STEP 1: FORMULATING A RESEARCH Michael Edward P.

Buenaflor
PROBLEM
Subject Area

Research
Problem
Research
Methodology
A GOOD RESEARCH PROBLEM IS…
4P’S OF RESEARCH PROBLEM

People Problem

Program Phenomenon
4P’S IN DETAIL
WHAT TO CONSIDER IN SELECTING A RESEARCH
PROBLEM? Interest

Magnitude

Measurement

Expertise

Relevance

Availability of data

Ethical issues
STEPS IN FORMING A RESEARCH
PROBLEM
STEP 1: IDENTIFY A BROAD FIELD OR SUBJECT
AREA OF INTEREST TO YOU.
STEP 2: DISSECT THE BROAD AREA INTO
SUBAREAS.
WHERE CAN I FIND THE
SUBAREAS???
*LITERATURE*
STEP 3: SELECT WHAT IS OF MOST INTEREST TO
YOU.
STEP 4: RAISE RESEARCH QUESTIONS.
STEP 5: FORMULATE
OBJECTIVES.
STEP 6: ASSESS YOUR OBJECTIVES.
STEP 7: DOUBLE-CHECK
MORE ON OBJECTIVES…

1. Specific
MAIN Objective
OBJECTIVE 2. Specific
Objective
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS???
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
- Behavioral statements

RESEARCH QUESTIONS
- questions
PROPERLY WORD YOUR OBJECTIVES

➢ Action-oriented terms.
➢ Must determine your
research classification.
➢ Clear, complete and
able to communicate
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION/ WORKING
DEFINITION ADDRESSES

Ambiguity Day-to-day
meanings

Confusion
WHAT WILL GIVE YOU LIGHT IN SEARCH FOR
YOUR RESEARCH PROBLEM?
REVIEWING LITERATURE
REVIEWING LITERATURE
1 bring clarity and focus to your research
problem;

2 improve your research methodology;

3 broaden your knowledge base in your research

area

4 contextualize your findings.

 BRING CLARITY AND FOCUS TO YOUR RESEARCH
Conceptualize PROBLEM
research problem
clearly and
precisely

RELEVANCE
Areas studied
over and over
again

Gaps and
suggestions for
future researches
 Pitfalls

Problems
Common
methods
BROADEN YOUR KNOWLEDGE BASE IN YOUR
RESEARCH AREA

TOPIC

BASE KNOWLEDGE
CONTEXTUALIZE YOUR FINDINGS

Supports
Compare Contribution
Contradicts
HOW TO WRITE A LITERATURE REVIEW?

1 Searching for the existing literature in your

area of study.
2 Reviewing the selected literature.
3 Developing a theoretical framework.
4 Developing a conceptual framework.
 SEARCHING FOR THE EXISTING LITERATURE IN
YOUR AREA OF STUDY
BOOKS
• Uses catalogues
• Results are from good studies
• May not be up-to-date
JOURNALS
• Contains- up-to-date information
• Keywords option
• Electronic databases
INTERNET
• Immense ease and speed in gathering published research.
• Boolean logic
• “And”, “or”, and “Not”
REVIEWING THE SELECTED LITERATURE

Compile
Outline
What are known?
Synthesis
What are the Per variable?
themes? Per theme? What does the RRL
What are the Skeletal framework tell us?
inconsistencies? What is needed to
What are the gaps? be study?
DEVELOPING A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

PURPOSE
Literature
Review
• Provide Universal or
Specific Information
Theoretical • Focuses your RRL
Framework
 RRL
SOP

TF

Conceptual Framework

DEVELOPING A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Read Literature
Theoretical Framework
Review of Related Literature
Theoretical Framework
Conceptual Framework

IN A NUTSHELL,