DETAILED LESSON PLAN in Mathematics

Grade 10

Name: Noor, Hanifa S.

Course & Year: BSEd – Mathematics
Date: July 22, 2019

I. Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, 80% of the students should be able to
 Illustrate events, and union and intersection of events
 Solve probabilities of a union of two events and intersection of events
 Show self-reliance in applying the probability in real-world.

II. Subject Matter

Topic: Probability of Compound Events: Union and Intersection of Events
Textbook: K-12 Mathematics Learner’s Manual for Grade 10
K-12 Mathematics Curriculum Guide
Reference: Primer in Statistics, Stat 32/Math 31, First Semester, A.Y. 2014-2015.
Mathematics Dep’t, MSU, Marawi City
Materials: Book, 2D Instructional Material (Coin, Dice, Cards), Chalk, Board, Power
Point presentation
Values: Collaboration and active participation
Ideas: Probability is a branch of Mathematics that deals with calculating the
occurrence of a given event.
Skills: Calculating, interpreting, critical thinking and problem solving.

III. Procedure

A. Learning Activities

Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity

A. Preliminary Activities
Good morning class. Good morning Ma’am.
Yes, Ma’am. And we are fine!
Ahm. Do you have a pleasant day today?

Before we start, may we have a prayer? Who

wants to lead a prayer? (one student volunteer)

Thank you for the prayer. Now I have to check (the student says present when names are
your attendance. Say present when your name called)
is called.
Please pass your assignment. (students pass their assignment)
B. Motivation
Are you familiar with the games of chance? Yes. Maam. Such as lotto? (student 2
Will you give me an example? answered)
You are right. Lotto is a very good example.
Other example? I think a game like the game of a gambler?
(student 3 answered)
Yes. That is also one of the example.
Do you know that the likelihood of winning in How is it Ma’am? (students ask)
any game of chance can be estimated using
probability?
Later on we will discuss it. Do you want know
it? Yes. Maam! We like to know it.

Hmmm. Class? Do you like me to give you an Yes. Maam! And we are excited!
activity? So that you will enjoy?
By the way, this activity requires you to apply
your prior knowledge about probability that has (the students are counting themselves)
been tackled in your previous Math class. I
have to group you into 4. Count from 1 to 4.
And you may find your groupmate. And form
in a circle. You may get an illustration board (the students after finding the group form a
here from my table and a chalk to write down circle)
your answer. The group who has a correct
answer may be given a point. So are you ready?
So I have here some instructional material.
Please listen and observe the representation so (the students listen and observe carefully)
you may answer the problem and got a reward.
The extracurricular activities in which the
senior class at Kananga National High School
participate are shown in the Venn diagram
below. The question is like these.

1. How many students are in the senior

class? Group 1: Isn’t it
Yes, that is correct, you have just 38+30+51+4+10+8+137+67 equals 345?
add all the participants and the non-
participants in the senior class.
Yehey!
2. How many students participate in
athletics? Group 2: Ma’am? 137 + 4 + 10 + 8 equals
Very good. You have a correct 159
answer. Yehey!

3. If a student is randomly chosen,

what is the probability that the Group 3: The total number of students who
student participates in athletics or participate is 38+30+10+4=82. And the total
drama? number who participate in athletics is 159.
So the total number of the students who
participate in athletics or drama is 241.
Yehey!
You get the answer. Your solution
is correct. Group 4: Since the word used here is and, it
 4. If a student is randomly chosen, refers to the intersection of that events in
what is the probability that the Mathematics. The participants of Drama and
student participates only in drama Band intersect at 30 and 10. So the
and band? probability is (30 + 10) 40.

Since it is probability, the total number is

345. So the probability is 40 out of 345.
You have a correct solution. But the
question is about probability. So it
means? Thank you, Ma’am! Yehey!

Very good!

Okay class. Thank you for your participation. We think that it is important because in
So let me ask you. Why do you think is the order for us to know the probability that we
study of probability so important to the could get our gadget for example, we could
advancement of science and technology? answer it by understanding the rules of
Anyone who wants to says their opinion? probability.
Okay thank you for your answer. You will
learn the reasons when you study this lesson.
As you go through this lesson, think of this What is the reason Ma’am?
question, why do you think is the study of (The students are thinking about the topic)
probability important in making decisions in
real life?
C. Developmental Activities
1. Lesson Proper / Fixing Skills
Class? You already discussed about statistics Yes. Ma’am!
during your grade 7 to 10. Right? On grade 7,
you have learned about presenting data? Right?
On grade 8 is about? Probability!
Yes, but on simple probability? Yes, Ma’am. It is on simple probability.
And now another probability to be discussed Compound? Is it higher than simple?
but on compound probability.
Yes.
Probability is a branch of Mathematics that
What is probability by the way? deals with calculating the occurrence of a
given event.
Who can give me an example?
Ma’am. Example, in tossing a die, the
You are right! probability of getting a head is ½.

Anyone? Can you give me another example? The probability of getting 6 dots in a die is 1
out of 6.
Yes, that is correct. Suppose that a coin is
tossed 100 times and fall heads 45 times out of Ma’am? The probability of getting a head is
100, what is the probability of getting a head? 45/100 equals 9/20.

