Evolution du RTPC au NGN

Soft switch
Échange de péage
Packet core
en tandem
network

LE LE

IN NMS App Server Policy Service

Soft switch
Soft switch
Packet core
ISUP SG network

STP
TMG WMG
switch
AMG
RTPC IAD Réseau Mobile
PC SIP
Phone Phone
NGN – Protocoles

IN OSS AppServer Location Server

MRS
SNMP/MML PARLAY/
SIP TRIP

INAP MGCP/H248/SIP
SIP-T/BICC/H.323
Softswitch
M3UA/SCTP Softswitch

SG H.248
H.248
M2UA/SCTP
ISUP Packet Core Network

H.248/MGCP
TMG
STP MGW
switch SIP/
H.323
RPTC Réseau
Mobile Terrestre
AMG
IAD
Soft-phone
NGN – Protocoles

IN OSS AppServer Location Server

MRS
SNMP/MML PARLAY/
SIP TRIP

INAP MGCP/H248/SIP
SIP-T/BICC/H.323
Softswitch
M3UA/SCTP Softswitch

SG H.248
H.248
M2UA/SCTP
ISUP Packet Core Network

H.248/MGCP
TMG
STP MGW
switch SIP/
H.323
RPTC Réseau
Mobile Terrestre
AMG
IAD
Soft-phone
 End-to-end digital signalling

User interface PSTN Network User interface

Q.931 Q.931 ISUP SS7 ISUP Q.931 Q.931

DSS1 MTP 3 MTP 3 DSS1

Q.921 Q.921 MTP 2 MTP 2 Q.921 Q.921

I.430 I.430 MTP 1 MTP 1 I.430 I.430

contains the signalling messages for call control

SS7 Signaling
Service Service
ISUP Messages +
Control Data
INAP/TCAP Messages Point Point

Signal
Transfer Control Layer
Point

Intelligent Transport Layer

Peripheral

Class 4
Class 5
Tandem Switch
End Office Switch

Circuit Switched Network

 5 Basic Components in
Intelligent Networks
SSP/Service Switching Point
switching, service invocation
STP/Service Transfer Point
signal routing
SCP/Service Control Point SCP SDP
service logic execution TCAP messages

SDP/Service Data Point IP

STP STP

subscriber data storage, access

SSP SSP
ISUP messages
IP/Intelligent Peripheral
Voice
resources such as customized
voice announcement, voice
recognition, DTMF digit
collection
 Signalling example

Tokyo Exch Oulu

User A Exch User B

(calling Exch (called
user) user)
London

Database

A typical scenario:
User A calls mobile user B. The call is routed to a specific
gateway exchange (GMSC) that must contact a database
(HLR) to find out under which exchange (MSC) the mobile
user is located. The call is then routed to this exchange.
Signaling Link Selection (SLS)
The particular signaling link to be used
 Same SPCs can be reused at different
network levels

International
SPC = 277

National SPC = 277

SPC = 277 means different signalling points (network elements)

at different network levels.

The Service Information Octet (SIO) indicates whether the DPC

and OPC are international or national signalling point codes.

F CK SIF SIO LI Control F

 ISDN User Part (ISUP)
ISUP is a signalling application protocol that is used for establishing
and releasing circuit-switched connections (calls).

• Only for signalling between exchanges (ISUP can never be

used between an exchange and a stand-alone database)

• Not only for ISDN (=> ISUP is generally used in the PSTN)

Structure of ISUP message:

SIO (one octet)

Routing label (four octets)
CIC (two octets) Must always be included in ISUP message
Message type (one octet) E.g., IAM message
Mandatory fixed part
Mandatory variable part E.g., contains called (user B) number in
Optional part IAM message
 The ISDN User Part (ISUP)
ISUP
The most-used SS7 application
The establishment and release of telephone calls
IAM
Called number, calling number, transmission
requirement, type of caller, …
ACM
The call is through-connected to the destination
A one-way-audio path is opened for ring-back tone
Optional
If not returned, no ring-back tone at all
 CPG, Call Progress
Optional; provide information to the calling switch
ANM, Answer Message
Open the transmission path in both directions
Instigate charging for the call
REL, Release
RLC, Release Complete
CIC, circuit identification Code
Indicates the specific trunk between two
switches
OPC, DPC, and CIC
 Difference between SLS and CIC

The four-bit signalling link selection (SLS) field in the routing

label defines the signalling link which is used for transfer of the
signalling information.

The 16-bit circuit identification code (CIC) contained in the

ISUP message defines the TDM time slot or circuit with which
the ISUP message is associated.

