Mahatma Gandhi Mission's

College of Engineering and Technology,

Noida.
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Subject- Electrical Machine & Control System Subject Code-NEE 409

YEAR-IIND SEM: IVTH

QUESTION BANK
UNIT I
SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER & DC MACHINE

Que1.Draw and Explain the no load and full load phasor diagram for a single phase transformer?

Que 2. Explain why the hysteresis and eddy current losses occur in the transformer. How does
change in frequency affect the operation of given transformer?

Que3. Explain the basic principle of operation of Auto-transformer. Give its application?

Que.4. Give the general layout of electrical power system. Explain function of each element. Also
give standard transmission voltage in practice in India?

Que5. Explain magnetic and electric circuit. Give analogy between them?

Que6. Derive an emf expression of power transformer. Also draw an equivalent circuit of it?

Que7. Explain the fallowing for single phase transformer (1) phasor diagram for inductive load (2)
Equivalent circuit?

Que8. Define hysteresis loss. What are the factors affecting hysteresis loss?

Que9. Define magneto motive force (mmf), Reluctance, magnetic flux density and magnetizing
force in a magnetic circuit?

Que10. Discuss the various losses that take place in a practical transformer?

Que11.Draw and Explain the B-H Curve for air and a magnetic material?

Que12. What is an electrical shock? Explain the elementary first aid against the shock.

Que13. Why proper earthing is necessary? What is the importance of earth’s resistance value?

Que14. Write detailed note on the importance of electrical safety issues?

Que15. A circular ring of mean length 4 cm and of cross-sectional area 10cm 2 has an air gap 0.4 mm
long. The relative permeability of iron is 1000. The ring is a wound with a coil of 2000 turns.
Determine the flux in the air gap, if the coil carries a current of 2Ma. Also find the inductance of the
coil?

Que 16. A transformer has a primary winding of 600 turns and secondary winding of 150 turns.
When the load current on the secondary is 60A at 0.8 power factor lagging, the primary current is
20A at 0.707 power factor lagging. Determine the no-load current of the transformer and its phase
with respect to the voltage?

Que17. Explain the operation of single phase transformer at load? A single phase 10KVA,
11000/220V transformer has core loss 300W at rated voltage and copper loss 400W at full load. Find
the efficiency of transformer feeding to a load 8KVA at 0.8 p.f. lagging. What will be the maximum
efficiency of the transformer?

Que18. Explain the principle of operation of a single phase transformer? A 230/460V Transformer
has a primary resistance of 0.2Ω and a reactance of 0.5Ω and the corresponding values for the
secondary are 0.75Ω and 1.8Ω respectively. Find the secondary terminal voltage when supplying (1)
10A at 0.8 p.f. lagging (2) 10A at p.f. 0.8 leading.

Que19 Prove that for a single phase transformer: LOAD

(KVA)at max = (KVA)rated

Q.20 A single phase 220V/110, 5 kVA, transformer has efficiency of 96% on full load at unity p.f.
and 95% on half load at unity p.f. Determine for full load condition , iron loss and copper loss of the
transformer .Also determine efficiency on full load when p.f. is 0.8 lagging.

Q.21 The iron loss and full load copper loss of a 1000kva 6600/400 volts single phase transformer
are 600W and 900W .calculate the efficiency at full load and half load, at 0.8pf lag. Calculate the
load at which maximum efficiency is obtained and its magnitude at some power factor.

Q.22 The primary and secondary winding of a 500kva transformer have resistances of 0.42 ohm and
0.0011 ohm respectively. The primary and secondary voltage are 6600V and 400V respectively. The
iron loss is 2.9kw.calculate the efficiency on 1. Full load and 2. Half load assuming the power factor
of the load to be 0.8 lagging.

Q.23 A single phase 100KVA, 3.3kv/230v, 50Hz transformer has 89.5%efficiency at 0.85 lag p.f.
both at full load and also at half load. Determined the efficiency of the transformer at 75% load and
0.9 lead p.f.

