Name : Widi Amani Rafidah

Class : XI-MIPA 1
No.Abs: 28
How Does The Aurora Formed ?

Aurora is a natural display of light in the sky that can be seen with the unaided eye
only at night. An auroral display in the Northern Hemisphere is called the aurora borealis and
in the Southern Hemisphere is called the aurora australis. Auroras are the most visible effect
of the sun's activity on the earth's atmosphere.
Auroral displays are associated with the solar wind, a continuous flow of electrically
charged particles from the sun. When these particles reach the earth's magnetic field, some
get trapped. Many of these particles travel toward the earth's magnetic poles. When the
charged particles strike atoms and molecules in the atmosphere, energy is released. Some of
this energy appears in the form of auroras.
Auroras occur most frequently during the most intense phase of the 11-year sunspot
cycle. During this phase, dark patches on the sun’s surface, called sunspots, increase in
number. Violent eruptions on the sun’s surface, known as solar flares, are associated with
sunspots. Electrons and protons released by solar flares add to the number of solar particles
that interact with the earth’s atmosphere. This increased interaction produces extremely
bright auroras. It also results in sharp variations in the earth’s magnetic field called magnetic
storms. During these storms, auroras may shift from the polar regions toward the equator.
The color of the aurora depends on which atom is struck, and the altitude of the
meeting.
Green - oxygen, up to 150 miles in altitude
Red - oxygen, above 150 miles in altitude
Blue - nitrogen, up to 60 miles in altitude
Purple/violet - nitrogen, above 60 miles in altitude
The Purpose of the Explanation Aurora Text :

To explain the process involved in the formation of a natural aurora phenomena.

The Generic Structures :

1. General Statement (this part consists of a general statement / general introduction of

the phenomenon that we are going to explain)

Aurora is a natural display of light in the sky that can be seen with the unaided
eye only at night. An auroral display in the Northern Hemisphere is called the aurora
borealis and in the Southern Hemisphere is called the aurora australis. Auroras are the
most visible effect of the sun's activity on the earth's atmosphere.

2. Sequenced Explanation (this part explains about some process involved in the
formation of the phenomenon)

Auroral displays are associated with the solar wind, a continuous flow of
electrically charged particles from the sun. When these particles reach the earth's
magnetic field, some get trapped. Many of these particles travel toward the earth's
magnetic poles. When the charged particles strike atoms and molecules in the
atmosphere, energy is released. Some of this energy appears in the form of auroras.
Auroras occur most frequently during the most intense phase of the 11-year
sunspot cycle. During this phase, dark patches on the sun’s surface, called sunspots,
increase in number. Violent eruptions on the sun’s surface, known as solar flares, are
associated with sunspots. Electrons and protons released by solar flares add to the
number of solar particles that interact with the earth’s atmosphere. This increased
interaction produces extremely bright auroras. It also results in sharp variations in the
earth’s magnetic field called magnetic storms. During these storms, auroras may shift
from the polar regions toward the equator.

3. Closing (the concluding paragraph is presented in this part of explanation text even
though it is not a mandatory)

The color of the aurora depends on which atom is struck, and the altitude of
the meeting.
Green - oxygen, up to 150 miles in altitude
Red - oxygen, above 150 miles in altitude
Blue - nitrogen, up to 60 miles in altitude
Purple/violet - nitrogen, above 60 miles in altitude

Language Features :
- Focus on generic, non-human - The use of passive voice
participants - The use of conjunctions of time
- The use of general and abstract and cause
nouns - The use of noun phrases
- The use of action verbs - The use of complex sentences
- The use of simple present tense - The use of technical language