Signalling link
STP

Exchange Exchange

Circuit
 Signalling using IAM message

STP
STP
SL 4
SL 7

SPC = 82 SPC = 22 Circuit SPC = 60

20
Circuit
14
Exchange Exchange Exchange

Outgoing message: Processing in (transit) exchange(s):

OPC = 82 CIC = 14 Received IAM message contains B-number.
DPC = 22 SLS = 4 Exchange performs number analysis (not part of
ISUP) and selects new DPC (60) and CIC (20).
ISUP message format
Signalling Connection Control Part (SCCP)
SCCP is required when signalling information is carried between
exchanges and databases in the network.

An important task of SCCP is global title translation (GTT):

STP with GTT capability

Exchange STP Database

1. Exchange knows the global title (e.g. 0800 number or IMSI

number in a mobile network) but does not know the DPC of
the database related to this global title.
2. SCCP performs global title translation in the STP (0800 or
IMSI number => DPC) and the SCCP message can now be
routed to the database.
 Example: SCCP usage in mobile call
Mobile switching center (MSC) needs to contact the home location
register (HLR) of a mobile user identified by his/her International
Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) number.

SCCP/GTT functionality

STP

SCCP SPC = 32 SCCP

MSC located in Espoo HLR located in Oslo

SPC = 82 SPC = 99

Outgoing message: Processing in STP:

OPC = 82 DPC = 32 Received message is given to SCCP for GTT.
SCCP: IMSI global title SCCP finds the DPC of the HLR: DPC = 99
In the following two figures, what's the
DPC and OPC of the messages?
SS7 Linksets & Link Codes
Linksets

SLC=0 STP
SSP A SLC=1

C
F
SLC=0 SLC=0
SLC=1

SLC=1 STP

SSP Combined
Linkset

Linkset
 MTP3-STP Message Routing

SS7 Link STP SS7 Link

Incoming Outgoing
Messages DPC Messages

DPC - Destination
Point Code
Routing Tables

DPC X-Y-Z - Take Route 1

DPC A-B-C - Take Route 2
DPC is my own - Go to Global Title Translation Table
 SS7 Protocol Stack

MAP INAP DTAP OSI Reference Model

TCAP ISDN User Application

Non-Circuit Applications Part (ISUP)
Circuit-Related
Null Services

Enhanced addressing,
SCCP
Connectionless/connection oriented services

Network
Message Discrimination/Distribution/Routing,
Level 3
Network Network Management

MTP Level 2
Link SU Delimitation/Alignment, Error detection/Correction,
retransmission, SUERM, Alignment, Flow Control Data Link
Level 1 Data Link Link connection, bit rate, voltages Physical
SCCP - Signaling Connection Control Part
MTP - Message Transfer Part
 Protocol - Network Elements
SCCP SCCP

MTP L3 MTP L3
TCAP MTPL2 MTPL2 ISUP
ISUP MTP MTP
MTPL1 MTPL1
Null STP STP
SCCP
SCCP

MTP L3
MTP L3
MTPL2
MTPL2 MTP
MTP MTPL1
MTPL1

SSP CCSSO
STP STP
SCCP TCAP
SCCP

MTP L3 Null
MTP L3
MTPL2 SCP
MTPL2 MTP SCCP
MTP MTPL1
MTPL1
MTP L3
MTPL2
MTP
MTPL1
 Load Sharing
SLS – XXX0 SLS – XX00 SLS -
STP LS 0 STP
B D
LS 0 LS 1
SLS – XX10

A LS 0 F

STP STP
SLS – XXXX
LS 1 C E
LS 1
SLS – XXX1

1. Node A assigns a unique 4 bit SLS code XXXX

2. Node A uses the Bit number3(0—3) (LSB) to do the decision on link selection
0->LS0 and 1->LS1 .The bit used for selection is configurable at each node.
3 Node B and C will need to have make the decision on other bit (bit 2) to conserve
the load sharing
 Routesets
1-1-1 1-1-2 1-1-3 3-3-2

Point Code Linkset Cost 1 2 3

4 3-3-0
1-1-1 LS1 00
LS5 01 5
1-1-2 LS2 00
LS5 01 1-1-0 6
1-1-3 LS3 00
LS5 01
3-3-2 LS4 00 7 2-2-0
LS5 01
3-3-0 LS5 00 Alias 2-2-2
2-2-0 LS6 00 2-2-1
LS5 01
2-2-1 LS7 00
LS5 01 Once a destination is known to an STP
2-2-2 LS6 00
LS7 00 routing tables are consulted to determine the
LS5 01 least cost route to get there.
Route Management

