Unit 1

1. Which of the following does not change in a transformer?

(a) Current
(b) Voltage
(c) Frequency
(d) All of the above
Ans: c

2. In a transformer the energy is conveyed from primary to secondary

(a) through cooling coil
(b) through air
(c) by the flux
(d) none of the above
Ans: c

3. A transformer core is laminated to

(a) reduce hysteresis loss
(b) reduce eddy current losses
(c) reduce copper losses
(d) reduce all above losses
Ans: b

4. The degree of mechanical vibrations produced by the laminations of a transformer depends

on
(a) tightness of clamping
(b) gauge of laminations
(c) size of laminations
(d) all of the above
Ans: d

5. The no-load current drawn by transformer is usually what per cent of the full-load current?
(a) 0.2 to 0.5 per cent
(b) 2 to 5 per cent
(c) 12 to 15 per cent
(d) 20 to 30 per cent
Ans: b

6. The path of a magnetic flux in a transformer should have

(a) high resistance
(b) high reluctance
(c) low resistance
(d) low reluctance
Ans: d
7. No-load on a transformer is carried out to determine
(a) copper loss
(b) magnetising current
(c) magnetising current and loss
(d) efficiency of the transformer
Ans: c

8. The dielectric strength of transformer oil is expected to be

(a) l kV
(b) 33 kV
(c) 100 kV
(d) 330 kV
Ans: b

9. The efficiency of a transformer will be maximum when

(a) copper losses = hysteresis losses
(b) hysteresis losses = eddy current losses
(c) eddy current losses = copper losses
(d) copper losses = iron losses
Ans: d

10. No-load current in a transformer

(a) lags behind the voltage by about 75°
(b) leads the voltage by about 75°
(c) lags behind the voltage by about 15°
(d) leads the voltage by about 15°
Ans: a

11. The purpose of providing an iron core in a transformer is to

(a) provide support to windings
(b) reduce hysteresis loss
(c) decrease the reluctance of the magnetic path
(d) reduce eddy current losses
Ans: c

12. Which of the following is not a part of transformer installation?

(a) Conservator
(b) Breather
(c) Buchholz relay
(d) Exciter
Ans: d

13. While conducting short-circuit test on a transformer the following side is short circuited
(a) High voltage side
(b) Low voltage side
(c) Primary side
(d) Secondary side
Ans: b

14. In the transformer following winding has got more cross-sectional area
(a) Low voltage winding
(b) High voltage winding
(c) Primary winding
(d) Secondary winding
Ans: a

15. A transformer transforms

(a) voltage
(b) current
(c) power
(d) frequency
Ans: c

16. A transformer cannot raise or lower the voltage of a D.C. supply because
(a) there is no need to change the D.C. voltage
(b) a D.C. circuit has more losses
(c) Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction are not valid since the rate of change of flux is
zero
(d) none of the above
Ans: c

17. Primary winding of a transformer

(a) is always a low voltage winding
(b) is always a high voltage winding
(c) could either be a low voltage or high voltage winding
(d) none of the above
Ans: c

18. Which winding in a transformer has more number of turns ?

(a) Low voltage winding
(b) High voltage winding
(c) Primary winding
(d) Secondary winding
Ans: b

19. In a given transformer for given applied voltage, losses which remain constant irrespective
of load changes are
(a) friction and windage losses
(b) copper losses
(c) hysteresis and eddy current losses
(d) none of the above
Ans: c
20. The no load current in a transformer lags behind the applied voltage by an angle of about
(a) 180°
(b) 120"
(c) 90°
(d) 75°
Ans: d

21. In a transformer routine efficiency depends upon

(a) supply frequency
(b) load current
(c) power factor of load
(d) both (b) and (c)
Ans: d

22. The maximum efficiency of a distribution transformer is

(a) at no load
(b) at 50% full load
(c) at 80% full load
(d) at full load
Ans: b

23. Transformer breaths in when

(a) load on it increases
(b) load on it decreases
(c) load remains constant
(d) none of the above
Ans: b

24. No-load current of a transformer has

(a) has high magnitude and low power factor
(b) has high magnitude and high power factor
(c) has small magnitude and high power factor
(d) has small magnitude and low power factor
Ans: d

25. Spacers are provided between adjacent coils

(a) to provide free passage to the cooling oil
(b) to insulate the coils from each other
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) none of the above
Ans: a

26. Greater the secondary leakage flux

(a) less will be the secondary induced e.m.f.
(b) less will be the primary induced e.m.f.
(c) less will be the primary terminal voltage
(d) none of the above
Ans: a

27. The purpose of providing iron core in a step-up transformer is

(a) to provide coupling between primary and secondary
(b) to increase the magnitude of mutual flux
(c) to decrease the magnitude of mag-netizing current
(d) to provide all above features
Ans: c

28. If R2 is the resistance of secondary winding of the transformer and K is the transformation
ratio then the equivalent secondary resistance referred to primary will be
(a) R2/VK
(b) R2/K2
(c) R22/K2
(d) R22/K
Ans: b

29. The use of higher flux density in the transformer design

(a) reduces weight per kVA
(6) reduces iron losses
(c) reduces copper losses
(d) increases part load efficiency
Ans: a

30. An ideal transformer has infinite values of primary and secondary inductances. The
statement is
(a) true
(b) false
Ans: b

31. The transformer ratings are usually expressed in terms of

(a) volts
(b) amperes
(c) kW
(d) kVA
Ans: d

32. Hysteresis loss in a transformer varies as CBmax = maximum flux density)

(a) Bmax
(b) Bmax1-6
(C) Bmax1-83
(d) B max
Ans: b

33. Material used for construction of transformer core is usually

(a) wood
(b) copper
(c) aluminium
(d) silicon steel
Ans: d

34. The thickness of laminations used in a transformer is usually

(a) 0.4 mm to 0.5 mm
(b) 4 mm to 5 mm
(c) 14 mm to 15 mm
(d) 25 mm to 40 mm
Ans: a

