UNIT 9: IT DEPENDS HOW YOU LOOK AT IT

Grammar - conditionals: You should be familiar with the form of the zero, first, and second
contitionals. The language presentation in this unit covers second and third conditionals, along with the
forms might have done, could have done, and should have done. The Grammar Reference includes an
introduction to conditionals and notes on when to use first, second, and third conditionals.
Vocabulary: The vocabulary focus in this unit is words with similar meanings. The section recycles
language from across the unit and also highlights verbs which are easily confused, e.g. win and beat.
Everyday English: This section focuses on the language used when dealing with money in everyday
situations such as in shops, restaurants, and banks. The section ends with discussion questions on
money, including exchange rates between the currency in your country and the US dollar and sterling.

GRAMMAR
THE ZERO CONDITIONAL

This is used for when the time being referred to is now or always and the situation is real and possible.
It's often used to refer to general truths. The word "if" can usually be replaced by the word "when".

If + simple present - simple present.

Ex: If you heat ice, it melts.

1º CONDITIONAL

It is used to refer to the present or future where the situation is real. The type 1 conditional refers to a
possible condition and it's probable result.

If + simple present - simple future

Ex: If you don't hurry, you will miss the train.

2º CONDITIONAL

It is used to refer to a time that is now or any time, and a situation is unreal. These sentences are not
based on fact. It's used to refer to a hypothetical condition and it's probable result.

If + simple past - present conditional or present continuos conditional

Ex: If ypu went to bed earlier, you would not be so tired.

3º CONDITIONAL

It is used to refer to a time that is in the past, and a situation that is contrary to reality. The facts they
are based on are the opposite of what is expressed. It's used to refer to an unreal past condition and it's
probable past result.

If + past perfect - perfect conditional or perfect continuous conditional

Ex: If ypu had studied harder, you would have passed the exam.

MIXTED TYPE CONDITIONAL

The mixted type conditional is used to refer to a time that is in the past, and a situation that is ongoing
into the present. The facts they are based on are the opposite of what is expressed. The mixed type
conditional is used to refer to an unreal past condition and its probable result in the present.

If + past perfect or simple past - present conditional or perfect conditional

Ex: If you weren't afraid of spiders, you would have picked it up and put it outside.

VOCABULARY
Prision: prisión
burglar: ladrón
scared: asustado
purpose: propósito
meet: encontrarse con / quedar
angry: enfadado
shocked: impactado
ordinary: normal
delighted: encantado
totally: totalmente
frightened: aterrado
bump into: chocar con
stunned: estupefacto
completely: completamente
furious: furioso
normal: normal
jail: cárcel
point: señalar
over the moon: tocar el cielo con las manos
robber: atracador
alone: solo
lonely: aislado
big: grande
great: genial
tall: alto (persona)
high: alto
small: pequeño
little: poco
quick: rápido
fast: veloz
win the championship: ganar
beat Arsenal: golpear (dar una paliza) al Arsenal
make a mess: hacer un desastre
do your best: hacer lo mejor que puedas
talk to my mates for hours: hablar con mis compañeros durante horas
speak to my bank manager: hablar con el jefe del banco
buy someone a present: comprarle a alguien un regalo
pay at the cash desk: pagar en la caja
clean the flat: limpiar el apartamiento
wash my hair: limpiar mi cabello
listen to music: escuchar música
hear a noise: oír ruidos
rob a bank: atracar un banco
steal some jewellery: robar algunas joyas
borrow money from someone: pedir prestado dinero a alguien
lend money to someone: prestar dinero a alguien

"Just" can mean:

- really
- a short time before
- only/simply

ACT. TASK 1
TEORÍA

- Stop
With the gerund, stop means to give up something:
Ex: He stopped smoking on the doctor's advice.
With the infinitive, it means to take a break in order to do something.
Ex: While driving through France, we stopped to visit a famous vineyard.
- Go on
With the gerund, go on means continue.
Ex: I asked him to listen to me but he went on listening to his music.
With the infinitive, it means to pass to the next stage, to proceed to do something else.
Ex:After studying history at university, he went on to work in a museum.

- Remember
With the gerund, remember means you have a memory now of having done something before:
Ex:I drank too much last night. I don't remember going to the last pub.
Ex:I remember seeing her shocked face when I told her the news.
With the infinitive, it means you remember at the time that there is something you have to do in the
future.
Ex: Remember to close the windows before you leave the house.
Ex: It was Joan's birthday yesterday and I only remembered to buy her a card in the morning.

- Regret
With the gerund, you regret something that you said in the past:
Ex: I regret telling Simon that he was a moody person.
Ex: After she told him the news, she instantly regretted saying anything.
With the infinitive, you regret something that you are about to say:
Ex: I regret to inform you that we will have to let you go, Mr. Jenkins.

- Try
With the gerund, try means to attempt to do something as an experiment, a solution to a problem:
Ex: If your back hurts so much, try having a bath before bed every night.
Ex:I'm not happy with my job. I tried speaking to the boss about it but nothing he said convinced me
that I want to stay.
With the infinitive, it means to attempt to do something (often unsuccessfully) that is very difficult.
Ex:I tried to speak to the boss yesterday, but his secretary wouldn't let me in.
Ex: My back hurts. I try to lift heavy things and I just can't!

PRÁCTICA

Put these words into the correct order to make sentences containing different gerund/infinitive verb
patters.
1. much / dread / this / of / all / will / to / how / I / think / . / cost
- I dread to think how much all of this will cost.
2. you / ? / apartment / before / to / remember / did / the / you / left / heater / turn / on / the
- Did you remember to turn on the heater before you left the apartment?
3. remember / remember / I / . / to / anything / saying / but / seeing / I / Kane, / him / don't
- I remember seeing Kane, but I don't remember saying anything to him.
4. keen / I'm / not / into / enjoy / I / them / . / but / watching / movies / , / made / reading / on / novels
- I enjoy reading novels, but I'm not keen on watching them made into movies.
5. you'll / or / so / up / making / much / baby / wake / stop / noise / . / the
- Stop making so much noise or you'll wake the baby up.
6. advisor / a / career / some / suggest / I / give / . / to / she'll / suggestions / speak / you / going / and / to

- I suggest going to speak to a carrer advisor and she'll give you some suggestions.
7. we / so / be / friend / stopped / late / hadn't / ! / if / wouldn't / , / we / your / to / speak / to
- If we hadn't stopped to speak to your friend, we wouldn't be so late!
8. try / . / getting / sleeping / you / if / those / more / headaches / keep / ,
- If you keep getting those headaches, try sleeping more.

WRITING: PROS AND CONS