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Module 2 Systems of Linear Equations and Inequalities
Module 2 Systems of Linear Equations and Inequalities
This module is about finding the solution of systems of linear equations and
inequalities algebraically. In Module 1, you were able to find the solution graphically,
identify the kind of graphs and the number of solutions that you will generate from the
system. Try to find the similarity in solving the solution algebraically and graphically.
Elimination
Substitution
1. (6, -8)
x + 2y + 10 = 0
2x – 3y + 30 = 0
2. (3, -2)
2x – y = 8
y + 3x = 7
3. (5, 2)
4x + 3y = 26
3x + 7y = 29
4. (4, -2)
x+y=2
2x + 5y = -2
5. (5, -2)
x–5=0
y+2=0
1. 2x + y = 14
x–y=4
2. x+y=2
2x – y = 4
3. x + y = 7
x – y = -3
4. 3m – 4n = 1
3m – 2n = -1
5. 7a – b = -1
7a + 3b = 3
1. x + 3y = -4
y = -x
2. x = y + 4
x+y=6
3. y – x = 4
x = -y – 2
4. 4s – 3t = 8
2s + t = -1
5. 2x + y = 1
3x + y = 4
What you will do
2
Lesson 1
You can solve systems of linear equations in two variables by several methods.
One is by the elimination method using addition. Here you will solve for the value of the
variable in the given system.
5x + 2y = 11 Equation 1
3x – 2y = 13 Equation 2
8x = 24 by addition the variable y is eliminated
x =3 3 is the value of x
Now solve for y: The variable y in the system can be solved by substituting the value of x
in Equations 1 or 2.
Use Equation 1:
5x + 2y = 11
5(3) + 2y = 11 Substitute the value of x
15 + 2y = 11
2y = 11 – 15
2y = - 4
2y = - 4
2 2
y=-2 The value of y is – 2
Check the answer by substituting the values of x and y in the two equations.
Equation 1: Equation 2:
5x + 2y = 11 3x – 2y = 13
5(3) + 2(-2) = 11 3(3) – 2(-2) = 13
15 – 4 = 11 9 + 4 = 13
11 = 11 13 = 13
Since the values of x and y satisfy the two equations, then, the solution of the
system is (3, - 2).
3
In this example, addition of the two equations immediately eliminates one of the
variables. But this is not always the case.
The next example will illustrate that you must multiply one or both of the equations
by a non-zero constant to get an equivalent system before elimination method is applied.
4x + 3y = -1 Equation 1
2x – 5y = 19 Equation 2
Solution:
4x + 3y = -1 Equation 1
- 4x + 10y = -38 Equation 3
13y = -39
y = -39
13
y = -3
4x + 3y = -1
4x + 3(-3) = -1
4x – 9 = -1
4x = -1 + 9
4x = 8
x=8
4
x=2
3x – 5y = 19 Equation 1
4
5x + 2y = 11 Equation 2
It is clear that when you add the two equations, you will not eliminate one of the
variables. Therefore, you must use multiplication to form an equivalent system. The
choice multiplier will depend on the variable you decide to eliminate.
Note that –10 and 10 are equal in absolute values but opposite in sign.
You can now substitute 3 to x in any of the two equations to solve for y. Try using
Equation 2.
5x + 2y = 11 Equation 2
5(3) + 2y = 11
15 + 2y = 11
2y = 11 – 15
2y = - 4
y=-4
2
y = -2
Again, the solution should be checked by substituting 3 for x and 2 for y in the two
equations.
Equation 1 Equation 2
3x – 5y = 19 Substitute 3 for x 5x + 2y = 11
3(3) – 5(-2) = 19 and –2 for y. 5(3) + 2(-2) = 11
9 + 10 = 19 Simplify both 15 – 4 = 11
19 = 19 equations. 11 = 11
Since the solution satisfy both equations, the solution (3, -2) is correct.
The following examples will illustrate two special cases you may encounter while
applying the elimination method.
5
Example 4: Solve by the elimination method:
a. 2x + y = 2 Equation 1
4x + 2y = -5 Equation 2
Solution:
-2(2x + y) = -2(2)
-4x – 2y = - 4 Equation 3
-4x – 2y = - 4 Equation 3
4x + 2y = - 5 Equation 2
0x + 0y = - 9
0=-9
The result 0 = - 9 is a false statement, which means that the system of linear
equation has no solution and is said to be inconsistent.
5x – 7y = 9
15x – 21y = 27
Solution:
The result 0 = 0 is true. When equation 2 is multiplied by –1, you will notice that
you will arrive at equation 3. Such a system of linear equation is said to be dependent.