35. In a transformer the resistance between its primary and secondary is

(a) zero
(b) 1 ohm
(c) 1000 ohms
(d) infinite
Ans: d

36. The magnetizing current of a transformer is usually small because it has

(a) small air gap
(b) large leakage flux
(c) laminated silicon steel core
(d) fewer rotating parts
Ans: a

37. Which of the following does not change in an ordinary transformer ?

(a) Frequency
(b) Voltage
(c) Current
(d) Any of the above
Ans: a

38. The leakage flux in a transformer depends upon

(a) load current
(b) load current and voltage
(c) load current, voltage and frequency
(d) load current, voltage, frequency and power factor
Ans: a

39. The path of the magnetic flux in transformer should have

(a) high reluctance
(b) low reactance
(c) high resistance
(d) low resistance
Ans: b

40. A transformer can have zero voltage regulation at

(a) leading power factor
(b) lagging power factor
(c) unity power factor
(d) zero power factor
Ans: a

41. The core used in high frequency transformer is usually

(a) copper core
(b) cost iron core
(c) air core
(d) mild steel core
Ans: c

42. The full-load copper loss of a transformer is 1600 W. At half-load, the copper loss will be
(a) 6400 W
(b) 1600 W
(c) 800 W
(d) 400 W
Ans: d

43. The value of flux involved m the e.m.f. equation of a transformer is

(a) average value
(b) r.m.s. value
(c) maximum value
(d) instantaneous value
Ans: c

44. Silicon steel used in laminations mainly reduces

(a) hysteresis loss
(b) eddy current losses
(c) copper losses
(d) all of the above
Ans: a
45. Which winding of the transformer has less cross-sectional area ?
(a) Primary winding
(b) Secondary winding
(c) Low voltage winding
(d) High voltage winding
Ans: d

46. Which of the following is the main advantage of an auto-transformer over a two winding
transformer?
(a) Hysteresis losses are reduced
(b) Saving in winding material
(c) Copper losses are negligible
(d) Eddy losses are totally eliminated
Ans: b

47. During short circuit test iron losses are negligible because
(a) the current on secondary side is negligible
(b) the voltage on secondary side does not vary
(c) the voltage applied on primary side is low
(d) full-load current is not supplied to the transformer
Ans: c

48. An ideal transformer is one which has

(a) no losses and magnetic leakage
(b) interleaved primary and secondary windings
(c) a common core for its primary and secondary windings
(d) core of stainless steel and winding of pure copper metal
(e) none of the above
Ans: a

49. When a given transformer is run at its rated voltage but reduced frequency, its
(a) flux density remains unaffected
(b) iron losses are reduced
(c) core flux density is reduced
(d) core flux density is increased
Ans: d

50. In an actual transformer the iron loss remains practically constant from no-load to full load
because
(a) value of transformation ratio remains constant
(b) permeability of transformer core remains constant
(c) core flux remains practically constant
(d) primary voltage remains constant
(c) secondary voltage remains constant
Ans: c

51. An ideal transformer will have maximum efficiency at a load such that
(a) copper loss = iron loss
(b) copper loss < iron loss
(c) copper loss > iron loss
(d) none of the above
Ans: a

52. If the supply frequency to the transformer is increased,"the iron loss will
(a) not change
(b) decrease
(c) increase
(d) any of the above
Ans: c

53. Iron loss of a transformer can be measured by

(a) low power factor wattmeter
(b) unity power factor wattmeter
(c) frequency meter
(d) any type of wattmeter
Ans: a

54. When secondary of a current transformer is open-circuited its iron core will be
(a) hot because of heavy iron losses taking place in it due to high flux density
(b) hot because primary will carry heavy current
(c) cool as there is no secondary current
(d) none of above will happen
Ans: a

55. The transformer laminations are insulated from each other by

(a) mica strip
(6) thin coat of varnish
(c) paper
(d) any of the above
Ans: b

56. During open circuit test of a transformer

(a) primary is supplied rated voltage
(b) primary is supplied full-load current
(c) primary is supplied current at reduced voltage
(d) primary is supplied rated kVA
Ans: a

57. Open circuit test on transformers is conducted to determine

(a) hysteresis losses
(b) copper losses
(c) core losses
(d) eddy current losses
Ans: c

58. Short circuit test on transformers is conducted to determine

(a) hysteresis losses
(b) copper losses
(c) core losses
(d) eddy current losses
Ans: b

59. The secondary winding of which of the following transformers is always kept closed ?
(a) Step-up transformer
(b) Step-down transformer
(c) Potential transformer
(d) Current transformer
Ans: d

60. The size of a transformer core will depend on

(a) frequency
(b) area of the core
(c) flux density of the core material
(d) (a) and (b) both
Ans: d

61. A shell-type transformer has

(a) high eddy current losses
(b) reduced magnetic leakage
(c) negligibly hysteresis losses
(d) none of the above
Ans: b

62. A transformer can have regulation closer to zero

(a) on full-load
(b) on overload
(c) on leading power factor
(d) on zero power factor
Ans: c

63. A transformer transforms

(a) voltage
(b) current
(c) current and voltage
(d) power
Ans: d

64. Reduction in core losses and increase in permeability are obtained with transformer
employing
(a) core built-up of laminations of cold rolled grain oriented steel
(b) core built-up of laminations of hot rolled sheet
(c) either of the above
(d) none of the above
Ans: a

65. For given applied voltage, with the increase in frequency of the applied voltage
(a) eddy current loss will decrease
(b) eddy current loss will increase
(c) eddy current loss will remain unchanged
(d) none of the above
Ans: c