Q.24 A 40kVA transformer has a core loss of 400watts and full- load copper loss of 800 watts if
the power factor of the load is 0.9 lagging, calculate.1. The full load efficiency and 2.percentage of
the full load at which the maximum efficiency occurs.
 Q.25 List various losses occurring in a transformer and mention the condition for the maximum
efficiency. In a 25kVA, 2000V/200V transformer the iron and copper losses are 200W and 400W
respectively. Calculate the efficiency at half load and 0.8 power factor lagging determine also the
maximum efficiency and corresponding load

1. The primary and secondary winding of a 500kva transformer have resistances of 0.42 ohm and
0.0011 ohm respectively. The primary and secondary voltage are 6600V and 400V respectively. The
iron loss is 2.9kw.calculate the efficiency on 1. Full load and 2. Half load assuming the power factor
of the load to be 0.8 lagging.

UNIT II
SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR, SINGLE & THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

Que1. Explain the principle of operation of an induction motor. What is meant by slip? Derive an
expression for the frequency of rotor current in an Induction motor?

Que 2. Why single phase induction motor is not self starting? Explain any one method to start it and
give the procedure to reverse the direction of rotation?

Que3. Explain principle of operation of Alternator? Give applications of synchronous motor?

Que.4 Explain working of different parts of D.C. machine. Derive emf equation across the armature
terminals of D.C. generator?

Que5. Explain the speed-torque characteristics of a DC shunt and DC series motors?

Que6. Three-phase induction motor is self starting but three phase synchronous motor is not self
starting? Explain, Why?

Que7. Discuss the principle of operation of single phase induction motor?

Que8. Draw torque slip characteristics of three phase induction machine. Draw it for different rotor
resistances?

Que9. Explain load characteristics of DC generators. Why terminal voltage falls by increasing the
load?

Que10. Using double –revolving field theory, explain the principle of operation of a single phase
induction motor?

Q.11 An 8-pole, 50Hz, 3 phase induction motor has rotor resistance and stand still reactance of 0.5Ω
and 5Ω respectively. Calculate (1) The speed at which the torque is maximum (2) The ratio of
maximum torque to starting torque (Neglect stator impedance)?

Q.12 A 20kw, 200V shunt generator has an armature resistance of 0.05Ω and a shunt field resistance
of 200 Ω. Calculate the power developed in the armature when it delivers rated output .Give sketch.
Q.13 A 4-pole dc shunt generator with lap- connected armature has field and armature resistances of
80Ω and 0.1 Ω respectively .it supplies power to 50 lamps rated for 100 volts ,60 watts each
.calculate the total armature current and the generated emf by allowing a contact drop of 1 volt per
brush.

Q.14 A 200V dc series motor runs at 500rpm when taking a current of 25A. The resistance of the
armature is 0.5Ω and that of the field is 0.3Ω. If the current remains constant, calculate the
resistance necessary to reduce the speed up to250rpm.

Q.15 A 3 phase 4 pole induction motor is running with 4% slip. The supply frequency is 50Hz. find
out the speed of induction motor.

Q.16 A three- phase, 50Hz induction motor has a full load speed of 1146 rpm .calculate slip, number
of poles and frequency of rotor induced emf.

Q.17 A-12 pole alternator is coupled to an engine running at 500 rpm. It supplies a 3 phase induction
motor having full load speed at 1440 rpm .Find percentage slip and number of poles of the motor.

Q.18 A 3 phase 4 pole induction motor is supplied from 3 phase, 50Hz ac supply. Calculate :(1) the
synchronous speed (2) the rotor speed when slip is 4% (3) the rotor Frequency when rotor run at
600rpm.

Q.19 A 12 pole three phase alternator is coupled to an engine running at 500 rpm. It supplied a 3-
phase induction motor having a full load speed of 1440 rpm. Find the percentage slip, frequency of
rotor current and number of poles of the motor.

Q.20 A 3-phase slip-ring, 4-pole induction motor has rotor frequency of 2 Hz while connected to
400V, 3-phase, and 50HZ supply. Determine slip and rotor speed.

