HOPE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE

Department of Architecture

Ecological architecture ARCH 545

ASSIGNMENT I

Prepared by Amanuel Temesgen

Id RAR/711/16

Course Instructor. Ar bruck

Submission Date May 12/2020

1 the Urban Heat Island Effect
Urban heat island is an urban area or metropolitan area that is slightly
warmer due to human activity, i.e., warmer than its neighboring rural areas.
Addis Ababa, like sebeta, sululta, holeta, is colder than its neighboring
areas. They all obtain the same amount of heat and lite from the sun, but
their distinction is how well one region absorbs and retains heat. We find
most of its portion covered by farmland, trees in the vicinity of Addis Ababa,
but in Addis Ababa it in reverses

The temperature difference is larger than the day and we can notice this
when the wind pressure is weak

The main courses of urban heat island are: -

 Modification of land surfaces to build more available or simpler

surfaces for the building of buildings, roads and infrastructure to
generate certain items that kill the plants and vegetation
 Waste heat produced by the use of energy to meet our daily needs
 Population rises, many people migrate from every part of Ethiopia to
Addis Ababa to build or get sustainable lives so that the urban heat
of the island can be increased
 Dark surfaces consume much more solar radiation, resulting in urban
concentrations.
 Materials widely used for pavement and roofs in urban environments,
such as concrete and asphalt, have considerably different thermal
bulk properties.
 Thermal conductivity and surface irradiation properties (albedo and
emissivity) relative to the rural areas surrounding them.
 The absence of greenery and vegetation
 In many urban environments, the tall building facade offers several
surfaces for sunlight reflection and absorption, improving the
efficiency with which urban areas are heated.

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2 Ecological Footprint
Simply ecological footprint measures the human demand on the earth

The quantities of nature that are needed to sustain individuals or the

economy. A productive region that can regenerate what we require from
the earth.

The accounts contrast the biologically productive area used for use by
individuals with the biologically productive area available in a country or the
planet (bio capacity, the productive area that can regenerate what people
demand from nature). In short, it is a measure of the environmental effects
of man.

The ecological footprint varies from place to place, i.e. if we compare Addis
Ababa with jema, the Addis Ababa footprint is higher than jema because of
the large population, high waste, high material consumption, geographical
position, and resources.

In other cases, sustaining the demand for population needs such as water,
electricity in Addis Abeba.... In the course of building such facilities that
threaten the ecosystem of other rural areas, the government constructs
water supplies or dams for electricity in other rural places.

Reference

www.nationalgeographic.org 
Wikipedia
climatekids.nasa.gov
www.sciencedirect.com
www.nature.me
www.footprintnetwork.org
www.footprintcalculator.org
www.treehugger.com
www.greenbiz.com