN/M2 OK!

s2 = 123.23 KN/M2 OK!

D) Localized Deformation or Failure of the wall:

- Checks should be made at selected leveles above the base of the gabion retaining wall for
* Sliding , to prevent shear failure through the wall
* Overturning , to prevent rotational failure through the wall

Calculation of lateral earth pressure and moment at selected level

a)Due to soil Where n=number of layer

eg. At the top of second layer n=2
Ph= 0.5*Ka*g*(H-n*d)^2
M(toe)= 0.5*Ka*g*(H-n*d)^2*[(H+2*n*d)/3]
Selected Level n=
b)Due to surcharge Top of 2nd Layer 2.00
Top of 3 Layer
rd
3.00
Ph = Ka*q*(H-n*d) Top of 4th Layer 4.00
M(toe) = Ka*q*(H-n*d)[(H+n*d)/2]

c)Total load

Lateral load (tot)= Ka*(H-n*d)*[q+0.5*g*(H-n*d)]

Mtoe(total)= 0.5*Ka*(H-n*d)[(q*(H+n*d))+(g*(H-n*d)*(H+2*n*d)/3)]

GABION SOIL FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST REMARK

Selected Level
Self Weight Moment at toe Lateral load(tot) Moment at toe Sliding Overturning Sliding overturning
Top of 2nd Layer 189.00 532.34 44.16 153.33 2.62 3.47 OK! OK!
Top of 3rd Layer 121.50 363.66 26.57 109.71 2.80 3.31 OK! OK!
Top of 4th Layer 67.50 209.65 13.34 63.79 3.10 3.29 OK! OK!
 GABION WALLS DESIGN
Project: Mehalmeda-Effeson Road Upgrading Project
Consultant:
Designed by :
Checked by :
Case: Statical calculation
Assumptions - Gabions walls are generally analyzed as gravity retaining walls , that is, walls which use their own
weight to resist the lateral earth pressure.
- The magnitude of the soil force acting on gabion wall is determined by using Coulomb's formula
- The resisting force due to the cohesivenes of soil is neglected
- Gabion Size 2x1x1

Pa

Ph


ß


     
Toe w


I. Preliminary Dimensions and Material properties:

Wall Height H= 7M
Base width B= 4M
Surcharge q= 10 KN/M2
Back fill slope angle a= 0
Back face slope angle b= -6
Soil friction angle Ø= 35
Angle of wall friction db= 31.5
Unit weight of soil g= 19 KN/M3
Gabion fill unit weight ggf= 27 KN/M3
Allowable bearing pressure σall= 200 KN/M2
Depth of Gabion d= 1M
Change in width b/n rows D= 0.5 M
II. Calculation of Loads:

A)Lateral earth pressure:

Ph= Active earth presure coefficient*Vertical earth presure

Vertical earth presure (KN/M2)

due to soil due to surcharge
133.00 10.00

Active earth presure coefficient, Ka= From table II enter (b,a,Ø)

Pressure coefficient Ka= 0.23

Lateral earth Load (KN) Moment arm Moment at

presure from toe (M) the toe (KNM)

Due to Soil 107.07 2.33 249.82

Due to surcharge 16.10 3.50 56.35

SPh= 123.17 SMo= 306.17

B)Self Weight of Gabion: check

Weight of Gabion=Unit weight of gabion fill*Width*Depth of gabion

GABION
LAYER 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th
WIDTH 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
WEIGHT 108.00 94.50 81.00 67.50 54.00 40.50 27.00
X(from toe) 2.04 2.39 2.75 3.10 3.45 3.21 2.96
Ms 220.46 226.28 222.56 209.30 186.51 129.82 79.83

SV= 472.50

SMs= 1274.76
III. Checking Stability:

A) Overturning
B) Sliding
C) Bearing failure
D) Localized deformation or failure of the wall
E) Deep seated failure of the retained slope

A) Overturning

Fo : Factor of safety against overturning and deep foundation failure

Fo = Total Stabilization Moment/Total Overturning Moment

Condition: if FO > 2 OK

Fo= 4.16 OK!

B) Sliding

Fo : Factor of safety against sliding

Fs= SV(tot)*tandb
SPh
Condition: if Fs >1.5 OK

Fo= 2.35 OK!