6
A. Solve the following systems by elimination:
1. x–y=3
x+y=5
2. –x + 2y = 6
x–y=3
3. 2x – y = 4
x+y=5
4. 3x – y = 3
2x + y = 2
5. x+y=4
x–y=6
6. 5x – 2y = 12
3x + 2y = 12
7. 2x – y = 1
-2x + 3y = 5
8. x+y=6
x–y=2
9. x+y=2
2x – y = 4
10. x + y = 7
x–y=-3
A x=5 y = -2
B. Name Game
B x=0 y=0
Do you know the name of the first British woman mathematician on record who was
W xA.D.
a Benedictine nun? She lived from 935 to 1000 = 2 (Source:yMath
= 0 Journal)
O p = 1.4 q = 20.4
1. 5x + 7y = 10
32 9
C x= y =-
19 19
R a = -0.5 b=6
7
S x=1 y = -1
3x – 14y = 6
2. 3x – 2y = 0
6x + 5y = 0
3. 2x – 3y = 16
3x + 4y = 7
4. 5x + 3y = 7
2x + 5y = 1
5. 7x – 2y = 13
5x + 3y = 27
6. 8x – 3y = 11
6x – 5y = 11
7. 3x + 5y = 7
2x – 6y = 11
8. 4x = 6y + 3.8
y – x = 1.3
Answer: ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
5 10 9 8 6 1 7 8 5 3
1. 2x – y = 7
3x + 2y = 0
2. x + y = 7
-3x + 3y = -9
3. x + 3y = -4
x+y=0
4. p + 5q = 5
p + q = -3
8
5. x + 4y = -18
3x + 5y = -19
6. 2x – y = -8
5x + 2y = -20
7. 2x – y = 1
x + 3y = 4
8. 4x – 5y = 22
x + 2y = -1
9. 2x – y = 1
4x – 2y = 2
10. 4x + 3y = 15
2x – 5y = 1
Lesson 2
Example 1:
2x – 3y = -3 Equation 1
y = 2x – 1 Equation 2
2x – 3y = - 3 Equation 1
2x – 3(2x – 1) = - 3 2x – 1 is substituted to y.
2x – 6x + 3 = - 3
- 4x +3 = - 3
- 4x = - 6
x=-6
-4
x=3
9
2
y = 2x – 1 Equation 2
3 3
y = 2( ) – 1 is substituted to x.
2 2
y= 6–1
2
y =3–1
y=2
3
The solution is ( , 2)
2
To check for the result, you substitute these values in equation 1 and you have:
2x – 3y = -3
3 3
2( ) – 3(2) = -3 Substitute to x and 2 to y
2 2
3–6=-3
-3=-3
2x + 3y = 16 Equation1
3x – y = 2 Equation 2
3x – y = 2 Equation 2
- y = -3x + 2
y = 3x – 2 Equation 3.
2x + 3y = 16
2x + 3(3x – 2) = 16
2x + 9x – 6 = 16
11x – 6 = 16
11x = 16 + 6
11x = 22
x=2
10
Now solve for y by substituting the value of x in Equation 3.
Y = 3x – 2
Y = 3(2) – 2
Y=6–2
Y=4
1. 2x + 3y = 7
x=2
2. y=3
3x – 2y = 6
3. y=x–3
x+y=5
4. y=x+2
x+y=6
5. x=y–2
x + 3y = 2
6. 3x + 5y = -6
x = 5y + 3
7. y = 2x + 3
4x – 3y = 1
8. 3x + y = 4
4x – 3y = 1
9. x – 4y = 9
2x – 3y = 11
10. x=y+1
x + 2y = 7
11
This mathematician born in 600 BC was said to be the first mathematician to prove
a theorem. He was also considered the first true mathematician. Who was he?
To find out, solve the following systems of linear equations using the substitution
method. Then match the letter that corresponds to the answer. The letters will spell out
the name of this famous mathematician.
A (-3, -1)
1. x + 2y = 4
x – 3y = -1
B (2, 4)
2. x + 2y = 7 2 1
2x – y = 4 E ( 3 ,
5
)
3. x – 4y = 1
x – 2y = -1
1
F (2, - )
4. x + 2y = 8 3
2x – y = 6
H (3, 2)
5. 3x + 5y = 3
9x – 10y = 4 L (4, 2)
6. x + 3y = -1 S (2, - 1)
3x – 6y = 12
T (2, 1)
The Statue of Liberty in New York, USA was designed by Frederic Auguste
Bartholdi, a French. The statue was unveiled and dedicated on Bedloe’s Island in Upper
New York Bay in 1886. It was declared a national monument in 1924. (Math Journal)
What do you think is the approximate height of the Statue of Liberty in centimeters?
