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Pure Chemistry (5073)

Paper Title: Maris Stella Prelim 201 0
o 8 The Periodic Table
8.1 Periodic Trends 20,21,22, A5

Name of Student: 1.. t 8.2 Group Propcrties

Isprc

n
Questions 8.3 Transition Elements
1. Experimental Chemistry:
l. I Experimental Dgsign 3 9 Metals

io
9.1 Properties of Metals 26,27 ,28,29, 30, 89 (b)
1.2 Methods of Purification and Analvsis 4, A2 (a)

t
9.2 Reactivitiv Series
I.3 Identification oflons and Gases , ,1

a
9.3 Extraction of Metals
2 The Particulate Nature of Matter

c
2. I Kinetic Particle Theory l, A8 (b) (i) (ii)
!.zl \ecycling of Metals

u
2 Atomic Structure 5,6,7 9.5 Iron

d
2.3 Structure and Properties of Materials 8, 14, A1 (a) (b) (c) l0 Air 11,2s,32,34, A8 (b) (iii), B10 (a) (b) (d)

2.4 lonic Bonding

E
11 Organic Chemistry
I 1.1 Fuels and Crude Oil 3 l , 33, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, A4 (a) (b), A8
2 j Covalent Bonding (d),
(a) (i) (ii), Bl I Either (a) (b) (c) Bl I

l
I 1.2 Alkanes oR (a) (b) (c) (d)
2.6 Metallic Bonding
l 1.3 Alkenes

a
3 Forlnulae, Stoichiometry and the Mole Concept 9, r0. r l. A2 (b) (i) (ii), 43 (b)
I 1.4 Alcohols

y
4 Electrolvsis A7
11.5 Carboxylic Acids

n
5 Energy from Chemicals 17, Bl0 (e) (f)
I1.6 Macromolecules

a
6 Chemical Reactions

6. I Speed ofReaction 24, A6 (a), (b) (i) (ii)

D
2 Redox 18, r9, Bl0 (c)

7 Acids, Bases and Salts

7. I Acids and Bases 12,13, t6

7 2 Salts .A3 (a), 89 (a)

7.3 Ammonia

O Level Chemistry O Level Chemistry

 2

Class lndex Number Name 1 The table shows the boiling points of the elements found in a sample of liquid air

element argon heliu*r.n neon nitrogen orygen

lo i1N

n
-Illll- boiling point/"C -1 86 -269 -246 -1 96 -1 83
MARIS STELLA HIGH SCHOOL

io
Which elements would be gaseous at -1g0 0C?
,ffi$' PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION TWO A argon, helium and nitrogen

t
SECONDARY FOUR B argon, nitrogen and oxygen
C helium, neon and nitrogen
D helium, neon and oxygen

a
CHEMISTRY PAPER 1 507211

c
2 GasX
. has no effect either on damp red litmus paper or on damp blue litmus paper,
17 September 2010 . puts out both a glowing splint and a burning splint.
Additional Material:

u
What is gas X?
OTAS
t hour A ammonia

d
B carbon dioxide
C chlorine
D nitrogen
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

E
Write in soft pencil.
Write your name, class and index number on the Answer Sheet.
3 The apparatus shown cannot be used to determine the melting point of
sodium chloride, NaCl.

l
There are forty queslions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are
four possible answers A, B, C and D.

a
choose the one you consider correct and remrd your choice in soft pencll on the separate
thermometer
Answer Sheet-

y
Read the instructlons on the Answer Sheet very carefully.

n
Each conect answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer.
Any rough working should be done in this question paper.
A mpy of the Data Sheet is printed on page 18. water

a
A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 16. thin glass tube
containing
At the end of the examination; hand in the following separately sodium chloride

D
:
('l) Optical Test Answer Sheet
(2) Question Paper
I
heat

Why is this?

This document consists of 16 printed pages including lhe cover page.

REPROOUoTION OF ANY PAR' OF THF QUESTION PAFER WTHOUT PERMISSIOII E STRICILY

PROHI'IIEO.

ErrgHlf,HHf, .ltl, f r rr r r r r r r r r r r ITI III

TETTITIIITII IIITTIITTIIIIITTI
J 4

7 The diagram shows part of the Periodic Table

melting point of
sodium chloride
sodium chloride is
greater than 1 00oC
dissolves in the water
T

n
X
A
Y Z

io
B x
c x

t
o x x

a
Which element is correctly matched with its electronic structure?
4 A student wishes to extract a coloured solution from some berries to make an element electronic struclure

c
indicator solution.
Which of the listed inshuctions should the student follow? A 2,8,1

u
B X 2,4
1 cfush the benies
c Y 2,8,2

d
2 add acid
D Z 2.8
3 add a solvent

E
4 filter the mixture

distil the fillrate

8 Elements X and Y combine to form the gas XY2.
5
What are X and Y?

l
A 1,2 and 4 X
B1,3and4

a
C2,3and5 A calcium chlorine
D 2,4 and 5

y
B carbon hydrogen

C carbon oxygen
5 The letters X, Y and Z represent different atoms.

n
oo,rX tt,nY ooroZ D hydrogen oxygen

a
What can be deduced from the proton numbers and nucleon numbers of X' Y and
z?
A X and Y are the same element. 9 The mass of one mole of a chloride formed by a metal Y is 74'5 g.