C) Bearing (Contact pressure)

e = Eccentricity SM(tot)= 968.589

s 1 = Maximum contact pressure SV(tot)= 472.500
s2 = Minimum contact pressure B= 4.000

e= B/2-(SM(tot)/ SV(tot))

Condition : the resultant force R should act within the middle third of the base of the wall
"OK!" if /e/ £B/ 6
"Not OK!" otherwise

e= -0.0499 OK!

s1 = SV(tot)(1+6 e/B)
B

s 2 = SV(tot)(1-6 e/B)
B
condition = "OK!" if s1 & s2 £ sall
"Not OK!" otherwise

s1 = 109.28 KN/M2 OK!

s2 = 126.97 KN/M2 OK!

D) Localized Deformation or Failure of the wall:

- Checks should be made at selected leveles above the base of the gabion retaining wall for
* Sliding , to prevent shear failure through the wall
* Overturning , to prevent rotational failure through the wall

Calculation of lateral earth pressure and moment at selected level

a)Due to soil Where n=number of layer

eg. At the top of second layer n=2
Ph= 0.5*Ka*g*(H-n*d)^2
M(toe)= 0.5*Ka*g*(H-n*d)^2*[(H+2*n*d)/3]
Selected Level n=
b)Due to surcharge Top of 2nd Layer 2.00
Top of 3rd Layer 3.00
Ph = Ka*q*(H-n*d) Top of 4th Layer 4.00
M(toe) = Ka*q*(H-n*d)[(H+n*d)/2]

c)Total load

Lateral load (tot)= Ka*(H-n*d)*[q+0.5*g*(H-n*d)]

Mtoe(total)= 0.5*Ka*(H-n*d)[(q*(H+n*d))+(g*(H-n*d)*(H+2*n*d)/3)]

GABION SOIL FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST REMARK

Selected Level
Self Weight Moment at toe Lateral load(tot) Moment at toe Sliding Overturning Sliding overturning
Top of 2nd Layer 270.00 828.02 66.13 252.04 2.50 3.29 OK! OK!
Top of 3rd Layer 189.00 605.46 44.16 197.49 2.62 3.07 OK! OK!
Top of 4th Layer 121.50 396.16 26.57 136.28 2.80 2.91 OK! OK!
 GABION WALLS DESIGN
Project: Mehalmeda-Effeson Road Upgrading Project
Consultant:
Designed by :
Checked by :
Case: Statical calculation
Assumptions - Gabions walls are generally analyzed as gravity retaining walls , that is, walls which use their own
weight to resist the lateral earth pressure.
- The magnitude of the soil force acting on gabion wall is determined by using Coulomb's formula
- The resisting force due to the cohesivenes of soil is neglected
- Gabion Size 2x1x1

Pa

Ph


ß


     
Toe w


I. Preliminary Dimensions and Material properties:

Wall Height H= 8M
Base width B= 4.5 M
Surcharge q= 10 KN/M2
Back fill slope angle a= 0
Back face slope angle b= -6
Soil friction angle Ø= 35
Angle of wall friction db= 31.5
Unit weight of soil g= 19 KN/M3
Gabion fill unit weight ggf= 27 KN/M3
Allowable bearing pressure σall= 200 KN/M2
Depth of Gabion d= 1M
Change in width b/n rows D= 0.5 M
II. Calculation of Loads:

A)Lateral earth pressure:

Ph= Active earth presure coefficient*Vertical earth presure

Vertical earth presure (KN/M2)

due to soil due to surcharge
152.00 10.00

Active earth presure coefficient, Ka= From table II enter (b,a,Ø)

Pressure coefficient Ka= 0.23

Lateral earth Load (KN) Moment arm Moment at

presure from toe (M) the toe (KNM)

Due to Soil 139.84 2.67 372.91

Due to surcharge 18.40 4.00 73.60

SPh= 158.24 SMo= 446.51

B)Self Weight of Gabion: check

Weight of Gabion=Unit weight of gabion fill*Width*Depth of gabion

GABION
LAYER 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th
WIDTH 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
WEIGHT 121.50 108.00 94.50 81.00 67.50 54.00 40.50 27.00
X(from toe) 2.29 2.64 3.00 3.35 3.70 3.45 3.21 2.96
Ms 278.23 285.45 283.15 271.30 249.92 186.51 129.82 79.83

SV= 594.00

SMs= 1764.21
III. Checking Stability:

A) Overturning
B) Sliding
C) Bearing failure
D) Localized deformation or failure of the wall
E) Deep seated failure of the retained slope

A) Overturning

Fo : Factor of safety against overturning and deep foundation failure

Fo = Total Stabilization Moment/Total Overturning Moment

Condition: if FO > 2 OK

Fo= 3.95 OK!