Signaling Route Management

•Transfer Restricted (TFR)
•Transfer Prohibited (TFP)
•Transfer Allowed (TFA)
•Signaling Routeset Test (RST)
•Transfer Controlled (TFC)
•Signaling Routeset Congestion Test (RCT)
 Route Management(cont)

Distributes information about signaling network status

Transfer-Restricted (TFR) - Notify a node to avoid sending
messages to the indicated PC through the STP that
sent TFR
Transfer-Prohibited (TFP) - Notify a node that an
adjacent STP is unable to route to a specific signaling
point in network
Transfer-Allowed (TFA) - Notify a node that a signaling
point is now available through the STP that sent TFA
Signaling-Route-Set-Test (RST) - Sent in response to a
restricted or prohibited message (every 30 seconds)
Link Failure and Restoral
Sequence of Level 3 events
for Out of service link and
restoral
SCP1 SCP2 1. Link goes Status Indicator Out
of Service (SIOS)

STP1 STP2

SLC=1
SSP1 SSP2
Link Failure and Restoral

Sequence of Level 3 events

for Out of service link and
restoral
SCP1 SCP2

STP1 STP2

COO

COO

SLC=1
SSP1 SSP2
Link Failure and Restoral

Sequence of Level 3 events

for Out of service link and
restoral
SCP1 SCP2

STP1 STP2

COO

COO

SLC=1
SSP1 SSP2
Link Failure and
Restoral
Sequence of Level 3
events
for Out of service link and
restoral
SCP1 SCP2 1. Link goes Status Indicator Out
of Service (SIOS)
2. Change Over Order (COO) sent from
STP1 to SSP2 via STP2 with SLC=1
3. Change Over Acknowledge (COA)
sent
from SSP2 to STP1 via STP2 with
STP STP SLC=1
1 2
CO
A

CO
A

SLC=
SSP 1 SSP
1 2
Link Failure and Restoral
Sequence of Level 3 events
for Out of service link and
restoral

SCP1 SCP2
1. Link goes Status Indicator Out
TFR of Service (SIOS)
2. Change Over Order (COO) sent from
STP1 to SSP2 via STP2 with SLC=1
TFR
3. Change Over Acknowledge (COA) sent
from SSP2 to STP1 via STP2 with SLC=1
STP1 STP2 4. Transfer Restricted (TFR) sent for SSP2
to all signaling point connected to STP1
TFR

TFR

SLC=1
SSP1 SSP2
Link Failure and Restoral
Sequence of Level 3 events
for Out of service link and
restoral

SCP1 SCP2
1. Link goes Status Indicator Out
TFR of Service (SIOS)
2. Change Over Order (COO) sent from
STP1 to SSP2 via STP2 with SLC=1
TFR
3. Change Over Acknowledge (COA) sent
from SSP2 to STP1 via STP2 with SLC=1
STP1 STP2 4. Transfer Restricted (TFR) sent for SSP2
to all signaling point connected to STP1
TFR

TFR

SLC=1
SSP1 SSP2
Link Failure and Restoral
Sequence of Level 3 events
for Out of service link and
restoral

SCP1 SCP2 1. Link goes Status Indicator Out

of Service (SIOS)
2. Change Over Order (COO) sent from
STP1 to SSP2 via STP2 with SLC=1
3. Change Over Acknowledge (COA) sent
from SSP2 to STP1 via STP2 with SLC=1
4. Transfer Restricted (TFR) sent for SSP2
to all signaling point connected to STP1
STP1 STP2 5. Transfer Prohibited (TFP) sent by STP1
to STP2
TFP

SLC=1
SSP1 SSP2
Link Failure and Restoral
Sequence of Level 3 events
for Out of service link and
restoral

SCP1 SCP2
1. Link goes Status Indicator Out
RSR of Service (SIOS)
2. Change Over Order (COO) sent from
RSR STP1 to SSP2 via STP2 with SLC=1
3. Change Over Acknowledge (COA) sent
from SSP2 to STP1 via STP2 with SLC=1
4. Transfer Restricted (TFR) sent for SSP2
STP1 STP2 to all signaling point connected to STP1
5. Transfer Prohibited (TFP) sent by STP1
RSR to STP2
6. Route Set Test Restricted (RSR) sent for
destination SSP2 to all signaling point to
RSR
STP1 every 30 seconds

SLC=1
SSP1 SSP2
Link Failure and Restoral
Sequence of Level 3 events
for Out of service link and
restoral