Very good!
Compound Events: Events which consist of
Ahm. What is compound events? Open your more than one outcome are called compound
book on page events. A compound event consists of two or
more simple events.
We have the same definition. The compound
events is composed of more simple events.
If two events, A and B, are mutually
So one of the laws of probability is about exclusive, then the probability that either A
mutually exclusive events, would you like to or B occurs is the sum of their probabilities.
state it to us? Mr./Ms. Student 5? In symbols,
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B)
Mutually exclusive events are events that do
Thank you Mr./Ms. Student 5? By the way not have common sample points, that is, A
class, what is mutually exclusive events? ∩ B = ϕ. In other words, the events cannot
occur simultaneously.
If a card is drawn from an ordinary deck of
playing cards, the probability that it will
Thank you. Would you give me an example? either be an ace or a queen is, by letting A as
an ace and Q as a queen,
P(A) = 4/52, P(Q) = 4/52 and P(A∪Q) =
4/52 + 4/52 = 8/52 = 2/13.
Very good for your solution.
If two events, A and B, are not mutually
exclusive, then the probability that either A
Now what about not mutually exclusive or B occurs is the sum of their probabilities
events? will you please read? decreased by the probability of both
occurring. In symbols,
P(A or B)= P(A)+ P(B) – P(A and B).
Solution: Let A be the event that a heart will
be drawn and let B be the event that a king
Example: if a card is drawn from an ordinary will be drawn. The probability that it will
deck of playing cards, what is the probability either be a heart or a king is equal to P(A∪
that it will either be a heart or a king? B). Note that P(A) = 13/52, P(B) = 4/52 and
P (A ∩ B) = 1/52. Hence,
P(A∪B) = P(A) + P(B) – P (A ∩ B) = 13/52
+ 4/52 – 1/52 = 16/52 = 4/13.
2. Fixing Skills
Now, it’s your turn to answer the questions on
the board.
In the experiment of tossing a die, let E be the
event that an even number of dots come up and
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
F be the event that and odd number of dots will
E = {2, 4, 6}
come up. Then answer P(A∪B)
F = {1, 3, 5}
P(A∪B) = P(A) + P(B) = 3/6 + 3/6 = 1
Yes. Very good student 7. Your answer is
correct.
Solution: Let A be the event of obtaining
Find the probability of obtaining less than 5 less than 5 dots. Then A is the union of
dots when an ordinary die is tossed. mutually exclusive events such as getting 1
dot, getting 2 dots, getting 3 dots and getting
Very good student 8, you also have a correct 4 dots. Then, P(A) = 1/6 + 1/6 + 1/6 + 1/6 =
answer. 4/6 or 2/3.

In tossing a coin twice, what is the probability Solution: P(one head) = 2/4 , P(two heads) =
of getting at least one head? ¼ and P (one head ∪ two heads) = 0 since
an event with one head can never have two
Very good also student 9. You got the correct heads.
answer.
Class? Do you have any clarification about the None so far Ma’am. We understood the
lesson? lesson well.
 3. Generalization
Do you learned our topic today?
What did you learned?
Yes that is the rule of the union in mutually
exclusive events. Any other things you
learned?
Yes, union and intersection of events are the
same in solving its probabilities.
What are the rules we learned today?
The first formula is if it is? What event is it?
And the other one?
Very good. You understand the lesson today
right?
4. Application
Yes. Ma’am. It is simple.
I learned that in getting the union of
probability, we have to know first if it is
mutually or not mutually exclusive events.
The union of the probability of getting an
events is you just have to add their
probabilities.
(Student 10)
In intersection, the rule is like before. Just
add their probabilities to get it.
Ma’am we have, P(A or B)= P(A)+ P(B)
and P(A or B)= P(A)+ P(B) – P(A and B).
If it is mutually exclusive events.
Not mutually exclusive events.
Yes. Ma’am! We merely understand it!
Clubs Queen

In the same group, complete the tasks that I ∪ ∩ ∪ ∩

have to give you. Spade 13/2 0 13/2 1
You only have 10 minutes to complete your 6 6
tasks. King 4/13 1 2/13 0
After 10 minutes, you have to post your work Solution:
on the board. Find the union and intersection of Clubs ∪ Spade = 13/52 + 13/52 = 26/52
the following. Complete the table below.
Clubs ∩ Spade = 0
King ∪ Clubs = 4/52 + 13 / 52 – 1/52 =
Clubs Heart Queen
16/52
∪ ∩ ∪ ∩ ∪ ∩ King ∩ Clubs = 1
Spade Spade ∪ Queen = 13/52 + 4/52 – 1/52 =
Diamond 26/52
King Spade ∩ Queen = 1
King ∪ Queen = 4/52 + 4/52 = 8/52
King ∩ Queen = 0

IV. Evaluation
Consider the situation below and answer the questions that follow.
There are a total of 48 students in Grade 10 Charity. Twenty are boys and 28 are girls.
1. If a teacher randomly selects a student to represent the class in a school meeting, what is
the probability that a
a. boy is chosen? b. girl is chosen?
2. If a committee of 3 students is formed, what is the probability that
a. all are girls? b. two are boys and one is a girl?

V. Assignment
Consider the situation below and answer the questions that follow.
1. A restaurant serves a bowl of candies to their customers. The bowl of candies
Gabriel receives has 10 chocolate candies, 8 coffee candies, and 12 caramel candies.
After Gabriel chooses a candy, he eats it. Find the probability of getting candies with
the indicated flavors.
a. P (chocolate or coffee)
 b. P (coffee or caramel)
c. P (caramel or not coffee)
d. P (chocolate or not caramel)

2. Rhian likes to wear colored shirts. She has 15 shirts in the closet. Five of these are
blue, four are in different shades of red, and the rest are of different colors. What is
the probability that she will wear a blue or a red shirt?