D
B X and Z are the same element. What is the formula of the chloride?
C X has more protons than Y. A YgCt B Y2Cl c Ycl
D YClz
D Z has more neutrons than Y.

6 Hydrogen can form both H' ions and H- ions. 10 A 25 cm3 sample of dilute sulfuric acid contains 0.025 moles of the acid
Which statement about these two ions is conect? What is the hydrogen ion concentration in the solution?
A An H* ion has no electrons in its first shell. A 2.00 mol / dm3
B An H* ion has more protons than an H- ion. B 1.00 mol / dm3
C An H- ion has one more electron than an H' ion. C 0.50 mol / dm3
D An H- ion is formed when a hydrogen atom loses an electron' D 0.25 mol / dm3
 6
5

14 Which diagram shows an experiment in which the bulb lights?

1,t which quantity is the same for one mole of ethanol and one mole of ethane?
A mass A B
B number of atoms
C number of molecules

n
D volume at r.t.P.

io
12 A black powder is burned in air.
carbon rods
The gas produced dissolves in water to form solution R'

t
cable: plastic
The pH of R is close to 7. steel bitumen
The gas is readily absorbed in aqueous sodium-hydroxide' aluminium
t

a
Whai type of substance is present in solution R? hsat
A strong acid

c
B strong base o
c
C weak acid
D weak base

13 Sodium hydroxide solution was added to dilute hydrochloric acid. The pH of the
solution in the flask was measured at intervals until no further change of
pH took

d u carbon rods cirbon rods

E
place. ated
co nce ntr sodium chloride
hydrochloric crystals
acid

l
sodium hydroxide solution 15 Which substance is not used as a fuel?

a
A ethanol
B methane
C oxygen

y
D uranium

n
16 Ammonia may be obtained from ammonium chloride by heating with
frydrcchloric acid
A aqueous calcium chloride.

a
B aqueous sodium hYdroxide.
C dilute hydrochloric acid.
What would be the pH change in this reaction? b water.
A decrease to

D
1

B decrease to 7
C increase to 7 lTWhensolidXisdissolvedinwater,anendothermicchangetakesplace.
D increase to '12
When 5 g of X are dissolved in 1000 cm3 of water, a temperature change of
10 "C occurs.
Which temperature change occurs when 5 g of X are dissolved in 500 cm3 of
water?
A a decrease of 20 'C
B a decrease of 5 "C
C an increase of 20 'C
D an increase of 5 'C

-h. .,,i ",r,.-r*r*r-**r.. r III I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I !I I T A

- - - -,;d
TETIIITIIITIIIIIITI ITI I rrlrrrrl
8

'18 Sulfur dioxide reacts with aqueous bromine according to the following equation. 2'l Which statement about the Periodic Table is correct?
So2(g) + Br2 (aq) + 2Hzo(l) HzSoa(aq) + 2HB(ae) A the melting point of the elements increases down Group
Which element has been oxidised?
- B the reactivity of the elements increases down Group Vll
I

n
A bromine C the reactivity of the elements decreases down Group I

B hydrogen D the colour of the elements becomes darker down Group Vll
C oxygen

o
D sulfur

i
22 A lump of element X can be cut by a knife.
During its reaction with water X floats and melts.

t
',l9 Which of the reactions X, Y and Z involve oxidation? What is X?
A calcium

a
B copper
C potassium
ethanol

c
c2H50H D magnesium

u
23 An ion X in solution is identified as shown.
x
damp red damp red
litmus

d
litmus
ethyl sodium stays red turns bl ue
Z ethanoic acid Y
ethanoate ethanoate
cH.co2c2H5
cHlco"H cHrcorNa

E
A X only BXandY C Y only DYandZ solulion X solution X
+ NaOH(aq) + NaOH(aq) metal powder

l
20 The results of three halogen displacement experiments are shown. t t
The table shows the results. heat heat

a
halide solution
experiment halogen added

y
What is ion X?
X- z-
A Al3' (aq) B NH4'(aq) C NO3-(aq) D SOa2- (aq)

n
'I x2 Y, displaced Z, displaced
a Y2 no reaction no reaction 24 ln the graph, curve 1 was obtained by observing the decomposition of 100 cm3 of

a
z2 1.0 mol/dm3 hydrogen peroxide solution, catalysed by manganese(lV) oxide.
3 no reaction Y, displaced
2H242-2H2O+02

