UNIVERSITY OF BRADFORD

VEHICLE ENGINEERING
(ENG2038M)

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 Contents

Abstract……………………………………………………………………………….3

History of Honda……….…….……………………………………………………….3

Honda environmental initiatives………………………………………………………4

Honda approach to safety…………………………………………………………......5

Honda mission………………………………………………………………………...5

Civic type R vs. Civic si……………………………………………………………6-9

Honda civic (8th gen)…………………………………………………………….10-11

Honda civic (8th gen)Performance………………………………………………12-13
Honda civic (9th gen) technology……………………………………………….14-16

Vtec advancement……………………………………………………………….17-20

Resurrection of the Honda Type R………………………………………………21-22

Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….23

References………………………………………………………………………….23

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 ABSTRACT
In this research, history of Honda and its founder is discussed. Comparisons of the
Civic Si & Civic Type R are studied to show the difference in the performances
between its normal and performance specs. Discussion of the 8 th gen civic is included,
and we used the 9th gen civic to show how Honda improves on their technology and
their safety aspect. VTEC advancement shows how of Honda engines reduce the
emissions and at the same time improve its performance & fuel consumption. Lastly,
is about the improvement on Honda technology & its engines which will be installed
in the 2015 Honda Type R.

HISTORY OF HONDA
On Sep 24, 1948, motorcycle builder Soichiro Honda incorporates the Honda Motor
Company in Hamamatsu, Japan. In the 1960s, the company achieved worldwide fame
for its motorcycles (in particular, its C100 Super Cub, which became the world's best-
selling vehicle); in the 1970s, it achieved worldwide fame for its affordable, fuel-
efficient cars. Today, in large part because of its continued emphasis on affordability,
efficiency and eco-friendliness (its internal motto is "Blue skies for our children).

In 1946, he took over an old factory that lay mostly in ruins from wartime bombings,
though he did not have much of a plan for what he would do there. First he tried
building what he called a "rotary weaving machine"; next he tried to mass-produce
frosted glass windows, then woven bamboo roof panels. Finally, after he came across
a cache of surplus two-stroke motors, he had an idea: motorbikes.

Honda adapted the motors to run on turpentine and affixed them to flimsy cycle
frames built by workers at the Hamamatsu factory. The bikes sold like hotcakes to
people desperate for a way to get around in post-war Japan, where there was virtually
no gasoline and no real public transit. Soon enough, Honda had sold out of those old
engines and was making his own. In 1947, the factory produced its first complete
motorbike, the one-half horsepower A-Type (nicknamed "The Chimney" because it
was so smoky and smelly). After the company's incorporation, Honda produced a
more sophisticated bike: the 1949 steel-framed, front- and rear-suspended D-Type
that could go as fast as 50 miles per hour. At the end of the 1950s, it introduced the
Cub, a Vespa clone that was especially popular with women and was the first Honda
product to be sold in the United States.

Starting in the 1960s, the company produced a few small cars and sporty racers, but it
wasn't until it introduced the Civic in 1973 that it really entered the auto market. The
car's CVCC engine burned less fuel and could pass American emissions tests without
a catalytic converter; as a result, the car was a hit with American drivers frustrated by
rising gasoline costs. The slightly larger, plusher 1976 Accord won even more fans,
and in 1989 it became the most popular car in the United States.

Soichiro Honda was inducted into the Automotive Hall of Fame in 1989. He died two
years later at the age of 84.

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 HONDA ENVIRONMENTAL INITIATIVES

Honda takes a six-region approach to pursuing its business activities worldwide, and
we are involved in a variety of initiatives to reduce our environmental footprint
globally based on a consideration of how those activities impact the environment.
Driven by our philosophy of building products close to the customer, Honda has
manufacturing operations in 6 regions worldwide.