66. Losses which occur in rotating electric machines and do not occur in trans formers are
(a) friction and windage losses
(b) magnetic losses
(c) hysteresis and eddy current losses
(d) copper losses
Ans: a

67. In a given transformer for a given applied voltage, losses which remain constant
irrespective of load changes are
(a) hysteresis and eddy current losses
(b) friction and windage losses
(c) copper losses
(d) none of the above
Ans: a

68. Which of the following statements regarding an idel single-phase transformer having a turn
ratio of 1 : 2 and
drawing a current of 10 A from 200 V A.C. supply is incorrect ?
(a) Its secondary current is 5 A
(b) Its secondary voltage is 400 V
(c) Its rating is 2 kVA
(d) Its secondary current is 20 A
(e) It is a step-up transformer
Ans: d

69. The secondary of a current transformer is always short-circuited under operating conditions
because it
(a) avoids core saturation and high voltage induction
(b) is safe to human beings
(c) protects the primary circuit
(d) none of the above
Ans: a

70. In a transformer the resistance between its primary and secondary should be
(a) zero
(b) 10 Q
(c) 1000 Q
(d) infinity
Ans: d

71. A good voltage regulation of a transformer means

(a) output voltage fluctuation from no load to full load is least
(b) output voltage fluctuation with power factor is least
(c) difference between primary and secondary voltage is least
(d) difference between primary and secondary voltage is maximum
Ans: a

72. For a transformer, operating at constant load current, maximum efficiency will occur at
(a) 0.8 leading power factor
(b) 0.8 lagging power factor
(c) zero power factor
(d) unity power factor
Ans: d

73. Which of the following loss in a transformer is zero even at full load?
(a) Core loss
(b) Friction loss
(c) Eddy current loss
(d) Hysteresis loss
Ans: b

74. If a transformer is continuously operated the maximum temperature rise will occur in
(a) core
(b) windings
(c) tank
(d) any of the above
Ans: b

75. The efficiency of a transformer, under heavy loads, is comparatively low because
(a) copper loss becomes high in proportion to the output
(b) iron loss is increased considerably
(c) voltage drop both in primary and secondary becomes large
(d) secondary output is much less as compared to primary input
Ans: a
76. An open-circuit test on a transformer is conducted primarily to measure
(a) insulation resistance
(b) copper loss
(c) core loss
(d) total loss
(e) efficiency
(f) none of the above
Ans: c

77. A no-load test is performed on a transformer to determine

(a) core loss
(b) copper loss
(c) magnetising current
(d) magnetising current and loss
Ans: d

78. The voltage transformation ratio of a transformer is equal to the ratio of

(a) primary turns to secondary turns
(b) secondary current to primary current
(c) secondary induced e.m.f. to primary induced e.m.f.
(d) secondary terminal voltage to primary applied voltage
Ans: c

79. Part of the transformer which is most subject to damage from overheating is
(a) iron core
(b) copper winding
(c) winding insulation
(d) frame or case
(e) transformer tank
Ans: c

80. If a transformer is switched on to a voltage more than the rated voltage

(a) its power factor will deteriorate
(b) its power factor will increase
(c) its power factor will remain unaffected
(d) its power factor will be zero
Ans: a

81. Auto-transformer makes effective saving on copper and copper losses, when its
transformation ratio is
(a) approximately equal to one
(b) less than one
(c) great than one
(d) none of the above
Ans: a
82. Minimum voltage regulation occurs when the power factor of the load is
(a) unity
(b) lagging
(c) leading
(d) zero
Ans: c

83. In a step-down transformer, there is a change of 15 A in the load current. This results in
change of supply current of
(a) less than 15 A
(b) more than 15 A
(c) 15 A
(d) none of the above
Ans: a

84. The basic function of transformer is to change?

(a) change frequency
(b) the level voltage
(c) change power factor
(d) change power
Ans: b

85. What kVA rating is required for a transformer that must handle a maximum load current of 8
A with a secondary voltage of 2 kV?

(a) 16kv
(b) 4kv
(c) 32kv
(d) 8kv
Ans: a

86. When the turns ratio of a transformer is 20 and the primary ac voltage is 12 V, the secondary
voltage is
(a) 120v
(b)12v
©© 240v
(d) 440v
Ans : c

87. What is the condition for maximum efficiency of a transformer-

(a) when copper loss = hysteresis loss
(b) when copper loss = core loss
(c)When transformer run by unity power factor
(d) when copper loss = eddy current loss
Ans : b
88. The copper loss of a transformer at full load is 40W. What would be at half load-
(a)10W

(b) 20W

(c)80W
(d) 40W
Ans : a

9. When a 400Hz transformer is operated at 50 Hz, its KVA ratings is--

reduce
Increased by 8 times
unaffected
none of above
Ans :c

10. The main purpose of performing open circuit test in a transformer is to measure its--

copper loss
core loss
insulation resistance
total loss
Ans : b

11. The main purpose of performing short circuit test in a transformer is to measure its--

insulation resistance
total loss
core loss
copper loss
Ans : d

13. The Resistance of wire is r ohm. The wire is stritched to double its length, then its resistance
will be

4r
r/2
2r
 r
Ans : a

16. A transformer transform-

voltage and currrent

voltage
current
frequency
Ans : a

17. Transformer core are laminated in order to-

simplify it's construction

minimize eddy current loss
reduce cost
reduce hysteresis loss
Ans :b

18. At relatively light load, transformer efficiency is low because-

transformer losses are high

secondary output is low
fixed loss is high in proportion to the output
Cu loss is small
Ans : c

1. What kVA rating is required for a transformer that must handle a maximum load current of 8
A with a secondary voltage of 2 kV?
A.4 kVA
B. 0.25 kVA
C. 16 kVA
D.8 kVA
 Answer & Explanation

Answer: Option C

3. When the turns ratio of a transformer is 20 and the primary ac voltage is 12 V, the secondary
voltage is
A.12 V
B. 120 V
C. 240 V
D.2,400 V

Answer: Option C

4. If a transformer has 50 turns in the primary winding and 10 turns in the secondary winding,
what is the reflective resistance if the secondary load resistance is 250 ?
A.250
B. 25
C. 6,250
D.62,500

Answer: Option C

5. A certain transformer has 400 turns in the primary winding and 2,000 turns in the secondary
winding. The turns ratio is
A.0.2 B. 0.4
C. 5 D.25

Answer: Option C

6. The primary winding of a transformer has 110 V ac across it. What is the secondary voltage if
the turns ratio is 8?
A.8.8 V
B. 88 V
C. 880 V
D.8,800 V

Answer: Option C
 Explanation:

V2/V1 = N2/N1

Turns ratio = N2/N1 = 8.