D
What are halogens X,Y andZ?
x z
A Br cl I
volume ot
B Br I ct orygen
c ct Br ftrmed
t

D cl Br

0
0 time
 9 l0

Which alteration to the original experimental conditions would produce curve 2? 28 The steel bodies of cars can be protected from rusting by spraying them with
A lowering the temperature zinc.
Why is zinc used?
B adding some 0.1 mol/dm3 hydrogen peroxide solution
A Zinc does not react with acidic exhaust fdmes.
C using less manganese(lV) oxide

n
B Zinc forms a stable compound with iron.
D using a different catalyst
C Zinc has a high melting point.
D Zinc is higher in the reactivity series than iron.

io
25 Nitrogen dioxide, NO2, is a dark brown gas that decomposes as shown by the
equation.

t
29 The table lists three ways of extracting metals
2Noz (g)
+ 2No(s) + oz (s)
dark brown colourless metal Description of extraction

a
The diagram shows a glass flask containing a mixture of the three gases. 1 Metal occurs naturally - purify only
The mixture is pale brown. 2 Electrolyse molten metal chloride

c
3 Heat metal ore with carbon

I z inlel for gas Which of the following are the metals ,2 and 3 ?

u
1

1 2
A gold mag nesium tron

d
B iron gold magnesium
c iron magnesium gold
D magnesium iron gold

E
More oxygen is forced into the flask.
What colour change is seen in the mixture?
A there is no change
30 The experiment shown in the diagram was sel up.
Which tube had the highest water level after one month?

l
B it turns colourless
C it becomes darker brown
D it becomes a paler brown

a
B C D

y
iron r[on
26 Which pair of substances act as reducing agents in the blast furnace?
'- hydrogen ." orygen
A carbon and carbon monoxide nitrogen

n
B carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide at
C carbon and oxygen trough
D carbon dioxide and oxygen

a
water -

D
27 What is the function of silica, SiOz, in the €quation shown below?
CaO+SiOz-CaSiOs
A a basic oxide 31 When 1 volume of gas X reacts with exactly 5 volumes of oxygen it forms carbon
B a reducing agent dioxide and water only.
C an acidic oxide What is gas X?
D an oxidising agent A methane
B ethane
C propane
D butane

-f,"I[ T*f, ll,^f, T E ; .I--ll I I rr I I rI E III

'-.
- -
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I IITI E I I r I r IT

l2

32 Which of the following statements are correct? 34 Biodiesel is a fuel made from vegetable oils. lt can be mixed with or it can entirely
1. Carbon monoxide is responsibla for the production of 'acid rain,. replace petroleum diesel fuel in vehicles.
2. Oxides of nitrogen are present in car exhausts. 820 is petroleum diesel with 20 % biodiesel.
3. Sulfur dioxide can be produced by the combustion of fossil fuels. 8100 is 100 % biodieset.

n
Petroleum diesel is made from crude oil.
Aland2only ln a car engine, the fuel ignites and burns in air. The waste products formed
B2and3only

io
leave the engine through the exhaust system.
Cland3only The bar graph compares the quantities of four different waste products formed by
D 1,2 and 3 burning B20 and 8100 with the quantities formed by burning petroleum diesel.

t
r:0

a
33 The molar heat of combustion, i.e. the heat given out when one mole of the
alcohol is completely burned in oxygen, of a number of alcohols is given below

c
to0
heat of combustion
alcohol formula

u
kJ / mol
NO
methanol CH30H 750

d
ethanol c2H5oH 1380 Arnurnrt ot
\\,ilslc products
propanol lbmed in 6\)
c3H7oH 2010

E
.i
xrbilBr) unitr
.t
bulanol c{HsoH %40
..10
How many carbon and hydrogen atoms would there be in an alcohol that has a

l
molar heat of combustion of 3900 kJ / mol?

a
numb€r of number of
carbon atoms hydrogen atoms

y
ll

A t
11 trtlnrrritlc l'lyclrocrrtrrn Nittugcrroritlcs Pdnic(ial(.s

n
B 5 12 : !
Kc1 Pcrroleunr rJicsct ! 810 (20q; biodicsct r fl llt(x) ( l00.ri hi(xliLjct)
c 6 13

a
D 6 14 Which of the following is a correct statement about the waste products formed by
burning these fuels?
A They are all oxides.

D
B They are all reduced when B20 is used instead of petroleum diesel.
C Water vapour is also produced.
D No carbon dioxide is produced with 8100.