Q21. A 4-pole, 3-phase induction motor is energized from 60 HZ supply, and it is running at a load
condition for which the slip is 0.03. Determine (a) Rotor speed, in rpm (b) Rotor current frequency,
in Hz (c) Speed of the rotor’s rotating magnetic field with respect to the stator frame, in rpm.

Q22. A three –phase, 50 Hz induction motor has a full-load speed of 960 rpm. Calculate: (a) Slip (b)
frequency of rotor induced emf (c) Number of poles (d) Speed of rotor field with respect to rotor
structure (e) Speed of rotor field with respect to stator field?
 Mahatma Gandhi Mission's
College of Engineering and Technology,
Noida.
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Subject- Electrical Machine & Control System Subject Code-NEE 409

YEAR-IIND SEM: IVTH

QUESTION BANK

UNIT III
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF SYSTEM, FORCE-VOLTAGE & FORCE-CURRENT
ANALOGOUS CIRCUIT, & ITS DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

PART-A [2 MARKS]

1. What is a block diagram

2. What is system?
3. What is control system?
4. Define open loop and closed loop systems.
5. State principle of superposition theorem.
6. What is time variant and Time invariant?
7. Define transfer function.
8. Name the test signals used in time response analysis.
9. What are static error constants?
10. Define position, velocity error constants.
11. State and prove D‘ALambert’s Principle
12. Define characteristic equation of a transfer function
13. Define poles and zeros of transfer functions.
14. Derive the expression for closed loop transfer function
15. Name the major parts of a closed loop control system
1. Write the differential equations governing the Mechanical system shown in fig 1.1.and
determine the transfer function.
 X1 X
B
K1 f (t)
M1 M2

K
B1 B2

2. Determine the transfer function Y2(S)/F(S) of the system shown in fig.

K1 f (t)
B

M1
y1

K2

M2
y2

3. Write the differential equations governing the Mechanical rotational system shown in fig.
Draw the Torque-voltage and Torque-current electrical analogous circuits.

K1
B2 K3
J1 J2 J3

B1
T
Determine the overall transfer function C(S)/R(S) for the system shown in fig.

H2
 4.
C(S)
R(S)
+ + G4
G1 G2 G3
-
+

H1

5. Obtain the closed loop transfer function C(S)/R(S) of the system whose block diagram is shown in
fig.
H2

R(S)
+ +
G1 G2 G3 C(S)
+ +
-
+

H1

G4
6. Write the differential equations governing the mechanical systems shown below. Draw the force-
voltage and force-current electrical analogous circuits and verify by writing mesh and node equations.

X X
V K
V K
M M
B B12 B2

(II)Derive the transfer function for Field controlled DC motor.

11. (i) Explain DC servo motor.

(ii)Explain the working of AC servomotor in control systems.

12. (i) Explain Synchros and its types.

(ii)Write the rules for block diagram reduction techniques.

13. Write the differential equations describing the dynamics of the system shown in fig. and also Draw
the analogous electrical circuit of the system shown in fig. Use f-V analogy.

14. Draw the mechanical equivalent network , write the systems equations and Draw the electrical
analogous circuit (use f-V) analogy and derive their transfer functions.
 15. Show that the system shown in fig. are analogous system

16. Determine the transfer function of the following figures

a) b)

UNIT –IV

TIME RESPONSE OF SECOND ORDER SYSTEM, R-H STABILITY CRIETERIA, POLAR &
NYQUIST PLOT

PART-A [2 MARKS]

1. What is time response?

2. What is transient response?
3. What is steady state response?
4. Name the test signals used in time response analysis.
5. What is damped frequency of oscillation?
6. List the time domain specifications.
7. Define rise time, delay time.
8. What are static error constants?
9. Define position, velocity error constants.
10. Define velocity error constants.
11. Define damping ratio.
12. What is frequency response analysis?
13. What is Nichol’s chart?
14. Define gain cross over frequency?
15. Define Phase crosses over frequency?
16. Define Phase Margin?
17. Define Gain Margin?
18. List the Frequency domain specifications?
19. What is corner frequency?
20. What is Band width?