V2/110 = 8

V2 = 8 x 110

V2 = 880v.

7. To step 110 V ac down to 20 V ac, the turns ratio must be

A.5.5 B. 18
C. 0.18 D.0.018
Answer & Explanation

Answer: Option C

Explanation:

Vp/Vs = Np/Ns

Vs = (Ns/Np)Vp

We required turns ratio i.e., (Ns/Np)

= Vs/Vp

= 20/110

= 0.181818182

[Note: p - primary; s - secondary]

For step down transfer, the turns ratio will be less than 0.

8. The mutual inductance when k = 0.65, L1 = 2 H, and L2 = 5 H is

A.2 mH
B. 2 H
 C. 4 H
D.8 H
Answer & Explanation

Answer: Option B

9. If 25 W of power are applied to the primary of an ideal transformer with a turns ratio of 10,
the power delivered to the secondary load is
A.25 W
B. 0 W
C. 250 W
D.2.5 W
Answer & Explanation

Answer: Option A

10. A transformer with a 110 V primary has a 15:1 turns ratio. The load resistance, RL, is 120 .
What is the approximate voltage across the load?
A.7.3 V
B. 73 V
C. 88 V
D.880 V
Answer & Explanation

Answer: Option A

11. How many primary volts must be applied to a transformer with a turns ratio of 0.1 to obtain a
secondary voltage of 9 V?
A.9 V
B. 90 V
C. 900 V
D.0.9 V
Answer & Explanation

Answer: Option B

Explanation:
 We know that, V2/V1 = N2/N1.

Given V2 = 9v, N2/N1 = 0.1

Therefore, 9v/V1 = 0.1

V1 = 9v/0.1 = 90v.

12. In a certain loaded transformer, the secondary voltage is one-fourth the primary voltage. The
secondary current is
A.one-fourth the primary current
B. four times the primary current
C. equal to the primary current
D.one-fourth the primary current and equal to the primary current
Answer & Explanation

Answer: Option B

13. A certain transformer has a turns ratio of 1 and a 0.85 coefficient of coupling. When 2 V ac is
applied to the primary, the secondary voltage is
A.1.7 V
B. 0.85 V
C. 1 V
D.0 V
Answer & Explanation

Answer: Option A

14. The primary coil of a transformer is connected to a 60 V ac source. The secondary coil is
connected to a 330 load. The turns ratio is 3:1. What is the secondary voltage?
A.2 V
B. 20 V
C. 180 V
D.18 V
Answer & Explanation

Answer: Option B
15. The primary winding of a power transformer should always be
A.open B. shorted
C. switched D.fused
Answer & Explanation

Answer: Option D

17. A transformer
A.changes ac to dc
B. changes dc to ac
C. steps up or down dc voltages
D.steps up or down ac voltages
Answer & Explanation

Answer: Option D

18. The primary of a transformer is connected to a 6 V battery. The turns ratio is 1:3 and the
secondary load, RL, is 100 . The voltage across the load is
A.0 V
B. 6 V
C. 18 V
D.2 V
Answer & Explanation

Answer: Option A

19. To step 120 V ac up to 900 V ac, the turns ratio must be

A.75 B. 750
C. 7.5 D.0.13
Answer & Explanation

Answer: Option C

20. When a 200 load resistor is connected across the secondary winding of a transformer with
a turns ratio of 4, the source "sees" a reflective load of
A.50
 B. 12.5
C. 800
D.0

Answer: Option B

21. In a certain transformer, the input power to the primary is 120 W. If 8.5 W are lost to the
winding resistance, what is the output power to the load, neglecting any other issues?
A.0 W
B. 14.1 W
C. 111.5 W
D.1,020 W
Answer & Explanation

Answer: Option C

22. When a 6 V battery is connected across the primary of a transformer with a turns ratio of 8,
the secondary voltage is
A.0 V
B. 6 V
C. 48 V
D.0.75 V
Answer & Explanation

Answer: Option A

24. A transformer has a 1:6 turns ratio and a secondary coil load resistance of 470 . The load
resistance as seen by the source is
A.1.3
B. 7.8
C. 78
D.13
Answer & Explanation

Answer: Option D

.
Electrical Machines (Three Phase Transformers)

1. Which of the following connections is best suited for 3-phase, 4-wire service ?
(a) Δ − Δ
(b) Y − Y
(c) Δ − Y
(d) Y − Δ

2. In a three-phase Y-Y transformer connection, neutral is fundamental to the

(a) suppression of harmonics
(b) passage of unbalanced currents due to unbalanced loads
(c) provision of dual electric service
(d) balancing of phase voltages with respect to line voltages.