35 Which substances can be obtained by cracking hydrocarbons?

A ethanol and ethene
B ethanol and hydrogen
C ethene and hydrogen
D ethene and poly(ethene)
 l4
l3

39 Which structure is not an isomer of the structure shown?

36 A student investigated the reaction of different vegetabl€ oils with hydrogen'
100 cm3 of hydrogen was passed through 1 g samples of vegetable oils CH3-CH2-CHL-CH,-CHJ
containing a suitable catalYSt.
The volume of hydrogen remaining after each reaction was recorded'

n
A cH3-

io
volume of hydrogen
vegetable oil remaining/cm' cH"
t'

t
P 100 B cH.-c-cH.
"l
o 87 CH,

a
R bJ
c cH3-cH2-cH2

c
s 0

u
Which vegetable oils are unsaturated?
A P only
DCH ^-cH- cH2-cH3
BQandRonlY 'l

d
C Q, R and S only CH.
D S only

E
37 ln the polymerisation of ethene to form poly(ethene), which of the following does 40 Poly(ethene) can be manufactured by the process below'
not change?
A boiling point

l
B empirical formula decane ethene poly(ethene)
G densitY cracking polymerisation

a
D molecular mass

y
Which diagram shows the change in molecular size during this process?
38 Which two molecules contain the same number of hydrogen atoms? A B

n
A ethanol and ethanoic acid
B ethane and ethene
C ethanoic acid and ethane molecular molecular

a
D ethanoic acid and ethene slze

start iinish start fln ish

D molecular
slze
c

finish
molecular
s ize

start
o

finish
 5 6
3 (a) Each of the four bottles contains one of the following solutions: For
Examiner's
When the precipitate had settled, its height was measured Fot
Examioer's

. barium nitrate i1 MlTlT

I jl i'-l i-l
Use
The experiment was repeated using different volumes of the phosphate
Use

t'.
. hydrochloric acid ,j ..j
r'\/'r7'\'
,l '.. ./
" solution. The results are shown on the following graph.
.
.
lead(ll) nitrate
sodium carbonate I Ir.ll
solullon2l lsolution3l
16

,"
n
soluilon r soution4l

;.._l
I

-",-,"-"j l_::_l I
height of
12

io
precipilate 8

Tom mixed pairs of these solutions together and obtained the following 4
results.

t
0
0 2 4 12 14
Rcdct&tts Oltst n'a titn vdume of ph6Phate glutimlcml

a
solution I and solutiort 2 butrtrles What ls the formula of the phosphate of metal T? Give your reasoning.

c
f arrtJ soluliort 3
s<ilutiorr \\,hitc prL'cil)itatc

solution I lntl solution 4 rt0 Ioil(:lion

u
solrrtiorr I anrl srrlrrtir.rn -1 $,hitr' prrril)illlc
I iiltd

d
soltrtiorr srrluti()n -l s,hi tc- pl c'c i l.ri tate

Use the information to identify the four solutions t2j

E
Soliltioil ft/extin t3l

l
I

4 Lactic acid can be made from corn starch.

a
)

CHr- CH

y
l I
-COOH
OH

n
+
lactic acid

a
It polymerlses to form the polymer, polylactic acid (PLA )which is
biodegradable.

D
(b) The formulae of insoluble
compounds can be found by (a) Suggest two advantages that PLA has mmpared with a polymer made from
precipitation reactions. petroleum,
1o 12.O cm3 of an aqueous
solution of the nitrate of metal T
was added 2.0 cm3 ofaqueous
precipitate of
sodium phosphate, Na3PO4.
the phosphate height of
The concentration of both of metal T precipitate
solutions was 1.00 mol / dm3.
t2t
I

*tt8.t. I.It!,EE tIIIIl II E; IIl [-=l EIIIII I I III

rETII IITTT II rIII IIIIIIIIIflfl
4
3
For
(ii) Diamond has a similar structure and consequently similar properties' Examiner's
Section A For Give one physical property common to both diamond and silicon(lV) oxide' Use
Examiner's
Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided. Use
The total mark for this section is 50.

n
t1l
1 There are three types of giant structure - ionic, metallic and macromolecular.
(a) Sodium nitride is an ioniCcompound' Draw a'dot and cross'diagram to show

io
the bonding in the compound. You need only show outer shell electrons'
2 Red grapes contain a number of coloured pigments.
Use x to represent an electron from a sodium atom.
Som6 red grapes are crushed and the pigments extracted with a solvent' The
Use o to represent an electron from a nitrogen atom.

t
deep red solution contains a mixture of pigments.