SCP1 SCP2
1. Link goes Status Indicator Out
RSR of Service (SIOS)
2. Change Over Order (COO) sent from
RSR STP1 to SSP2 via STP2 with SLC=1
3. Change Over Acknowledge (COA) sent
from SSP2 to STP1 via STP2 with SLC=1
4. Transfer Restricted (TFR) sent for SSP2
STP1 STP2 to all signaling point connected to STP1
5. Transfer Prohibited (TFP) sent by STP1
RSR to STP2
6. Route Set Test Restricted (RSR) sent for
destination SSP2 to all signaling point to
RSR
STP1 every 30 seconds

SLC=1
SSP1 SSP2
Link Failure and Restoral
Sequence of Level 3 events
for Out of service link and
restoral

SCP1 SCP2 1. Link goes Status Indicator Out

of Service (SIOS)
2. Change Over Order (COO) sent from
STP1 to SSP2 via STP2 with SLC=1
3. Change Over Acknowledge (COA) sent
from SSP2 to STP1 via STP2 with SLC=1
4. Transfer Restricted (TFR) sent for SSP2
STP1 STP2 to all signaling point connected to STP1
5. Transfer Prohibited (TFP) sent by STP1
to STP2
6. Route Set Test Restricted (RSR) sent for
destination SSP2 to all signaling point to
CBD CBD STP1 every 30 seconds
7. Link 1 is restored and aligned
8. Change Back Declaration (CBD) send
SLC=1 by STP1 and SSP2
SSP1 SSP2
Link Failure and Restoral
Sequence of Level 3 events
for Out of service link and
restoral

SCP1 SCP2 1. Link goes Status Indicator Out

of Service (SIOS)
2. Change Over Order (COO) sent from
STP1 to SSP2 via STP2 with SLC=1
3. Change Over Acknowledge (COA) sent
from SSP2 to STP1 via STP2 with SLC=1
4. Transfer Restricted (TFR) sent for SSP2
STP1 STP2 to all signaling point connected to STP1
5. Transfer Prohibited (TFP) sent by STP1
to STP2
6. Route Set Test Restricted (RSR) sent for
destination SSP2 to all signaling point to
CBD CBD STP1 every 30 seconds
7. Link 1 is restored and aligned
8. Change Back Declaration (CBD) send
SLC=1 by STP1 and SSP2
SSP1 SSP2
Link Failure and Restoral
Sequence of Level 3 events
for Out of service link and
restoral

SCP1 SCP2 1. Link goes Status Indicator Out

of Service (SIOS)
2. Change Over Order (COO) sent from
STP1 to SSP2 via STP2 with SLC=1
3. Change Over Acknowledge (COA) sent
from SSP2 to STP1 via STP2 with SLC=1
4. Transfer Restricted (TFR) sent for SSP2
STP1 STP2 to all signaling point connected to STP1
5. Transfer Prohibited (TFP) sent by STP1
to STP2
6. Route Set Test Restricted (RSR) sent for
destination SSP2 to all signaling point to
CBD CBD STP1 every 30 seconds
7. Link 1 is restored and aligned
8. Change Back Declaration (CBD) send
SLC=1 by STP1 and SSP2
SSP1 SSP2
 Global Title
Translations performed
at STP
2-2-0

S.T.P. B

Alias
E800(254)
2-2-2

3-3-3
1-1-1 2-2-1

Destination Point Code =2-2-2

S.S.P.on
A GT S.T.P. A S.C.P. A
Route
Destination Point Code = 3-3-3
SSN = 254
Route on PC/SSN
 800 Service - Query
GTT STP
800 SCP

STP
SSP

DPC = STP Alias DPC = 800 SCP

OCP = SSP OCP = STP
SCCP SCCP
CdPA CdPA
Route on GT Route on Destination
TT = 254 TT = 254
SSN = 0 SSN = 254
GTA = 800234 GTA = 800234
CgPA CgPA
Route on Destination Route on Destination
SSN = 254 SSN = 254
SPC = SSP SPC = SSP
TCAP TCAP
Query with Permission Query with Permission
Invoke Invoke
8002341111 8002341111
ANI ANI
LATA LATA
OST OST
MTP MTP
 800 Service - Response
GTT
STP
SSP 800 SCP

DPC = SSP DPC = 800 SCP

OCP = SCP OCP = STP
SCCP SCCP
CdPA CdPA
Route on Destination Route on Destination
No GTTs are
SSN = 254 necessary SSN = 254