3. As compared to Δ − Δ bank, the capacity of the V − V bank of transformers is ......... percent.

(a) 57.7
(b) 66.7
(c) 50
(d) 86.6

4. If three transformers in a Δ − Δ are delivering their rated load and one transformer is removed,
then overload on each of the remaining transformers is ......... percent.
(a) 66.7
(b) 173.2
(c) 73.2
(d) 58

5. When a V − V system is converted into a Δ − Δ system, increase in capacity of the system is

......... percent.
(a) 86.6
(b) 66.7
(c) 73.2
(d) 50

6. For supplying a balanced 3 − φ load of 40-kVA, rating of each transformer in V − V bank

should be nearly ......... kVA.
(a) 20
(b) 23
(c) 34.6
(d) 25

7. When a closed − Δ bank is converted into an open − Δ bank, each of the two remaining
transformers supplies ......... percent of the original load.
(a) 66.7
(b) 57.7
(c) 50
(d) 73.2

8. If the load p.f. is 0.866, then the average p.f. of the V – V bank is
(a) 0.886
(b) 0.75
(c) 0.51
(d) 0.65

9. A T − T connection has higher ratio of utilization that a V − V connection only when

(a) identical transformers are used
(b) load power factor is leading
(c) load power factor is unity
(d) non-identical transformers are used.

10. The biggest advantage of T - T connection over the V - V connection for 3-phase power
transformation is that it provides
(a) a set of balanced voltages under load
(b) a true 3-phase, 4-wire system
(c) a higher ratio of utilization
(d) more voltages.

11. Of the following statements concerning parallel operation of transformers, the one which is
not correct is
(a) transformers must have equal voltage ratings
(b) transformers must have same ratio of transformation
(c) transformers must be operated at the same frequency
(d) transformers must have equal kVA ratings.

12. Statement
An auto-transformer is more efficient in transferring energy from primary to secondary
circuit.
Reason
Because it does so both inductively and conductively.
Key
(a) statement is false, reason is correct and relevant
(b) statement is correct, reason is correct but irrelevant
(c) both statement and reason are correct and are connected to each other as cause and
effect
(d) both statement and reason are false.

13. Out of the following given choices for poly phase transformer connections which one will
you select for three-to-two phase conversion ?
(a) Scott
(b) star/star
(c) double Scott
(d) star/double-delta

14. A T − T transformer cannot be paralleled with ......... transformer.

(a) V − V
(b) Y − Δ
(c) Y − Y
(d) Δ − Δ

15. Instrument transformers are used on a.c. circuits for extending the range of
(a) ammeters
(b) voltmeters
(c) wattmeters
(d) all of the above.

16. Before removing the ammeter from a current transformer, its secondary must be short-
circuited in order to avoid
(a) excessive heating of the core
(b) high secondary e.m.f.
(c) increase in iron losses
(d) all of the above.

Answers
1.c 2. a 3. a 4. c 5. c 6. b 7. b 8. b 9. d 10.b 11. d 12. c 13. a 14. b 15. d 16. d
MCQ TEST 1
Transformer
1. A transformer transforms
a.frequency
b.voltage
c.current
d.voltage and current

2.Which of the following is the basic element of transformer

a.core
b.primaryb winding
c.secondary winding
d.mutual flux

3.In an ideal transformer

a.winding has no resistance
b.core has no losses
c.core has infinite permeanility
d.all of the above

4.The maun purpose of using core in a transformer is to

a.decrease iron losses
b.prevent eddy current losses
c.ilininate magnetic hysteresis
d.decrease reluctance of comman magnetic circuit

5.Transformer cores are laminated in order to

a.simplify its construction
b.minimise eddy current losses
c.reduce cost
d.reduce hysterisis loss

6.A transformer having 1000 primary turns is connected to a 250 volt ac supply, for a secondary
voltafge of 400 volt, the no. secondary turns should be
a.1600
b.250
c.400
d.1250

7.The primary and secondary induced emf E1 & E2 in a 2 winding transformer are always
a.equal in magnitude
b.antiphase with each other
c.Inphase in each other
d.determine by load on transformer secondary
8.A step up transformer increases
a.voltage
b.current
c.power
d.frequency

9.The primary and secondary windings of an two winding transformer always have,
a.different no of turns
b.same size of copper wire
c.a common magnetic circuit
d.separate magnetic circuit

10.In a transformer the leakage flux of each winding is proportional to the current in that
winding because,
a.Ohm's law applies to the magnetic circuit
b.Leakage path do not saturate
c.the two windings are electrically isolated
d.mutual flux is confined to core

11.In a 2 winding transformer the emf per turn in secondary winding is always ..... .the induced
emf per turn in primary
a.equal to k times
b.equal to 1/k times
c.equal to
d.greater than

12.In a relation to a transformer the rayio 20/1 ; indicates that

a.there are 20 turns on primary and 1 turn on secondary
b.secondary voltage is 1/20 th of primary voltage
c.primary current is 20 times greater than secondary surrent
d.for every 20 turns on primary there is 1 turn on secondary

13.In performing short circuit test on transformer

a.high voltage side is usuallu short circuited
b.low volage is usually short circuited
c.any side is short circuited with preference
d.none of the above

14.The equivalent resistance of the primary of a transformer having K=5 and R1=0.1 ohmwhen
referred to secondary becomes ..............ohm.
a.0.5
b.0.02
c.0.004
d.2.5
15.A trasformer hasnagative voltage regulation when it's load power is
a.zero
b.unity
c.leading
d.lagging

16.The primary reason why open circuit test is performed on the low voltage winding of the
transformer is that it
a.draws sufficiently large on load current for convinient reading
b.requires least voltage to perform the test
c.needs minimum power input
d.involves less core loss

17.No load test on a transformer is to measure its

a.copper losse
b.magnetising current
c.magnetising current and no load losses
d.efficiency of the transformer

18.The main purpose of performing open circuit test on a transformer is to measure its
a.copper loss
b.core loss
c.total loss
d.insulation resistance

19.During short circuit test, iron loss of the transformer is neglisible because
a.the entire input is just sufficient to meet cu losses only
b.fux produced is a small fraction of the normal flux
c.iron core becomes fully saturated
d.supply frequency is held constant