In 2010, we established a new set of CO 2 emission reduction targets for our products,
aiming by 2020 to provide “good products to customers with speed, affordability, and
low CO2 emissions.” As we seek to realize the Honda Environmental and Safety
Vision―to realize the joy and freedom of mobility and a sustainable society where
people can enjoy life―based on these targets, we are accelerating global efforts to
address climate change, energy issues, and other environmental challenges. And
amidst increasing global pressure on companies to disclose their environmental
impacts, we are actively working to disclose the environmental performance and
initiatives of each region, the highlights of which are compiled yearly in regional
environmental reports.

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 HONDA APPROACH TO SAFETY
In April 2013, Honda adopted “Safety for Everyone” as its global safety slogan in
order to further the Honda Environmental and Safety Vision comprised of “Realizing
the joy and freedom of mobility and a sustainable society where people can enjoy
life.” To achieve these goals, we have identified three key components: 1) human;
that is safety education; 2) vehicle technologies to ensure safety and 3)
communication on safety information. We advance these concepts and at the same
time step up collaboration between the three areas to realize an accident-free,
mobility-based society.

Honda zero collisions scenario

HONDA MISSION
Maintaining a global viewpoint, we are dedicated to supplying products of the highest
quality, yet at a reasonable price for worldwide customer satisfaction.’ Dreams inspire
us to create innovative products that enhance mobility and benefit society.
Furthermore, as a socially responsible corporate citizen, we strive to address
important environmental and safety issues as we focus all our abilities on being a
company that society wants to exist.

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 CIVIC TYPE R VS CIVIC SI
Si stands for Sport injected, Type-R stands for Type-Racing.
Honda's Type-R is the best and the top of its class. Type-R is better in every way,
better handling, more horsepower, more built for higher performance tuning.

The Honda Civic Type R is the highest performance version of the Honda Civic made
by Honda Motor Company of Japan. It features a lightened and stiffened body,
specially tuned engine and upgraded brakes and chassis. Red is also used in the
interior to give it a special sporting distinction and to separate it from other Honda
models.

CIVIC SI CIVIC TYPE R

Make: Honda Honda

Curb weight 1340 kg / 2954 lbs 1260 kg / 2778 lbs

(without driver)
Power net: 147 kW / 200 PS / 197 hp 165.5 kW / 225 PS / 222 hp
Torque: 188 Nm / 139 ft-lb 215 Nm / 159 ft-lb
Final drive ratio:: 4.765 5.062
Top speed: 218 km/h / 135 mph 240 km/h / 149 mph
0-100 km/h (s): 7.8 6.6

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 Civic Type R

Civic SI

Civic Type R interior

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Civic SI interior

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Type R & Si Performance comparison

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 HONDA CIVIC (8TH GEN)
The eighth generation of the Honda Civic was introduced in 2005. This generation
introduced the "two-tier" instrument panel. In many countries, all models (including
the base model) come standard with power windows, anti-lock brakes (ABS), and
side/curtain airbags (for a total of six airbags). Additionally, the 2006 models acquired
ULEV-2 (Ultra Low Emission Vehicle) certification and boast a more powerful
engine than the 2005 counterparts while retaining almost equal fuel economy.

This car is running a new SOHC I-vtec engine. Surprising Honda creates a SOHC
engine with I-vtec technology as Honda was previously well known for their DOHC
i-vtec engines. They produce excellent performance figures at high revs. As you can
see in their previous generation civics, they run on a 1.6 (B-16) DOHC – vtec or
1.8(B-18) DOHC – engine. The latest performance cars from Honda runs on K20A
engine which is a 2.0 litre DOHC i-vtec engine producing 225bhp @ 8200rpm.

Why Honda is bringing back the SOHC technology back into its cars. Mainly SOHC
(Single Over Head CAM) has characteristics of delivering its highest power and
torque at its mid rpm (3000-5000rpm) which in short terms more economical. DOHC
gives a more sporty feeling as the higher revs you go the more power you get.
However thanks to its new lightweight aluminum VTEC rocker arms and piston oil
jets, they could go on a pretty high compression ratio to deliver the same power as a
DOHC engine.

Honda civic performance graph

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From the graph above, the torque of the 1.7 VTEC used in the previous civic is
delivered in 4800 rpm compared to the new 1.8 I-vtec on a 4300 rpm. This gives a
punchier feel at a lower revs.