CgPA CgPA
Route on Destination Route on Destination
SSN = 254 SSN = 254

TCAP TCAP
Response Response
Invoke Invoke
Carrier ID Carrier ID
Routing Number Routing Number
AMA Call type AMA Call type

MTP MTP
 TDM/ATM versus IP based HLR HLR

Traditional STP Network IP Network

HLR HLR

… MSC MSC MSC … MSC MSC MSC

STP STP

STP STP
SIGTRAN Network

MSC MSC … MSC MSC MSC

…
 Traditional STP Network
- TDM or ATM based (SL or HSSL)

Meshed/hierarchical
STP network
STPs are physical
connection and
HLR HLR
aggregation points

SS7 routing
STP STP
intelligence in
Bandwidth
SEPs and STPs
limitations STP STP

MSC MSC MSC MSC MSC MSC MSC MSC MSC MSC
 SIGTRAN Network
L3/IP routing
intelligence in
routers
SS7 routing
intelligence only
HLR HLR in SEPs

Bandwidth
flexibility
IP Network

MSC MSC MSC MSC MSC MSC MSC MSC MSC MSC

• Multi-service IP backbone End-to-End!

• All SEPs are IP-based No need for transfer nodes
• SGWs only at the edge and relay functionality
 SIGTRAN – Site and Network Architecture
OSS-RC

MSC-S SCP
3GPP-SIGTRAN nodes (M3UA)
Site LAN

MSC-S HLR SCP GSN

IP Core Nw
Site LAN
MGw/SG POI
IP Distr. Nw

VMS IVR
BSC
MGw/SG MGw/SG

POI

VMS SMS-C IVR

Site LAN

BSC BSC RNC

SS7 legacy nodes
MGw/SG POI

Radio access nodes

BSC

Signaling VLAN Signaling MPLS LSP’s Signaling VLAN

 SigTran Concepts (3)
Signaling Gateway (SG):
Signaling agent at the edge of IP network
SG may relay, translate or terminate SS7 signaling in an SS7-Internet Gateway

SS7 Network Signaling Gateway IP Network

 SigTran Concepts (4)
SEP: node in SS7 network that originates or terminates signaling message. Represented by Signaling
Point Code (SPC) in SS7 network
STP: node in SS7 that routes signaling messages based on their destination point code in
SS7 network

STP

Signaling
SEP SS7 Network Gateway IP Network
 SigTran Concepts (5)
Application Server (AS): a logical entity in IP network

STP

Signaling
SEP SS7 Network Gateway IP Network Application
Server
 SigTran Concepts (6)
Application Server Process (ASP): a process instance of Application Server

STP

ASP

Signaling
SEP SS7 Network Gateway IP Network Application
Server
 Redundancy in SigTran

ASP1

Signaling
IPSP1
Gateway
Process ASPn
STP

Application IPSPn
Signaling Server
SEP SS7 Network Gateway
Process

IPSP
IP Network
Signaling
Gateway
 Application Server redundancy

Distribution of traffic from

SG to AS:

- depends on TMT (traffic

mode type): ASP1

a) Load sharing
b) Override Signaling
ASP2
Gateway
c) Broadcast

ASPn
IP Network
Application
Server
 Migration Strategies
NEW
IP
IP- network SG SS7 SS7 NEW
SEP network IP IP-
NEW network SEP
IP-SEP
SS7

SS7 SS7
network

NEW
IP
SS7 SS7 SG network SG SS7 SS7
network network
Migration: Network Example
HLR HLR HLR HLR

STP STP
STP STP

STP STP
STP STP

MSC MSC MSC MSC MSC MSC

 Migration: Network Example (1st step)
HLR HLR HLR HLR

STP STP
STP STP

IP
network

STP STP
STP STP

MSC MSC MSC MSC MSC MSC

 Migration: Network Example (2nd step)
HLR HLR HLR HLR

STP STP
STP STP

IP
network

STP STP
STP STP

MSC MSC MSC MSC MSC MSC

Migration: Network Example (3rd step)
HLR HLR HLR HLR

IP
network

SG
SG

MSC MSC MSC MSC MSC MSC

 Architecture of IN

Switch IP
Announcement
Simple Tone Announcement
Routing Unit and more
Generator(IP)
Unit

Call processing Digit Analysis

Advanced
Query
Feature
Switching fabric
processing
processing
(SSP) SCP

SCP: Service Control Point Advanced Feature

SSP: Service Switching Point processing
IP: Intelligent Peripheries
IN: Intelligent Network
Signaling Message Handling