CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LAB-I

Group 14

Experiment 6

Group Members

2017B3A10692P ARYAN GUPTA

2017B3A10676P SAI SHRAVANTH REDDY

2017B1A10440P AGRAWAL TANMAY MANOJ

2017B4A10800P BHUVESH MITTAL

2017B4A10887P SURAJ JINDAL

Experiment 6 a

PITOT TUBE APPARATUS (LIQUID)

Given

A = 0.1 m2

a = 0.0006157 m2

g = 9.81 m/ s2

Sample Calculations

1. Discharge: Q = A*R/t*100 = 0.1*5/16*100 = 0.0003125 m 3/s

2. Actual Velocity: vact = Q/a = 0.0003125/0.0006157 = 0.50755238 m/s

3. Theoretical velocity: vth = √2gh

v9 = √2*9.81*0.028 = 0.741188 m/s

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 v6 = √2*9.81*0.033 = 0.804649 m/s

v3 = √2*9.81*0.042 = 0.907766 m/s

v0 = √2*9.81*0.05 = 0.990454 m/s

v3 = √2*9.81*0.043 = 0.918510 m/s

v6 = √2*9.81*0.038 = 0.863458 m/s

v9 = √2*9.81*0.031 = 0.779885 m/s

Here vmax = v0 = 0.990454 m/s

So vavg = vmax / 2 = 0.990454/2 = 0.495227 m/s = vth (for a cylindrical pipe)

4. Co-efficient of Pitot tube: Cv = vact /vth = 0.50755238/ 0.495227 = 1.02489

Observation

Table 1: Actual Flow Rate and Actual Velocity Calculations

R (cm) t (sec) Qact Vact

5 16 0.0003125 0.50755238
5 12 0.000416667 0.67673651
5 14 0.000357143 0.58005986

Table 2: Calculation of Velocity and Coefficient of pitot tube

S v9 v6 v3 v0 v3 v6 v9 Vavg = Cv = Vact/Vth
No. Vmax/2
1 0.741188 0.804649 0.907766 0.990454 0.918510 0.863458 0.779885 0.495227 1.02489
2 0.828674 0.939628 1.038797 1.111782 1.066752 0.960281 0.792364 0.555891 1.21739
3 0.767203 0.828674 0.990454 1.038797 1.010069 0.885889 0.792364 0.519399 1.11679
Avg Cv 1.119690

Graph 1: Velocity vs Radius graph

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Result and Discussion

The Coefficient of Pitot Tube is found to be = 1.119060

Ideally, the coefficient should be 1 which means that actual and experimental values are
same. However, we got values to be around 1.1 which implies that there is a small amount of
fluid slips from the sides of the tube.

Conclusion

In all the three different flow rates, we got the maximum velocity at the centre of the
piezometric tube. The velocity then decreases on going both upwards and downwards.
However, the values at the equal pressure head in decreasing and increasing at same pressure
heads are not equal. This is due to fluctuations in flow and the flow may always not be
constantly steady.

The stagnant pressure may always not be constant. Also, there is also friction between pipe
and fluid flow

However, our value came out to be close 1 which is under to experimental limits.

Experiment 6 b

STUDY OF REYNOLDS APPARATUS

Given

Pipe Diameter = 0.013 m

Liquid density at observed temperature (20oC): ρ = 998 kg/m³

Liquid viscosity at the observed temperature: µ = 1.002 x 10-3 kg/m.s

Sample Calculations

Volumetric flow rate for Laminar flow:

Q = V/t = 500*10-6/27 = 1.85185*10-5 m3/s

Velocity

Q/A = u = 4Q/πD² = 4* 1.85185*10-5/3.14*0.013*0.013 = 0.139518 m/s

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Renyolds Number

Re = ρDu/μ = 998∗0.013∗0.139518/1.002∗10−3 = 1806.4911

Result and Discussion

Table 1: Calculation of Renyolds Number

S No Flow regime Volume of Time (sec) Q (m3 /s) Velocity Re

water (m/s)
collected (ml)
1 Laminar 500 27 0.0000185185 0.139517811 1806.4911
2 Transition 500 12.5 0.0000400000 0.301358472 3902.0208
3 Fully 500 6 0.0000833333 0.627830 8129.2099
turbulent

The Reynolds number found are as follows: -

• Laminar Region = 1806.4911

• Transition Region = 3902.0208
• Fully Turbulent Region = 8129.2099

Conclusion

It is evident from the that the experimental values found came out to be in theoretical limits.
The fact that more amount of turbulency is generated when the flow rate is increased leads to
higher viscous losses.