SE 543: ADVANCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Submitted by: Campitan/Macatubal Date: 12/19/2020

Course: MS-CE Submitted to: Engr. Jayvee L. Gagan, MSCE
Title: Bracket and Corbels Assign No.: Compro 1

1. Discuss the analysis and design of the following parts/component of a concrete structure using
Strut-and-Tie method.

Group 1 – Brackets and Corbels (compare the analysis with ACI code method)
Items to be discussed:
a. Applicable concepts of strut-and-tie
b. Design process
c. Alternative design method using ACI Code (if any)
d. Sample problem/s

DISCUSSION:

What are Brackets and Corbels?

 A short and deep member connected to a large rigid member.
 Mostly subjected to a single concentrated load.
 Load is within ‘d’ distance from the face of support.

Provisions for Brackets and Corbels

JMZC Page 1 of 12
 SE 543: ADVANCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Submitted by: Campitan/Macatubal Date: 12/19/2020

Course: MS-CE Submitted to: Engr. Jayvee L. Gagan, MSCE
Title: Bracket and Corbels Assign No.: Compro 1

Structural Action of a Corbel

 A short member that cantilevers out of a column or wall to support a load.

 Built monolithically with the support.
 Span to depth ratio less than or equal to unity.
 Consists of incline compressive strut and a tension tie.

Basic Stresses in Brackets

JMZC Page 2 of 12
 SE 543: ADVANCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Submitted by: Campitan/Macatubal Date: 12/19/2020

Course: MS-CE Submitted to: Engr. Jayvee L. Gagan, MSCE
Title: Bracket and Corbels Assign No.: Compro 1

Basic Stresses in Corbels

Brackets using Strut and Tie Model

Design Process
Strut-and-Tie Approach

JMZC Page 3 of 12
 SE 543: ADVANCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Submitted by: Campitan/Macatubal Date: 12/19/2020

Course: MS-CE Submitted to: Engr. Jayvee L. Gagan, MSCE
Title: Bracket and Corbels Assign No.: Compro 1
1. Determine the bearing plate dimensions.
2. Choose the corbel dimensions.
3. Establish the strut-and-tie model.
4. Determine the required truss forces.
5. Select the tie reinforcement.
6. Design the nodal zones and check the anchorages.
7. Check the struts.
8. Calculate the minimum reinforcement required for crack control.
9. Arrange the reinforcement.

Structural Action of a Bracket

JMZC Page 4 of 12
 SE 543: ADVANCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Submitted by: Campitan/Macatubal Date: 12/19/2020

Course: MS-CE Submitted to: Engr. Jayvee L. Gagan, MSCE
Title: Bracket and Corbels Assign No.: Compro 1

Load Transfer through the D-region

Modes of Failure

 Yield of tension tie.

 Failure of end anchorage of the tension tie, either under the load point or on the column.
 Failure of the compression strut by crushing or shear.
 Local failure under bearing plate.
 Failure due to bearing plate.

JMZC Page 5 of 12
 SE 543: ADVANCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Submitted by: Campitan/Macatubal Date: 12/19/2020

Course: MS-CE Submitted to: Engr. Jayvee L. Gagan, MSCE
Title: Bracket and Corbels Assign No.: Compro 1
ACI Method Approach

1. Compute the distance, a , from the face of the column to V u.

2. Compute the minimum depth,d .
3. Compute the forces on the corbel.
4. Compute the shear friction, A vf .
5. Compute the flexural reinforcement, A f .
6. Compute the Reinforcement, An , for direct tension.
7. Compute the area of the tension-tie reinforcement, A sc.
8. Compute thearea of horizontal stirrups.

Strut-and-Tie Method compared to ACI Method

 Strut-and-Tie method requires more steel in the tension tie.

 Lesser in confining reinforcement than ACI method.
 Strut-and-Tie method considers the effect of the corbel on the forces of the column.
 Strut-and-Tie method could also be used for span to depth ratio greater than unity.
a
 Strut-and-Tie used for corbels that have greater than the limit of 1.0 given in ACI code section
d
a
11.8.1. For >1, the confining stirrups would be more efficient in restraining the splitting of the
d
strut if they were vertical.

JMZC Page 6 of 12
 SE 543: ADVANCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Submitted by: Campitan/Macatubal Date: 12/19/2020

Course: MS-CE Submitted to: Engr. Jayvee L. Gagan, MSCE
Title: Bracket and Corbels Assign No.: Compro 1

Example 1
Design a corbel to support a girder as shown in Figure. The column is 400 mm x 400 mm. A
horizontal force of 100 kN due to creep and shrinkage is created at the welded bearing plate.
Use f’c = MPa and fy = 415 MPa. The girder vertical reactions are Dead load = 135 kN, Live
load = 190 kN. Use the 2010 NSCP.