B) Sliding

Fo : Factor of safety against sliding

Fs= SV(tot)*tandb
SPh
Condition: if Fs >1.5 OK

Fo= 2.30 OK!

C) Bearing (Contact pressure)

e = Eccentricity SM(tot)= 1317.707

s 1 = Maximum contact pressure SV(tot)= 594.000
s2 = Minimum contact pressure B= 4.500

e= B/2-(SM(tot)/ SV(tot))

Condition : the resultant force R should act within the middle third of the base of the wall
"OK!" if /e/ £B/ 6
"Not OK!" otherwise

e= 0.0316 OK!

s1 = SV(tot)(1+6 e/B)
B

s2 = SV(tot)(1-6 e/B)
B
condition = "OK!" if s1 & s2 £ sall
"Not OK!" otherwise

s1 = 137.57 KN/M2 OK!

s2 = 126.43 KN/M2 OK!

D) Localized Deformation or Failure of the wall:

- Checks should be made at selected leveles above the base of the gabion retaining wall for
* Sliding , to prevent shear failure through the wall
* Overturning , to prevent rotational failure through the wall

Calculation of lateral earth pressure and moment at selected level

a)Due to soil Where n=number of layer

eg. At the top of second layer n=2
Ph= 0.5*Ka*g*(H-n*d)^2
M(toe)= 0.5*Ka*g*(H-n*d)^2*[(H+2*n*d)/3]
Selected Level n=
b)Due to surcharge Top of 2nd Layer 2.00
Top of 3rd Layer 3.00
Ph = Ka*q*(H-n*d) Top of 4th Layer 4.00
M(toe) = Ka*q*(H-n*d)[(H+n*d)/2]

c)Total load

Lateral load (tot)= Ka*(H-n*d)*[q+0.5*g*(H-n*d)]

Mtoe(total)= 0.5*Ka*(H-n*d)[(q*(H+n*d))+(g*(H-n*d)*(H+2*n*d)/3)]

GABION SOIL FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST REMARK

Selected Level
Self Weight Moment at toe Lateral load(tot) Moment at toe Sliding Overturning Sliding overturning
Top of 2nd Layer 337.50 1120.70 92.46 383.64 2.24 2.92 OK! OK!
Top of 3rd Layer 243.00 837.55 66.13 318.17 2.25 2.63 OK! OK!
Top of 4th Layer 162.00 566.25 44.16 241.65 2.25 2.34 OK! OK!
 GABION WALLS DESIGN
Project: Mehalmeda-Effeson Road Upgrading Project
Consultant:
Designed by :
Checked by :
Case: Statical calculation
Assumptions - Gabions walls are generally analyzed as gravity retaining walls , that is, walls which use their own
weight to resist the lateral earth pressure.
- The magnitude of the soil force acting on gabion wall is determined by using Coulomb's formula
- The resisting force due to the cohesivenes of soil is neglected
- Gabion Size 2x1x1

Pa

Ph


ß


     
Toe w


I. Preliminary Dimensions and Material properties:

Wall Height H= 9M
Base width B= 5.5 M
Surcharge q= 10 KN/M2
Back fill slope angle a= 0
Back face slope angle b= -6
Soil friction angle Ø= 35
Angle of wall friction db= 31.5
Unit weight of soil g= 19 KN/M3
Gabion fill unit weight ggf= 27 KN/M3
Allowable bearing pressure σall= 200 KN/M2
Depth of Gabion d= 1M
Change in width b/n rows D= 0.5 M
II. Calculation of Loads:

A)Lateral earth pressure:

Ph= Active earth presure coefficient*Vertical earth presure

Vertical earth presure (KN/M2)

due to soil due to surcharge
171.00 10.00

Active earth presure coefficient, Ka= From table II enter (b,a,Ø)

Pressure coefficient Ka= 0.23

Lateral earth Load (KN) Moment arm Moment at

presure from toe (M) the toe (KNM)