To find out, match the following systems of linear equations with the corresponding
solutions.
a. 3x – 2y = 13 1. x = -2, y = 2
x+y=6
12
4. x = 5, y = 1
b. 2x + 3y = 11
4y – x = 0 6. x = 4, y = 1
c. 2x – y = 7 3. x = 2, y = -3
3x + 2y = 0
5. x = -5, y = 3
d. 4x + y = 5
x–2=0 2. x = 6, y = 4
1. x + y = 3
3x + 2y = 9
2. x + 3y = -4
2y + 3x = 3
3. 2y – 3x = 4
3x = 6
4. y = 3
2x = 5y + 7
5. y – x = 4
x+3=y
6. 5b – 2 = 2a
3a + 6 = 25b
7. 12x + 18y = 12
2x = 2 – 3y
8. –5r + 14t = 13
-9r = -72t
9. 2x – 5y = -1
2x – y = 1
10. x + 3y = 4
y+x=0
13
Let’s Summarize
The following steps are followed in solving a system of linear equations in two
variables:
A. Solving by Elimination:
Steps:
1. Multiply one or both of the equations by a constant so that one of the variables can
be eliminated by addition.
4. Substitute the value found in step 3 in either of the given equations to find the
corresponding value of the remaining variable. The ordered pair formed is the
solution of the system.
5. Check the solution by substituting the pair of values found in step 4 in the other
given equation.
B. Solving by Substitution:
Steps:
2. Substitute the expression obtained in step 1 in the other equation of the system to
get an equation in a one variable.
4. Substitute the value found in step 3 in the equation derived in step 1 to find the
corresponding value of the remaining variable. The ordered pair formed is the
solution of the system.
5. Check the solution by substituting the pair of values found in step 4 in both the
given equations.
14
What have you learned
A. Tell whether the given ordered pairs is the solution of the given system:
1. (-2, 6)
3x + 2y = 6
-3x – y = 0
2. (-6, 4)
x + y = -2
y = x + 10
3. (3, 0)
5x – y = 15
7x + y = 21
4. (5, 7)
7x + y = 42
-3x + y = -8
2
5. (-1, )
3
x – 4y = 13
-x + 6y = -18
1. 5x + 3y = - 9
7x + y = -3
2. x + 2y = 1
3x - 5y = -8
3. 3x + 2y = 40
x – 7y = - 2
4. 2x + 3y = 8
x–y=2
5. 2x + 2y = 3
4y – 5x = 15
15
C. Solve the following by substitution:
1. x – y = 7
y = 2x - 11
2. 2x + 3y = 3
4x = 12y -3
3. 3x + 4y = -3
x + 4y = 1
4. 2x + 3y = 1
x -y=3
5. x + 2y = 4
2x – y = 3
16
Answer Key
A.
1. not a solution
2. solution
3. solution
4. solution
5. solution
B.
1. x = 6, y = 2
2. x = 2, y = 0
3. x = 2, y = 5
4. m = -1, n = -1
5. a = 0, b = 1
C.
1. x = 2, y = -2
2. x = 5, y = 1
3. x = -3, y = 1
1
4. s = , t = -2
2
5. x = 3, y = - 5
A. Solution is:
1. (4, 1)
2. (12, 9)
3. (3, 2)
4. (1, 0)
5. (5, -1)
3
6. (3, )
2
7. (2, 3)
8. (4, 2)
9. (2, 0)
10. (2, 5)
17
B. Name Game:
1. x = 2, y = 0 W
2. x = 0, y = 0 B
3. x = 5, y = -2 A
32 9
4. x = ,y=- C
19 19
5. x = 3, y = 4 H
6. x = 1, y = -1 S
97 19
7. x = ,y=- I
28 28
8. x = -5.8, y = -4.5 T
9. p = 1.4, q = 20.4 O
10. a = -0.5, b = 6 R
Answer: H R O T S W I T H A
5 10 9 8 6 1 7 8 5 3
1. (2, -3)
2. (5, 2)
3. (2, -2)
4. (-5, 2)
5. (2, -5)
6. (-4, 0)
7. (1, 1)
8. (3, -2)
9. infinite number of solutions
10. (3, 1)
Lesson 2
1. (2, 1)
2. (4, 3)
3. (4, 1)
4. (2, 4)
5. (-1, 1)
3 3
6. (- ,- )
4 4
7. (-5, -7)
8. (1, 1)
18
17 7
9. ( ,- )
5 5
10. (3, 2)
1. x = 2, y=1 T
2. x = 3, y=2 H
3. x = -3, y = -1 A
4. x = 4, y=2 L
2 1
5. x = , y= E
3 5
6. x =2, y = -1 S
Answer: T H A L E S
A = no. 4
B = no. 6
C = no. 3
D = no. 3
D.
1. (3, 0)
17 15
2. ( ,- )
7 7
3. (2, 5)
4. (11, 3)
5. no solution
4 6
6. (- , )
7 35
7. dependent, infinite number of solutions
1
8. (-4, -)
2
3 1
9. ( , )
4 2
10. (-2, 2)
A.
19
1. solution
2. solution
3. solution
4. solution
5. not a solution
B. The solution is
1. (0, -3)
2. (-1, 1)
3. (12, 2)
14 4
4. ( , )
5 5
5
5. (-1, )
2
C. The solution is
1. (4, -3)
3
2. ( ,1/2)
4
3. (-2, 3/4)
4. (2, -1)
5. (2, 1)
20