20.The iron loss of a transformer at 400Hz is 10 watt. Assuming that eddy current and hysteresis
losses vary as the squre of the flux density the iron loss of the transformer at rated voltage but at
50 Hz would be ..............watts.
a.80
b.640
c.1.25
d.100

21.In operating a 400 Hz transformer at 50 Hz,

a.only voltage is reduced in the same proportion as the freqency
b.only kVA rating is reduced in the same proportion as the frequency
c.both voltage and kVA rating are reduced in the same proportion as the frequency
d.none of the above
22.The voltage applied to the HV side of a transformer durng short circuit test is 2% of its rated
voltage. The core loss will be.............% of the rated core loss
a.4
b.0.4
c.0.25
d.0.04

23.Trasformer are rated in kVA instead of kW because

a.load power factor is often not known
b.kVA is fixed whereas kW depends on load PF
c.total transformer loss depends on the volt ampere
d.it has become customary

24.When a 400 Hs transformer is operated at 50 Hz, it's kVA rating is,

a.reduced to 1/8
b.incresed 8 times
c.unaffected
d.incresed 64 times

25.At relatively light loads, transformer efficiency is low because,

a.secondary output is low
b.transformer losses are high
c.fixed losses are high in proportion to the output
d.cu loss is small

26.A 200 kVA transformer has an iron loss of 1kW and full load copper loss of 2 kW. Its load
kVA corresponding to maximum efficiency is.......kVA.
a.100
b.141.4
c.50
d.200

27.If Cu loss of a transformer at 7/8th full load is 4900 W, then its full load cu loss will
be..........watt.
a.5600
b.6400
c.375
d.429

28.The ordinary efficiency of a given transformer is maximum when

a.it runs at half load
b.it runs at full load
c.its cu loss equals iron loss
d.it runs slightly overload
29.The o/p current corresponding to maximum efficiency for a transformer having core loss of
100 watt and equivalent resistance reffered to secondary of 0.25 ohm is .............ampere.
a.20
b.25
c.5
d.400

30.The maximum efficiency of a 100 kVA transformer being iron loss of

900kW and F.L. cu loss of 1600 W occures at ...........kVA.
a.56.3
b.133.3
c.75
d.177.7

31.The all day efficiency of the transformer depends primarily on

a.its copper loss
b.the amount of load
c.the duration of the load
d.both b and c

32.The marked increase in kVA capacity produced by connecting a 2 winding transformer as an

autotransformer is due to
a.increase in turns ratio
b.increase in secondary voltage
c.increase in transformer efficiency.
d.establishment of conductive link between primary and secondary

33.The kVA rating of an ordinary 2 winding transformer is increased when connected as an

autotransformer because,
a.transformer ratio is increased
b.secondary voltage is increased
c.magnetic quality of the core material
d.secondary current is increased

34.The saving in Cu achieved by converting a 2 winding transformer into an autotransformer is

determined by,
a.voltage transformation ratio
b.load on the secondary
c.magnetic quality of the core material
d.size of the transformer core
35.An autotransformer having a transformation ratio of 0.8 supplies a load of 3 kW. The power
transferred conductively from primary to secondary is..........kW.
a.0.6
b.2.4
c.1.5
d.0.27

36.The essential condition for parallel operation of two 1 phase transformer is that they should
has the same.....
a.polarity
b.kVA rating
c.voltage ratio
d.percentage impedance

37.If the impedance triangles of two transformer operating in parallel are not identical in shape
and size, the two transformer will,
a.share the load unequally
b.get heated unequally
c.have a circulatory secondary current even when unloaded
d.run with different power factors

38. Two trasformers A and B having equal outputs and voltage ratios but unequal percentage
impedances of 4 and 2 are operating in parallel. Trasformer A will be running over load
by........... percentage.
a.50 ,b.66 ,c.33,d.25
QUESTION NO.ANSWERQUESTION NO.ANSWER
1 D 20 B
2 D 21 B
3 D 22 D
4 D 23 C
5 B 24 A
6 A 25 C
7 C 26 B
8 A 27 B
9 C 28 C
10 B 29 A
11 C 30 C
12 D 31 D
13 B 32 D
14 D 33 C
15 C 34 A
16 A 35 B
17 C 36 A
18 B 37 D
19 B 38 C
MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

1. In a transformer (a) All turns are equally insulated (b) The end turns are more strongly
insulated (c) The end turns are closely wound (d) The end turns are widely separated
2. Laminated insulations coated with varnish are normally used in the transformer (a) To
reduce reluctance of magnetic path (b) To reduce the effect of eddy current (c) To
increase the reluctance of magnetic path (d) To reduce the hysteresis effect
3. The required thickness of lamination in a transformer decreases when (a) The applied
frequency increases (b) The applied frequency decreases (c) The applied voltage
increases (d) The applied voltage decreases
4. Oil in transformer is used to (a) Transfer electrical energy (b) Insulate the windings (c)
Cool the windings (d) None of the above
5. The following arrangement will reduce the reluctance of magnetic path of the
transformer.