Due to Soil 176.99 3.00 530.96

Due to surcharge 20.70 4.50 93.15

SPh= 197.69 SMo= 624.11

B)Self Weight of Gabion: check

Weight of Gabion=Unit weight of gabion fill*Width*Depth of gabion

GABION
LAYER 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th
WIDTH 5.50 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50
WEIGHT 148.50 135.00 121.50 108.00 94.50 81.00 67.50 54.00 40.50
X(from toe) 2.79 3.14 3.49 3.85 4.20 3.95 3.70 3.45 3.21
Ms 413.90 423.95 424.46 415.44 396.88 320.05 249.92 186.51 129.82

SV= 850.50

SMs= 2960.93
III. Checking Stability:

A) Overturning
B) Sliding
C) Bearing failure
D) Localized deformation or failure of the wall
E) Deep seated failure of the retained slope

A) Overturning

Fo : Factor of safety against overturning and deep foundation failure

Fo = Total Stabilization Moment/Total Overturning Moment

Condition: if FO > 2 OK

Fo= 4.74 OK!

B) Sliding

Fo : Factor of safety against sliding

Fs= SV(tot)*tandb
SPh
Condition: if Fs >1.5 OK

Fo= 2.64 OK!

C) Bearing (Contact pressure)

e = Eccentricity SM(tot)= 2336.830

s 1 = Maximum contact pressure SV(tot)= 850.500
s2 = Minimum contact pressure B= 5.500

e= B/2-(SM(tot)/ SV(tot))

Condition : the resultant force R should act within the middle third of the base of the wall
"OK!" if /e/ £B/ 6
"Not OK!" otherwise

e= 0.0024 OK!

s1 = SV(tot)(1+6 e/B)
B

s 2 = SV(tot)(1-6 e/B)
B
condition = "OK!" if s1 & s2 £ sall
"Not OK!" otherwise

s1 = 155.04 KN/M2 OK!

s2 = 154.23 KN/M2 OK!

D) Localized Deformation or Failure of the wall:

- Checks should be made at selected leveles above the base of the gabion retaining wall for
* Sliding , to prevent shear failure through the wall
* Overturning , to prevent rotational failure through the wall

Calculation of lateral earth pressure and moment at selected level

a)Due to soil Where n=number of layer

eg. At the top of second layer n=2
Ph= 0.5*Ka*g*(H-n*d)^2
M(toe)= 0.5*Ka*g*(H-n*d)^2*[(H+2*n*d)/3]
Selected Level n=
b)Due to surcharge Top of 2nd Layer 2.00
Top of 3rd Layer 3.00
Ph = Ka*q*(H-n*d) Top of 4th Layer 4.00
M(toe) = Ka*q*(H-n*d)[(H+n*d)/2]

c)Total load

Lateral load (tot)= Ka*(H-n*d)*[q+0.5*g*(H-n*d)]

Mtoe(total)= 0.5*Ka*(H-n*d)[(q*(H+n*d))+(g*(H-n*d)*(H+2*n*d)/3)]

GABION SOIL FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST REMARK

Selected Level
Self Weight Moment at toe Lateral load(tot) Moment at toe Sliding Overturning Sliding overturning
Top of 2nd Layer 472.50 1806.76 123.17 552.50 2.35 3.27 OK! OK!
Top of 3rd Layer 351.00 1382.30 92.46 476.10 2.33 2.90 OK! OK!
Top of 4th Layer 243.00 966.86 66.13 384.29 2.25 2.52 OK! OK!
 GABION WALLS DESIGN
Project: Mehalmeda-Effeson Road Upgrading Project
Consultant:
Designed by :
Checked by :
Case: Statical calculation
Assumptions - Gabions walls are generally analyzed as gravity retaining walls , that is, walls which use their own
weight to resist the lateral earth pressure.
- The magnitude of the soil force acting on gabion wall is determined by using Coulomb's formula
- The resisting force due to the cohesivenes of soil is neglected
- Gabion Size 2x1x1