A simple technique can be used in the laboratory to separate the pigments in

a
(a)
this mixture, ln the space below, draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus
needed. 12)

u c
(b) (i) Describe metallic bonding
121

E d
l
(b) (i) Tartaric acid can also be extracted from grape juice. lt is a dibasic acid'
A solution of tartaric acid was titrated with 0.1 00 mol/ dm3 potassium

a
hydroxide.
t1I It required 6.00 cmJ of the potassium hydroxide solution to neutralise

y
20.0 cm3 of tartaric acid. Calculate the concentration, in mol / dm3, of the
(ii) Use the above ideas to explain why metals are malleable. tartaric acid solution. lzt

a n t1l

D
(c)
' ' (l) Silicon(lV) oxide has a macromolecular structure'
Describe ihe structure of silicon(lV) oxide (a diagram is not acceptable)'

Tartaric acid is purifled by recrystallisation.

ii)
On analysis, 8.00 g of impure tartaric acid was found to contain 7.40 g of pure
(

tartaric icid. Calculate the percentage purity of the impure tartaricacid' t1l

a21
!! .!I ! T I! .- I I T I I I I I I I I I I I T T I I I I T I I I I I
- =

7 8

(b) When lactic acid is heated, acrylic acid is formed Fot 5 The table below shows an early form of the Periodic Table made by John Examinet's
Examiner's
Newlands in '1866. Use
HH Use

H_C-C
ll H F CI Co. Ni Br

lt
n
-COOH Li Na K Cu Rb
HO H H COOH

o
Be Mg Ca Zn Sr

i
lactic acid acrylic acid

t
B AI Cr Y

(i) Complete the word equation for the action of heat on lactic acid. c Si Ti In

a
lactic acid +
- t1l N P Mn

c
o S Fe Sc

u
(ii) Describe a test that would distinguish between lactic acid and acrylic acid.
Newlands arranged the elements according to their relative atomic masses.

d
Test : (a)
What governs the order of the elements in the modern Periodic Table?

t1l

E
Result for lactic acid :

Use your modern Periodic Table to suggest why Newlands put cobalt and
Result for acrylic acid (b)
nickel in the same place.
t3l

l
t11

Describe a test, other than using an indicator, which would show that both

a
(rir) Which group of elements is missing from Newlands'table?
chemicals contain an acid group. (c)

y
t1l
Test
Describe three other differences between Newlands' table and the modern

n
(d)
Periodic Table. You must not give any of the answers you mentioned in parts
Result
(a), (b) or (c).

a
t2l

D
i3l
 l0
9 For
given off' For Examiner's
b When iron powder reacts with warm sulfuric acid, hydrogen is - . Examiner's Use
n.trO"ntusedtheapparatusshownbelowforinvestigatingthespeedofthe Use

reaction between iron and sulfuric acid.

t2l

i on ( ii) Whatwillhappentothespeedofthereactioniflumpsofironareusedinstead
of iron powdei? Explain your answer in terms of collisions of
particles.

t
sulphuric water

a
acid

iron powder

(a) Describe how this apparatus can be used to investigate the speed
reaction.

uc
of this
12)

Ed 7

(a)
Eleckolysis involves the decomposition of a compound by the
electric current.
passage of an

Explain why the electrolysis of concentrated aqueous sodium chloride liberates

l
t3l hydrogen rather than sodium at the cathode'

a
(b) The student repeated the experiment with different concentrations
of sulfuric
acid. t1l

y
in each experiment the mass of iron powder was the same and the
temperature was kept at 30'C'
the
The results are shown in the table' (b) The electrolysis of dilute aqueous sodium chloride liberates oxygen at

n
chloride
anode. Suggest why the electrolysis of concentrated aqueous sodium
liberates chlorine rather than oxygen.

a
concentration of sulPhuric speed of reaction /cm3
acid / moles Per dm' hydrogen per second

0.4 4.2 l1l

D
0.8 8.5
The
(c) Aqueous coppe(ll) sulfate was electrolysed using copper electrodes'
1.6 17.0 lost mass as coppe(ll) ions we-re formed and the copper
caihode"nod"
"opp"t gained mass as copper atoms were formed'

(i)
Use the information in the table to help you work out how the
speed of the (i) State one industrial application of this electrolysis'
reaction is affected by the concentration of sulfuric acid'
t1l

trHBHHHH H HMHHEHHHHHH H H H H H H HHHilHilTTT

IE T T NI I I I IINTT NT TT I E5 ts E ETI T flfflfnffl
ll t2
(ii) The results of an experiment involving the electrolysis of aqueous coppe(ll) For 8 Methane is the major constituent of natural gas. For
sulfate are shown below. Examinet's Examinet's
Use Natural gas is a fossil fuel, Use

temp€rature of current used time ol electrolysis

(a) (i) Explain what is meant by'fossil fuel'.
mass o, copper,ormed at

n
electrolyte / 6C / amps /s the cathode / g
20 1.0 1 000 0.329

io
.1000
20 0.658
20 2.0 2000 1.320 tll

t
25 2.0 2000 1.320

a
30 1.0 1 000 0.329 (iD Give one other example of fossil fuel

c
t1l
Use the information in the table to describe how each of the variables affects
the mass of copper formed at the cathode.

u
(b) At a temperature of -5 'C and a pressure of 26 atmospheres, methane
temperature combines with water and forms an ice-like structure called methane hydrate.
Large quantities of methane hydrate have been found underground.

d
(i) Describe the arrangement and motion of the particles in solid methane hydrate

E
t1l

l
current I2t

a
(il) The methane hydrate underground has not yet been extracted in large

y
amounts.
When it is extracted, large volumes of methane are released.
t1l Suggest one reason why methane hydrate decomposes when it is extracted.

time

a n t1l

D
(iii) Describe how the presence of methane in the atmosphere may affect the
environment.
tl l

[11
 2

Class lndex Number Name

Section B

{lir la !ft74 tr f Answer all three questions from this section.