Solution
Dead load = 135 kN
Live load = 190 kN
T = 100 kN

bw = column width
bw = 400 mm

Vu = 1.2 DL + 1.6 LL
Vu = 1.2 (135) + 1.6 (190)
Vu = 466 kN

Bearing plate:
Φ = 0.65

Vu
Aplate =
Φ o .85 f ’ c
JMZC Page 7 of 12
 SE 543: ADVANCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Submitted by: Campitan/Macatubal Date: 12/19/2020

Course: MS-CE Submitted to: Engr. Jayvee L. Gagan, MSCE
Title: Bracket and Corbels Assign No.: Compro 1

466,000
Aplate =
(0.65)(0.85)(34)

Aplate = 24,807 mm2

Aplate = bw x B
24,807 = 400 x B
B = 62 mmm say 65 mm

Determine shear span av with 25 mm maximum clearance at beam end. Beam reaction is assumed at
third point of bearing plate to stimulate rotation of supported girder and triangular distribution of
stress under bearing plate.

2
av = 25 + (65) = 68.73 mm say 70 mm
3

Design of corbel:

In all design calculations in accordance with 411.10, Φ shall be taken equal to 0.75 (Section
411.10.3.1)

Φ = 0.75
Vu 466
Vn = Vn =
Φ 0.75

Vn = 621.333 kN

For normal weight concrete, Vn shall not exceed the smallest of 0.2 f’c bw d, (3.3 x 0.08 f’c) bw d,
and 11 bw d. (Section 411.10.3.2.1)

Vn = 0.2(34) bw d = 6.8 bw d
Vn = [3.3 + 0.0 08(34)] bw d = 6.02 bw d governs
Vn = 11 bw d

Vn = 6.02 bw d 621.333 = 6.02(400) d

d = 258 mm

JMZC Page 8 of 12
 SE 543: ADVANCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Submitted by: Campitan/Macatubal Date: 12/19/2020

Course: MS-CE Submitted to: Engr. Jayvee L. Gagan, MSCE
Title: Bracket and Corbels Assign No.: Compro 1

1
h = 258 + (28) + 10 = 282 mm say 290 mm
2
1
d = 290 - (28) – 10 = 266 mm
2

av
=0.263 ˂1 OK Section 411.10.1
d

Consider T as live load (Section 411.10.3.4)

Nuc = 1.6 (T) = 1.6(100)

Nuc = 160 kN < Vu OK Section 411.10.1

Nuc ≥ (0.2 Vu = 93.2 kN) OK Section 411.10.1

Tension reinforcement Section 411.10.3.4

Nuc 160,000
An = An =
Φfy 0.75(415)

An = 514 mm2

Shear reinforcement (Section 411.8.4.1):

µ = 1.4λ = 1.4 (1) = 1.4 Section 411.8.4.1

Vu 466 , 000
Avf = Avf =
Φfy 0.75 ( 415 ) (1.4)

Avf =1,069 mm2

Flexural reinforcement (Section 411.10.3):

Mu = Vu av + Nuc ( h -d ) Mu = 466,000 (70) + 160,000 (290 – 266)
Mu = 36.46 kN-m

Mu = Φ Af fy (d – a/2) take d -a/2 = 0.9d (conservatively)

JMZC Page 9 of 12
 SE 543: ADVANCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Submitted by: Campitan/Macatubal Date: 12/19/2020

Course: MS-CE Submitted to: Engr. Jayvee L. Gagan, MSCE
Title: Bracket and Corbels Assign No.: Compro 1
36.46 x 106 = 0.75 Af (415)(0.9 x 266)
Af = 489 mm2

Area of primary reinforcement (Section 411.10.3.5)

Area of primary tension reinforcement A sc shall not be less than the larger of (Af
+ An) and (2Avf /3 + An).

Asc = Af + As = 1,003 mm2

2
Asc = Avf + An = 1,227 mm2 governs
3

1,227
Using 28 mm bar, N = π = 1.99 say 2 bars
(28)2
4
Area of closed stirrups, Ah (Section 411,10.4)
Ah =0.5 ( Asc – An ) Ah = 0.5 ( 1,227 – 514 )
Ah = 357 mm2
Using 10 mm stirrups:
π
Av = 2 x (10)2 = 157 mm2
4
Ah 357
N= = = 2.3 say 3 bars
Av 157

Distribute Ah uniformly within (2/3) d adjacent to primary

Tension reinforcement (section 411.10.4)

JMZC Page 10 of 12
 SE 543: ADVANCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Submitted by: Campitan/Macatubal Date: 12/19/2020

Course: MS-CE Submitted to: Engr. Jayvee L. Gagan, MSCE
Title: Bracket and Corbels Assign No.: Compro 1

JMZC Page 11 of 12