PART B

1. (a) Derive the expressions and draw the response of first order system for unit step input.
(b) Draw the response of second order system for critically damped case and when input is unit step.
2. Derive the expressions for Rise time, Peak time, Peak overshoot, delay time

3. A positional control system with velocity feedback is shown in fig. What is the response of the
system for unit step input?
 100
+ C(S)
s (s+2)
R(S)
-
0.1s + 1

4. (i) Measurements conducted on a Servomechanism show the system response to be c (t)

-60t –10 t
=1+0.2 ê -1.2 ê . when subjected to a unit step. Obtain an expression for closed loop
transfer function.

(ii). A positional control system with velocity feedback is shown in fig. What is the response c (t) to
the unit step input? Given that ς =0.5.and also calculate rise time, peak
Time, Maximum overshoot and settling time.

16
R(S) + C(S)
s (s+0.8)
-
Ks + 1
5. (i) A unity feedback control system have an open loop transfer function
G(S) = 10/S(S+2) .Find the rise time, percentage over shoot, peak time and settling time.
2 2
(ii) A closed loop servo is represented by the differential equation d c/dt +8 dc/dt = 64 e Where c is
the displacement of the output shaft r is the displacement of the input shaft and e= r-c. Determine
undamped natural frequency, damping ratio and percentage maximum overshoot for unit step
input.

6. For a unity feedback control system the open loop transfer function
2
G(S) = 10(S+2)/ S (S+1) .Find (a) position, velocity and acceleration error constants. (b)
2 3
The steady state error when the input is R(S) where R(S) =3/S –2/S +1/3S

7. The open loop transfer function of a servo system with unity feedback system is
G(S) = 10/ S (0.1S+1).Evaluate the static error constants of the system. Obtain the steady state
2
error of the system when subjected to an input given Polynomial r (t) = a0 +a1t +a2 /2 t

8. The unity feedback system is characterized by an open loop transfer function is

G(S) = K / S(S+10).Determine the gain K, so that the system will have a damping ratio of
0.5. For this value of K, determine settling time, Peak overshoot and time to Peak overshoot for
a unit-step input.

9. (i) For a servomechanisms with open loop transfer function(S) =10/(S+2) (S+3).What type of
input signal gives constant steady state error and calculate its value.

(ii) Find the static error coefficients for a system whose G(S) H(S) =10/ S (1+S) (1+2S) and also
2
find the steady state error for r (t) =1+ t + t /2.

10. (i) obtain the response of unity feedback system whose open loop transfer function is
G(S) = 4 / S (S+5) and When the input is unit step.

(ii) A unity feedback system has an amplifier with gain KA=10 and gain ratio G(S) = 1 / S (S+2)
in the feed forward Path .A derivative feedback ,H(S)=S KO is introduced as a minor loop
around G(S).Determine the derivative feedback constant ,KO ,so that the system damping
factor is 0.6
11. Plot the Bode diagram for the following transfer function and obtain the gain and phase cross
over frequencies. G(S) = 10/ S (1+0.4S) (1+0.1S)

12. The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is G(S) = 1/ S (1+S) (1+2S).
Sketch the Polar plot and determine the Gain margin and Phase margin.

13. Sketch the Bode plot and hence find Gain cross over frequency, Phase cross over
Frequency, Gain margin and Phase margin.
G(S) = 0.75(1+0.2S)/ S (1+0.5S) (1+0.1S)

14. Sketch the Bode plot and hence find Gain cross over frequency, Phase cross over
frequency, Gain margin and Phase margin.
 2
G(S) = 10(S+3)/ S(S+2) (S +4S+100)

15. Sketch the polar plot for the following transfer function .and find Gain cross over frequency
, Phase cross over frequency, Gain margin and Phase margin.
2
G(S) = 10(S+2) (S+4)/ S (S -3S+10)
2
16. Construct the polar plot for the function GH(S) =2(S+1)/ S . Find Gain cross over frequency
, Phase cross over frequency, Gain margin and Phase margin.