6. The windings of a transformer are divided into several coils because (a) It is difficult to
wind as one coil (b) It reduces voltage per coil (c) It requires less insulation (d) None of
the above
7. The size and construction of bushings in a transformer depend upon the (a) Size of
winding (b) Size of tank (c) Current flowing (d)Voltage supplied
8. Transformer humming sound is reduced by the (a) Proper bracing of transformers
assemblies (b) Proper insulation (c) Proper design (d) Proper design of winding
9. Sludge in transformer oil is due to (a) Decomposition of oil (b) Decomposition of
insulation (c) Moisture content in oil (d) None of the above
10. A transformer used only for electrical isolation between two circuits has turns ratio which
is (a) More than unity (b) Less than unity (c) Equal to unity (d) More than 0.5
11. If 90 per cent of normal voltage and 90 per cent of normal frequency are applied to a
transformer, the per cent charge in hysteresis losses will be (a) 20% (b) 4.7% (c) 19% (d)
21%
12. If 110 per cent of normal voltage and 110 per cent of normal frequency is applied to a
transformer, the percentage change of eddy current losses will be (a) 10% (b) 20% (c)
25% (d) 21%
13. A transformer has two 2,400 V primary coils and two 240 V coils. By proper connection
of the windings, the transformation ratio that can be obtained is (a) 10 (b) 5 (c) 20 (d) 9
14. A single-phase, 2,200/200 V transformer takes 1 A at the HT side or no load at a power
factor of 0.385 lagging. The iron losses are (a) 167 W (b) 77 W (c) 88 W (d) 98 W
15. Neglecting resistance, at constant flux density, the power required per kilogram to
magnetize the iron core of a transformer is 0.8 W at 25 Hz and 2.04 W at 60 Hz. The
power required per kilogram for 100 Hz is (a) 3.8 W (b) 3.63 W (c) 3.4 W (d) 5.2 W
16. Select the correct statement: (a) emf per turn of both the windings are equal (b) emf per
turn in HV winding is more than the emf per turn in LV winding (c) emf per turn in HV
winding is less than the emf per turn in LV winding
17. The flux involved in the emf equation of a transformer has (a) rms value (b) Average
value (c) Total value (d) Maximum value
18. The no-load current in a transformer lags the applied voltage by (a) 90° – 95° (b) About
80° – 85° (c) 0° – 15° (d) About 110°
19. High leakage impedance transformers are used for applications such as (a) Power
distribution (b) Electrical toys (c) Arc welding (d) Fluorescent lamps
20. A transformer 2,000 kVA, 250 Hz is operated at 50 Hz. Its kVA rating should be revised
to (a) 400 kVA (b) 10,000 kVA (c) 2,000 kVA (d) Cannot be revised
21. The transformer which will have the largest size is
(a) 100 kVA, 25 Hz (b) 100 kVA, 100 Hz (c) 100 kVA, 50 Hz (d) 100 kVA, 60 Hz
22. The magnetic flux of a transformer follows (a) High reluctance path (b) Low reluctance
path (c) Low conductivity path (d) High conductivity path
23. The efficiency of a transformer is usually in the range of (a) 50–60% (b) 65–75% (c) 70–
90% (d) 90–98%
24. Transformer is laminated to reduce (a) Hystersis loss (b) Eddy current loss (c) Partly (a)
and partly (b) (d) Increases exciting current
25. Transformer changes the value of (a) Power (b) Frequency (c) Voltage (d) Current
26. Transfer of electrical power from primary to secondary in a transformer takes place (a)
Electrically (b) Electromagnetically (c) Magnetically (d) None of these
27. The thickness of a 50 Hz transformer lamination is (a) 0.35 cm (b) 0.35 mm (c) 0.33 m
(d) 0.30 cm
28. A power transformer is a constant (a) Current device (b) Voltage device (c) Power device
(d) Main flux device
29. The value of flux in the emf equation of a transformer is (a) rms (b) Average (c)
Maximum (d) Integral wave cycle
30. The leakage flux in a transformer depends upon the value of (a) Load current (b) Supply
frequency (c) Mutual flux (d) None of these
31. The voltage regulation of a transformer at full-load 0.8 power factor lag is 6 per cent. Its
voltage regulation at full-load 0.8 power factor lead will be (a) Negative (b) 54% (c)
Positive (d) Zero
32. The full-load efficiency of a transformer at 0.85 p.f. lag is 97 per cent. Its efficiency at
full load 0.85 bpower factor lead will be (a) 99% (b) 96% (c) 97% (d) 98%
33. If a load on secondary side of a transformer increases, the current on the primary side (a)
Remains constant (b) Increases (c) Decreases (d) None of these
34. If a sinusoidal exciting current is applied to a transformer, the mutual flux produced is
(a) Negative (b) Sinusoidal (c) Zero (d) Flat top
35. To get sinusoidal flux in a transformer the mutual flux produced is (a) Non-sinusoidal (b)
Sinusoidal (c) Direct current (d) Zero
36. A 220V, 150V bulb is connected in series with the primary of a 220/1,100 V, 50 Hz
transformer. If the load on the secondary side is disconnected, the brightness of the bulb
will (a) Decrease (b) Increase (c) Be unaffected (d) Decrease to a very low value
37. The open circuit test of a transformer gives information about (a) Core losses of the
transformer (b) Cu losses of the transformer (c) Exciting current (d) None of these
38. The short circuit test of a transformer gives the information of (a) Cu losses of the
transformer (b) Core losses of the transformer (c) Winding circuit impedance (d) None of
these
39. During testing of a transformer (a) Both SC and OC tests are performed at rated current
(b) Both SC and OC tests are performed at rated voltage (c) OC test is performed at rated
voltage (d) SC test is performed at rated current
40. All-day efficiency of a transformer is (a) Equal to its power efficiency (b) Less than its
power efficiency (c) More than its power efficiency (d) None of these
41. Routine efficiency of a transformer depends upon the value of (a) Load current (b)
Supply frequency (c) Power factor of load (d) Both (a) and (b)
42. A ferrite core has less eddy current loss than an iron core because ferrites have (a) Lower
permeability (b) High hysteresis (c) Alnico as the main constituent (d) High resistance
43. The maximum regulation of a transformer occurs at a power factor of (a) Unity (b) (c) (d)
44. The zero of regulation of a transformer occurs at a power factor of (a) Zero (b) (c) (d)
45. Circular coil sections are used because they (a) Reduce iron material (b) Reduce copper
