PRACTICAL

RESEARCH 1
(CHAPTER 1)
Research is seeing what everybody else has seen and thinking what
nobody else has thought.

- Albert Szent Gyorgyi

DECIDING ON A
RESEARCH
TOPIC/WRITING A
RESEARCH TITLE HOW?

- Looking for a research topic is

similar to shopping.
 High degree of interests and based on
your curiosity

Recommendation on
Consider the needs of other people
how to choose your
research topic
A topic that you are interested to know
more about

Time, Location and Money

 • Title is without a
How to convert doubt that is read the
your research most. Therefore, the
topic into an most important
interesting title? element that defines
the research study.
What to avoid when
creating a title
Avoid unnecessary words
‘’ a study to investigate… Be specific
a review of the ‘’

Avoid including words or Titles do not have to

phrases that will not help adhere to rigid
the reader understand the grammatical or stylistic
purpose of the study standards
Steps to a great title

Summaize the main idea of the paper

A length of 12 words or fewer

Include words that contribute meaning

A great title gives away the ending

A great title says it with a style

Introduction Contains the background of the
information of the research
topic
what is a research
introduction?

Sets the stage for the entire

study

By conveying information
about the research topic
Why is it important?

• Introduction is the initial passage in

your research study

• ‘’Introduction is careful presentation of

the importance and validity of the
research paper’’ – Dr. Alvin Nuqui
GOAL
Convince the readers on the
validity and necessity of the
research study.
TECHNIQUES IN WRITING RESEARCH
INTRODUCTION

1. Deficiencies Model, J.W Crosswell ( 2012)

• The research problem

• Studies that have addressed the problem
• Deficiencies in the study
• The importance of the study
• The purpose statement
2. T.I.O.C, A. Nuque TRENDS
( 2019)

ISSUES

OBJECTIVES

CONTRIBUTIONS
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
• Theories that serve as the building blocks or skeleton for the foundation
or bases of the study
• Theoretical framework strengthens your study
How to write the Examine the research problem and consider the
theoretical key variables in your study
framework?
Review your related literature and choose the
theory applicable to your study.

Discuss the theory and its relation to your present

study

In discussing your theory consider the following:

Title of theory

Author/ Proponent

Theoretical principle

Relationship/relevance to
present study
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Developing Research questions

• Research questions depend on the type

of your research study
• Set the direction as to where your study
will go
• State what you want to accomplish or
achieve in the study
2 PARTS OF S.O.P.

1. General
2. Specific
problem-
problems- stated
sentences as
as questions
opening
2 GENERAL TYPES OF
RESEARCH QUESTIONS

• Non-researchable- questions of value,

answerable by yes or no.

• Researchable- questions of value,

opinions or policy raised to gather data.
Use who, what, when, when, where,
why and how.
HYPOTHESIS
• A prediction of what your study will find
• A tentative prediction about the relationship between two or more
variables under study
• Translates the research question into a prediction about the relationship
 States the
CHARACTERISTIC expected
relationship
S OF A WELL between
variables
STATED
HYPOTHESIS
Testable, in a way
HYPOTHESI
Simple and concise that you can
S
determine it as
true or false

Derived
from the
table
statement
Developing Hypothesis
Null hypothesis – is a typical statistical theory which suggest that no statistical relationship
and significance exists in a set of given single observed variable, between two sets of
observed data and measured.
Generally denoted as Ho.
Uses “No” and “Not”.
SCOPE AND LIMITATION
The scope discusses the inclusion and coverage of you study including
locale and respondents.
The scope and limitation may each be presented in just a paragraph.
The limitation are exclusion from the study that were beyond the
control researcher.
The term “limitation” is used when exclusion of the study were made
and decided by the researcher due to justifiable reasons.
CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK
WHAT IS CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK?
It serves as a representation of the relationship you expect to see
between your variable, or the characteristics or properties that you want
to study.
It can be written or visual and generally developed based on the
literature review of the existing studies about your topic.
DEVELOPING A CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK IN A RESEARCH
1. Choose your research question.
2. Select your independent and dependent variables.
3. Visualize your cause-and-effect relationship.
4. Identify other influencing variables.
SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE
STUDY
WHAT IS SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY?
A written statement that explain why your
research is needed.
It’s a justification of the importance of your
work and impact it has on your research
field, its contribution to new knowledge and
how others will benefit from it.
It has two parts: The introductory statement
and The presentation of the beneficiaries
THINGS TO CONSIDER IN WRITING
SIGNIFICNCE OF THE STUDY
Always refer to the problem statement of the study. This way you can
clearly define the contribution or the significance of your study.
DEFINITION OF
TERMS
• According to Harvard Exterior School,
Definition of terms is an alphabetical list of
important terms or those in used in special
way.
• It is an important part of the research study
because the jargons or terms are clarified
and are clearly defined for the readers of
the paper.
TYPES OF DEFINITION

Conceptual definition
The basic dictionary definition
Universal meaning of the word

Operational definition
How the term is used of applied in
research
WHAT TO DEFINE?
• Important words of the title variable
• Technical terms used in the pape
• Define terms conceptually, operationally or both
TO REMEMBER!

If there are uncommon

Always acknowledge the acronyms, include them, Definitions should be short,
source spell them out and give the clear and unambiguous.
meaning
ANY
QUESTIONS?!!!

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