Pa

Ph


ß


     
Toe w


I. Preliminary Dimensions and Material properties:

Wall Height H= 10 M
Base width B= 6M
Surcharge q= 10 KN/M2
Back fill slope angle a= 0
Back face slope angle b= -6
Soil friction angle Ø= 35
Angle of wall friction db= 31.5
Unit weight of soil g= 19 KN/M3
Gabion fill unit weight ggf= 27 KN/M3
Allowable bearing pressure σall= 250 KN/M2
Depth of Gabion d= 1M
Change in width b/n rows D= 0.5 M
II. Calculation of Loads:

A)Lateral earth pressure:

Ph= Active earth presure coefficient*Vertical earth presure

Vertical earth presure (KN/M2)

due to soil due to surcharge
190.00 10.00

Active earth presure coefficient, Ka= From table II enter (b,a,Ø)

Pressure coefficient Ka= 0.23

Lateral earth Load (KN) Moment arm Moment at

presure from toe (M) the toe (KNM)

Due to Soil 218.50 3.33 728.33

Due to surcharge 23.00 5.00 115.00

SPh= 241.50 SMo= 843.33

B)Self Weight of Gabion: check

Weight of Gabion=Unit weight of gabion fill*Width*Depth of gabion

GABION
LAYER 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
WIDTH 6.00 5.50 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50
WEIGHT 162.00 148.50 135.00 121.50 108.00 94.50 81.00 67.50 54.00 40.50
X(from toe) 3.04 3.39 3.74 4.10 4.45 4.20 3.95 3.70 3.45 3.21
Ms 491.80 503.26 505.19 497.58 480.43 396.88 320.05 249.92 186.51 129.82

SV= 1012.50

SMs= 3761.46
III. Checking Stability:

A) Overturning
B) Sliding
C) Bearing failure
D) Localized deformation or failure of the wall
E) Deep seated failure of the retained slope

A) Overturning

Fo : Factor of safety against overturning and deep foundation failure

Fo = Total Stabilization Moment/Total Overturning Moment

Condition: if FO > 2 OK

Fo= 4.46 OK!

B) Sliding

Fo : Factor of safety against sliding

Fs= SV(tot)*tandb
SPh
Condition: if Fs >1.5 OK

Fo= 2.57 OK!

C) Bearing (Contact pressure)

e = Eccentricity SM(tot)= 2918.124

s 1 = Maximum contact pressure SV(tot)= 1012.500
s2 = Minimum contact pressure B= 6.000

e= B/2-(SM(tot)/ SV(tot))

Condition : the resultant force R should act within the middle third of the base of the wall
"OK!" if /e/ £B/ 6
"Not OK!" otherwise

e= 0.1179 OK!

s1 = SV(tot)(1+6 e/B)
B

s 2 = SV(tot)(1-6 e/B)
B
condition = "OK!" if s1 & s2 £ sall
"Not OK!" otherwise

s1 = 188.65 KN/M2 OK!

s2 = 148.85 KN/M 2 OK!

D) Localized Deformation or Failure of the wall:

- Checks should be made at selected leveles above the base of the gabion retaining wall for
* Sliding , to prevent shear failure through the wall
* Overturning , to prevent rotational failure through the wall

Calculation of lateral earth pressure and moment at selected level

a)Due to soil Where n=number of layer

eg. At the top of second layer n=2
Ph= 0.5*Ka*g*(H-n*d)^2
M(toe)= 0.5*Ka*g*(H-n*d)^2*[(H+2*n*d)/3]
Selected Level n=
b)Due to surcharge Top of 2nd Layer 2.00
Top of 3 Layer
rd
3.00
Ph = Ka*q*(H-n*d) Top of 4 Layer
th
4.00
M(toe) = Ka*q*(H-n*d)[(H+n*d)/2]

c)Total load

Lateral load (tot)= Ka*(H-n*d)*[q+0.5*g*(H-n*d)]

Mtoe(total)= 0.5*Ka*(H-n*d)[(q*(H+n*d))+(g*(H-n*d)*(H+2*n*d)/3)]

GABION SOIL FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST REMARK

Selected Level
Self Weight Moment at toe Lateral load(tot) Moment at toe Sliding Overturning Sliding overturning
Top of 2nd Layer 540.00 2200.14 158.24 762.99 2.09 2.88 OK! OK!
Top of 3rd Layer 405.00 1694.95 123.17 675.66 2.02 2.51 OK! OK!
Top of 4th Layer 283.50 1197.37 92.46 568.56 1.88 2.11 OK! OK!