material (c) Have the strongest mechanical shape (d) All of these
46. A transformer is connected to a constant voltage source. If the supply frequency
decreases, the magnetic flux in the core will (a) Increase towards saturation (b) Decrease
(c) Remain unchanged (d) None of these
47. The power in autotransformer is transferred through (a) Inductive process (b) Convection
process (c) Conduction process (d) All of these
48. The cross-sectional area of the common portion of an autotransformer is (a) Kept
constant (b) Proportionally decreased (c) Proportionally increased (d) None of these
49. The efficiency of an autotransformer for the same output compared to a two-winding
transformer is
(a) Greater (b) Lesser (c) Poor (d) None of these
50. The condition for successful parallel operation of transformer is (a) Correct polarity (b)
Per unit impedance based on their rating should be equal (c) Identical voltage and
frequency rating (d) Equal ratio of equivalent resistance to reactance (e) All of these
51. During parallel operation of transformers incorrect polarity will result in (a) Open circuit
(b) Dead short circuit (c) Regeneration of power (d) Power factor of transformer will be
different from that of the connected load
52. In an autotransformer of voltage ratio and V1 > V2, the fraction of power transferred
inductively is (a) (b) (c) (d)
53. A 10 kVA, 400/200 V sinlge-phase transformer with 10 per cent impedance draws a
steady short circuit line current of (a) 50 A (b) 150 A (c) 250 A (d) 350 A
54. A 400/100 V, 10 kVA two-winding transformer is reconnected as an autotransformer
across a suitable voltage source. The maximum kVA is (a) 50 kVA (b) 15 kVA (c) 12.5
kVA (d) 8.75 kVA
55. An autotransformer having a transformation ratio of 0.8 supplies a load of 10 kW. The
power transferred inductively from the primary to the secondary is (a) 10 kW (b) 8 kW
(c) 2 kW (d) Zero
56. A single-phase induction regulator is a constant input transformer to obtain smooth
variation of the output voltage by varying the (a) Ratio of turns between primary and
secondary winding (b) Frequency (c) Flux-density in the core (d) Angle between the
magnetic forces of the primary and secondary windings
57. In operating a 400 Hz transformer at 50 Hz (a) Only voltage is reduced in the same
proportion as the frequency (b) Only kVA is reduced in the same proportion as the
frequency (c) Both voltage and kVA rating are reduced in the same proportion as the
frequency (d) None of the above
58. In performing the short circuit test of a transformer (a) High-voltage side is usually short-
circuited (b) Low-voltage side is usually short-circuited (c) Any side is short-circuited
with preference (d) None of these
59. In performing open circuit test of a transformer (a) High voltage is usually kept open (b)
Low voltage is usually kept open (c) Any side can be kept open (d) None of the above
60. Transformer core usually uses grain-oriented laminated sheets. The grain orientation
reduces (a) Copper loss (b) Eddy current loss (c) Hysteresis loss (d) None of the above
61. In the circuit model of a transformer, the core loss is represented as (a) Series resistance
(b) Series inductance (c) Shunt resistance (d) Shunt inductance
62. While performing short circuit test on a transformer, the impressed voltage magnitude is
kept constant but the frequency is increased. The short circuit current will (a) Increase1
(b) Decrease (c) Remain the same (d) None of the above
63. A transformer has a hysteresis loss of 30 W at 240 V, 60 Hz. The hysteresis loss at 200
V, 50 Hz will be
(a) 20.8 W (b) 25 W (c) 30 W (d) 36 W
64. In a transformer, the exciting current will be in phase quadrature with the impressed
voltage provided (a) Only the leakage impedance drop is ignored (b) Only the core loss is
ignored (c) Both the leakage and impedance drop and the core loss are ignored (d) Only
no-load copper loss is ignored
65. Magnetizing impedance of a transformer is determined by (a) Short circuit test (b) Open
circuit test (c) Both open circuit and short circuit tests (d) None of these
66. A transformer is to be tested at full-load conditions consuming only losses from the
mains. We do (a) Load test (b) Open circuit and short circuit tests (c) Back-to-back test
(d) None of these
67. In a transformer operating at constant voltage if the input frequency increases the core
loss will (a) Increase (b) Decrease (c) Remain constant (d) Increase as the square of the
frequency
68. Grain-oriented laminated sheet steel in a transformer reduces (a) Copper loss (b) Eddy
current loss (c) Hysteresis loss (d) None of above
69. R1 is the resistance of the primary winding of a transformer. The turns ratio in terms of
primary to secondary is a. The equivalent resistance of the primary referred to as
secondary is (a) R1/a (b) a2 R1 (c) R1/a2 (d) None of these
70. Choose the correct statement: (a) emf per turn in high-voltage winding is more than the
emf per turn in low-voltage winding (b) emf per turn in both the finding are equal (c) emf
per turn in both the windings are not equal (d) None of these
71. If E2 and V2 be the induced emf in secondary winding and V2 be the terminal voltage
during load, the regulation of the transformer is given by (a) (b) (c) (d)
72. One transformer has leakage impedance of 1 + j 4 Ω and 3 + j 4 Ω for its primary and
secondary windings, respectively. The transformer has (a) Low voltage primary (b) High
voltage primary (c) Medium voltage primary (d) Insufficient data
73. A single-phase transformer has its maximum efficiency at 60 per cent of full load. At full
load copper loss will be (a) Equal to core loss (b) Less than core loss (c) More than core
loss (d) Zero
74. The flux in a magnetic core is alternating sinusoidally at a frequency of 600 Hz. The
maximum flux density is 2 T and eddy current loss is 15 W. If the frequency is raised to
 800 Hz and maximum flux density reduced to 1.5 T, the eddy current loss will be (a)
Same (b) Reduced to half (c) Doubled (d) Increased by 50%
75. The core flux in a transformer depends mainly on (a) Supply voltage (b) Supply voltage
and frequency (c) Supply voltage, frequency and load (d) Supply voltage and load but
independent of frequency

Answers