The last question is in the form of either/or and only one of the alternatives should be

n
MARIS STELLA HlGH SCHOOL attempted.
,ffii' PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION TWO

io
The total mark for this section is 30.
SECONDARY FOUR
Write your answers on any lined pages provided and/or separate answer paper.

t
CHEMISTRY PAPER 2 507212

a
2 September 2O10 89 The following diagram shows some reactions of coppe(ll) compounds.

c
Additional Material:
Writing papdr (upon request) t hour 45 minutes A

u
copper (ll) carbonate (ll)oxide

d
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
copper (ll) sulfate

E
Writ€ your Class, index number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper.
You may use a pencil for any diagrams or graphs. (a) For gach of the reactions, A and B:
. outline how you could carry out the reaction

l
This is Section B of the PaPer . state any observations you would expect to make
. write a chemical equation

a
Sectlon B t6l
Answer all three questions, the last question is in the form either/or'

y
Write your answers on the lined paper provided and, if necessary, continue on separate
answer paper.

n
At the snd of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [
] at the end of questlon or part question. (b) One could obtain metalllc copper from copper(ll) oxide or from coppe(ll) sulfate

a
A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 10. solution using chemical reactions (without using electrolysis).
Forryof the starting material:
. give brief details of how you could cary out the reaction
. state any observations tou would expect to make

D
B9 110
. write a chemical equation
810 110 t41

811 110
[Total: 10]
Total /30

This document consists of 10 printed pages including the cover page.

REPRODUCIION OF ANY PART OF THE qUESTIOtr PAPER HTHOU' PERMISSION IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED.

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 3 4

810 Ozone, 03, is a form of oxygen found naturally in the ozone layer of the upper
atmosphere. lt is formed as part of a natural cycle similar to the nitrogen and carbon
cycles. One example of a CFC is the compound CFC-I 13 with the formula C2F3C|3.
Some data about CFC-1 13 are given below":
(a) Explain why ozone in the upper atmosphere is essential. 12)

n
Bond Energy needed to break the bond
The fist step in the formation of ozone is the decomposition of oxygen molecules into (kJ/mol)

io
atoms by low-energy ultra-violet (u.v.) light as shown : c-ct 330
Step 1 c-c 346
Oz + low-energy u.v. light - O+O c-F 450

t
This is followed by the reaction between oxygen molecules and oxygen atoms, which The energy of u.v, light is equivalent to 400 kJ/mol.

a
forms ozone molecules :
Step 2 Use these data in your answers to the following.
02+Q+9.

c
(e) (i) Suggest a reason why the CFC is decomposed by u.v. light to form chlorine atoms
Ozone molecules, however, absorb u.v. light of higher energy and are decomposed in instead of fluorine atoms.

u
the process :
Step 3
(ii) Suggest a funher bond change you would expect to occur in the CFC molecule.

d
12)
Os + high-energy u.v. light -
Oz + O
(f) The formation of ozone in the upper atmosphere can be represented by a single
(b) Use the information above to complete the diagrqm below showing the 'ozone cycle' by
equation :

E
filling in the boxes. 12)
3O2 (9) - 26. 1n1 aH = +286 kJ

ozone
. Eraw an energy level diagram for this reaction. Izt

l
molecules + ffotal : 10]

a
EITHER

y
oxygen B'l'l Ethanol is manufactured in two ways - fermentation of a carbohydrate and hydration of
molecules

n
low-energy ethene.
u.v. light
(a) State the conditions needed for each reaction. I2l

a
Chlorofluorocarbons, CFCs, destroy ozone in the upper atmosphere.
Once the CFC vapour reaches the atmosphere the following reactions occur in order (b) Country A is a large country where the climate allows crops to grow easily. lt is a
relatively poor country with no oil reserves.