17. Plot the Bode diagram for the following transfer function and obtain the gain and phase cross
2
over frequencies G(S) =KS / (1+0.2S) (1+0.02S).Determine the value of K for a gain cross
over frequency of 20 rad/sec.

18. Sketch the polar plot for the following transfer function .and find Gain cross over
frequency, Phase cross over frequency, Gain margin and Phase margin.
G(S) = 400/ S (S+2) (S+!0)

19. A unity feedback system has open loop transfer function G(S) = 20/ S (S+2) (S+5).Using
Nichol’s chart. Determine the closed loop frequency response and estimate all the frequency
domain specifications.

20. Sketch the Bode plot and hence find Gain cross over frequency, Phase cross over
frequency, Gain margin and Phase margin.
G(S) = 10(1+0.1S)/ S (1+0.01S) (1+S).

21. Draw the Nyquist plot for the system whose open loop transfer function is
G(S) H(S) =K/S (S+2) (S+10).Determine the the range of K for which closed loop system is
stable.

22. Construct Nyquist plot for a feedback control system whose open loop transfer function is given
by G(S)H(S) =5/ S(1-S).Comment on the stability of open loop and closed loop transfer function.

23. Sketch the Nyquist plot for a system with the open loop transfer function
G(S) H(S) =K (1+0.5S) (1+S) / (1+10S) (S-1).determine the range of values of K for which the
system is stable.
24. Draw the Nyquist plot for the system whose open loop transfer function is
G(S) = K / S (S+2) (S+10).Determine the range of k for which closed loop system is stable.
25. Sketch the Nyquist Plot for a system with the open loop transfer function
G(S) H(S) = K (1+0.5S) (1+S) / (1+10S) (S-1). Determine the range of k for which closed loop
system is stable.
26. Construct Nyquist Plot for a system with the open loop transfer function
G(S) H(S) = 5 / S (1-S).Comment on the stability of open loop and closed loop
system.

27.By Nyquist stability criterion determine the stability of closed loop system, whose open loop
transfer function is given by, G(S) H(S)= (s+2)/(s+1)(s-1).

28. (i) Construct Routh array and determine the stability of the system represented by the
 5 4 3 2
characteristics equation S +S +2S +2S +3S+5=0.Comment on the location of the roots of
characteristic equation.
(ii) Construct Routh array and determine the stability of the system represented by the
7 6 4 3 2
characteristics equation S +9S +24S +24S +24S +23S+15=0comment on the location of the
roots of characteristic equation.

UNIT –V

ROOT LOCUS PLOT & P, PI, PID, PD controllers

PART-A [2 MARKS]
1. What is root locus?
2. What is an asymptote?
3. What is the necessary condition for stability?
4. What is characteristic equation?
5. What is centroid?
6. Define stability.
7. What do you mean by dominant pole?
8. What is an impulse response?
9. What is Routh stability criterion?
10. What is break-in point?
PART B

1. (i) Using Routh criterion determine the stability of the system whose characteristics
4 3 2
equation is S +8S +18S +16S+5 =0.
6 5 4 3 2
(ii).F(S) = S +S -2S -3S -7S -4S-4 =0.Find the number of roots falling in the RHS plane and
LHS plane.

2. A unity feedback control system has an open loop transfer function

2
G(S) = K / S (S +4S+13).Sketch the root locus.

3. Sketch the root locus of the system whose open loop transfer function is
G(S) = K / S (S+2) (S+4).Find the value of K so that the damping ratio of the closed loop
system is 0.5

4. A unity feedback control system has an open loop transfer function

2
G(S) = K (S+9) / S (S +4S+11).Sketch the root locus.

5. Sketch the root locus of the system whose open loop transfer function is
2
G(S) = K / S (S+4) (S +4S+20).

6. A Unity feedback control system has an open loop transfer function

G(S) = K (S+1.5) / S (S+1) (S+5).Sketch the root locus.

11. (i) Explain P, PI, PID, PD controllers

(ii) Derive the expressions for second order system for under damped case and when the input is
unit step.