D
Country B is densely populated. lt is a relatively rich country and has its own oil reserves.
CFC + u.v. light - CFC fragment + Cl reaction 1
Explain, with reasons in each case, which method of ethanol production (fermentation
Cl + Oa *CIO + Oz reaction 2 or hydration) is likely to be used in eachcountry. t4l
CIO+O*CI +Oz reaction3
(c) Ethanol made from ethene is said to be non-renewable while that made from
(c) Describe and explain what has happened in reaction 2 in terms of the processes of carbohydrate is renewabte. Explain why. 121
oxidation and reduction. tll
(d) Ethanol made from carbohydrate is sometimes termed bioethanol, a type of biofuel.
(d) lt has been suggested that one chlorine atom destroys many ozone molecules. Suggest why using plants to produce biofuels helps to maintain the carbon dioxide and
Suggest by reference to reactions 2 and 3, how this could happen. t1l oxygen balance in the atmosphere. l2l

[Tctal : 10]
 5

OR

811 Nylon-6,6 is a condensation polymer made from two monomers, each of which
contains six carbon atoms.

n
The structures of the monomers used in its manufacture can be represented as
H2N-(CH2)x-NH2 and HOOC-(CHz)y-COOH.

io
(a) Write the structural formulae of these monomers, giving the values of x and y, and the
form.
structural formula of the repeating unit of the polymer they l2l

t
(b) Terylene is another condensation polymer.

a
The following diagram represents the repeating unit of Terylene.

c
o o
I

Draw structures that represent the monomers used in its manufacture. t1l

du
E
(c) State two differences between addition polymerisation and condensation polymerisation.
12)

(d) Ethyne has the structure H-CIC-H. lt polymerises in exactly the same way as ethene

l
forming the polymer poly(ethyne) as shown.

a
H H

y
C:C
C:C C:C

n
HH H H

a
(i) State one difference between the structure of poly(ethyne) and poly(ethene)'

(ll) State one reaction that would take place with both poly(ethyne) and poly(ethene) and

D
give the products of this reaction for both polymers.

(lii) State and explain why plastics such as poly(ethene) may cause problems of pollution' [5]

[Total : 10]

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MSHS 2010 Chemlstry Prellm 1l Sugested Answer lactlc
acrylic acid - goes colourless NOT clear
1
(iii) reagsnt - suitable named meial
1
result - bubbles/effervescence/fizzing OR
reagent - insoluble metal oxide

n
resultr:.colour change or dissolves OR
reagont - any carbonate or bicarbonate
A
result - bubbles/efferuescence/fizzing OR

o
reagent - sodium hydtoxide or alkall

i
1 (a) 3Na* : 1Nr' oonec't ratio result - temperature lncrease

t
'correct charges and e
of + charges US
(bxt) (electrostatic) force of attractlon between (lattice of) positive ions and 'sea' of

a
delocalised electrons (b) they have the same (rslative) atomic mass

c
(ii) When a force is applied, layers of ions or atoms can slip or move past each other (c) noble gases/group 0/group Vlll/ rare gases

tetrahedral anangem6nt of atoms

u
(d) any 3 iiifferences e.g.
(c) (i) 1 slllcon atom :4 oxygen atoms bonded/sunounded, etc. . no atomic numbers ghown/
1 oxygen atom i 2 sllicon atoms . no relative atomic masses shown/

d
. lNewlands') groups are horizontal or periods are vertical/
(i) any ONE :. . no block for transltion elements/
Hard / high mp or bp / nory'poor conductor (of eleolrlcity) / insoluble . Co and Ni appear to be ln group with halogens or other similar

E
NOT crystalllne or strong discrepancies/
-ziil beaker/sultable receptacle with paper dipping into solvent and any two correct labels; 6 (a) idea of measurlng volume gas;
paper dlpping into solvent wlth orlgin llne and/or lowest spot above solvent level

l
in measuring cylinder;
idea of measuring (volume of gas) with tlmeAime intervals;
(b)(i) no, of moles of potassium hydroxlde = 0.006 x 0,1 = 0,0006

a
no. of moles of tartarlc acld = % x 0.0006 = 0.0003 (b) (i) doubling concenkation doubles rate
concsntration of taftaric acid in moUdm3 = (1000/20) x 0.0003 - 0,015

y
(ii) Speed of reac-tion wlll decrease / reaction becomes slower
(it) (7.4181x 1007o = 92.5 (%) Lump of lron has exposed
3 (a) SoluUon 1 - sodium carbonate This ths reaclant particles and results

n
Solutlon 2 - hydrochloric acld ,
Solution 3 - lead(ll) nltrate 7 (a) hydrogen lower in serles (than
- barium nltrate

a
Solution 4 easler to reduce hydrogen lons (than sodium ions) /
hydogen ions gain electrons more readily/ hydrogen lons dlscharged preferentially
(b) Formula is Ts(POa)2:

D
explain why 8 cm3 t'eact fully - graph s[rows that helght of precipitate does not (b) idea oJ selective discharge of chloride ions sinoe
increase when more than 8 cma addgd chlorlde lon concentration greater than hydroxide ion concentration ;

comment about mole ratlo - 3 moles"(Lince 12 cms of solutlon of 1M) of T ions react
(c) (i) purlflcation of copper
with 2 moles (since I cm3 of soluUon of 1M) of phosphate ions
4 (a) any TWO
0l) When the temperature increases from 2o0C to 250C (current used and time remaln
-blodegradable or bieaks down naturally
constant), mass of copper formed remains at 1,3209
*nade kom a renewable source or does not use up petroleum
Thus, temperature has no efiect on the mass of copper formed,
-reduces land pollution or reduces need for landflll sltes
When the curent used incrcases frcm 1 amp td 2 amps (temperature and time
(b) (t) lactlc acld * acrylb;cid + wat€r
remalh constant), mass of copper lonned increases,
Thus increasing cunenl incrsas€s mass (of coPper) formed.
(ii) add aoueous bromine or bromine water

I 2
 time increases ',l000s to re and current (b) Copoe(ll) oxide
constant), mass of copper formed increases,
heat (in a combustion tube)
Thus increasing time increases mass (of oopper) formed,
(stream of (dry)) hydrogen gas / carbon
black powder becomes pink or red-brown
8(a to energy are CuO + Hz -Cu + H2O or with allernative reagent
formed as d result of of plants and anlmals that lived millions of years ago

n
(ii) Coal / petroleum OR
Coooer(lllsulohate
(b) (i) Motion - vibrating/rotating aVabout fixed positions; add zinc (powder) or iron or magnesium

io
Arrangement - regular/orderly arrangemont red-brown or pink deposit
blue colour fades

t
(ii) Any one of; +ln+Qu+ or with alternative
pressure decreases (as ice melts)/ tldGi asa for the earth, out some of the harmful

a
temperature lncreases/ from the sun;
the forces between the molecules of wat6r and methane in methane hydrate ozone loss causes skin cancers or cataracts or crop damage
are
weak

c
ozone
Oxygen
(iii) (b) molecules molscules
metharle cause: global warming/melting of (polar) ice caps/melting of High-energy

u
glaciers/desertification/rise in sea levelVextieme climate'changes/- u.v. light
change in animal habitats Oxygen atoms

d
oxygen

E
molecules
low-energy
u.v, light

l
0 (c) Cl has been oxidised to CIO since Cl has gained oxygen to from CIO
03 has been reduced to 02 by loss of oxygen

a
(d) Chlorine atom is changed to CIO in reaction 2 but CIO can be changed back to
chlorine atom again in reaction a

y
]
(e) (i) Energy of u,v. light (400 kJ/mol) is not enough to break the
C-F bond (4S0 kJ/mot) but
kJ/mot) ]

enough to break the C-Cl bond (330

n
i
(ii) C-C bond may also break I

a
B (f) {iagram for endothermic
Qno -axes labelled
e (a) Reaction A . -3O2 as reactant and 2Os as product
Heat

D
j
-arrow rep enthalpy energy (+286 kJ) pointing upwards
colour change frgm green lo black Either
CttCO3-CuO+COz 1 1(a) F€rmentation - yeast, 370C, absence or airloxygen
Hydration - 3000C, 60 atm, phosphoric(V) acid
Reaction B
add.excess-coppe(ll) oxide [add excesi + filter to remove bonus 1m] (b) A- fermentation,
=
to dilute sulfuric acid OR sulfuric acid as easy to grow suitable carbohydrates / expensive to import crude
NOT concentrated sulfuric acid oiUethene
colourless solution turns blue or forms blue solution B- hydration,
filler off excess coppe(ll) oxide as cannot grow enough carbohydrates due to lack of space / ethene
CUO + HzSOr
-CuSOa + HzO readily available as a by-product of oil refining

3
4
 (c) made from agricultural
ethanol made from ethene of crude oil fractions;
crude oil is non-renewable fuel

(d) Burning of biofuels removes oxygen but introduces carbon dloxlde lnto the
atmosphere.
When crops aro grown to mak€ biofuel, plants removos carbon dioxide and

n
introduces oxygen intoithe atmosphere during photosynthesis.
ln this way, the amount of the two gases is kept somewhat balanced.

io
HzN(CHz)eNHz

t
1 1(a) HOOC(CHz)aCOOH ,

.HN-(CH2) s.N-C-(CH2l 4.CO-

a
rll
HO

c
(b)

u
HoooH

d
(c) Addition - unsaturated monomeri
Condensation - monomer has a functional group at each end

E
Addition - no other product / no mass loss
Condensation - small molecule lost / loss of mass

(d) (i) Poly(ethyne) contains carbon'carbon double bonds / unsaturated while

l
potyietfrine) Ooes not contain double bonds/ contains single carbon-carbon bondsi
is saturated

a
(it) Combustion
Products - carbon monoxide / carbon dloxide and water

y
(iii) Any TWO from:

n
:

-polythene is not biodbgradable

-causes litter or use of land fill sites
Jncomplete combustion produces carbon monoxide

D a ,'l