Another good factor about this i-vtec engine is the dual cam settings which helps the
car to improve its economy while driving.

When the car is not need of much power, the economy cam will operate whereby the
input valves open longer as the air gets to go out more back to the throttle valve when
the piston is pushing up .This reduces power as less fuel is burned which therefore
increases fuel economy, whereas when the car goes on vtec mode the input cams are
shut quickly and the pressure is build up in the chamber which gives a higher
compression and therefore more power.

HONDA CIVIC (8TH GEN) PERFORMANCE

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The 1.8 i-VTEC engine in the 2006 Honda Civic 1.8S is a single camshaft 4-cylinder
engine with Honda’s i-VTEC system. It uses a timing chain instead of a timing belt. It
makes 140hp at 6300rpm and redlines at 7000rpm. Max torque is 174Nm at 4300rpm.
This is mated to a 5-speed automatic transmission. This is nice, because normally 5-
speed autos have only been available on more upmarket models with larger engines.
Honda claims this 1.8 i-VTEC engine has the fuel consumption similar to 1.5 liter
engines but has the performance characteristics of a 2.0. From the figure sheets, the
latter claim looks to be true.

Honda’s 1.8 liter I-VTEC engine

The 2006 Honda Civic 2.0S is powered by a 2.0 litre DOHC i-VTEC K20 engine. It is
also timing chain-driven. It makes a higher 155hp at 6500rpm, redlines at 7000rpm
and makes 188Nm of torque at 4500rpm. Like the 1.8S, it also has a 5-speed
automatic transmission but the 2.0S has a paddle shift option. What you do is you
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shift the gear lever to the S option. Then you can control the gear changes with
paddles at the back of the steering wheel. Left paddle for downshift, right paddle for
upshifts. Honda calls this S-matic. Feels much more natural than the strange
Steermatic buttons on the Honda City where upshift and downshifts are on both sides
of the steering wheel. Paddle-shifts instead of button-shifts are so much more F1-
style!

Honda’s 2.0 liter I-VTEC engine

HONDA CIVIC (9TH GEN) TECHNOLOGY

All versions of the 2014 Civic now come standard with automatic on/off headlights,
except for the base LX and the version of the model designed to maximize fuel

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economy, the Civic HF. A new Smart Entry keyless passive entry system with push-
button starting is also included for all Civics

Technology

Another major change to the 2014 Honda Civic is the new 7-inch Display Audio
system that is standard equipment for all models except the LX and HF. The
capacitive touch screen resembles a tablet computer such as an iPad and offers pinch,
tap and swipe operation, making it familiar to car buyers who are used to smart
phones and tablets. Icons designed to resemble smart phone applications help users to
access system functions quickly, and Pandora Internet Radio is built right in.

The new Display Audio system also features next-generation Honda Link smart
phone integration and services technology, which debuts in the 2014 Civic. It features
Siri Eyes Free mode when an iPhone is paired to the system, activated by pressing a
button on the car’s steering wheel. This allows the driver to receive and send text
messages and emails, among other functions.

Honda has designed the new Honda Link system to provide four primary applications
that give the user access to all features and services, including a cloud-based
navigation app that the Civic’s owner can purchase for much less than the optional
factory-installed navigation system that is offered on the EX-L, Si, Hybrid and
Natural Gas models. Additionally, Honda Link provides access to weather forecasts,
audio entrainment, Twitter and Face book updates, and listings for nearby business
establishments.

Safety

All versions of the 2014 Honda Civic except for the LX and HF models are equipped
with Lane Watch blind spot monitoring. Lane Watch uses a camera mounted to the
right-side rearview mirror to project what’s happening on the right side of the car onto
a screen in the dashboard. The driver monitors the Civic’s left blind spot using the
standard expanded-view left-side rearview mirror.

Another new safety feature for the 2014 Civic is Honda Link Assist, which is a part of
the next-generation Honda Link technology. This feature automatically notifies an
emergency services operator if the car’s airbags deploy, helping to speed rescuers to
the scene of the accident in order to administer assistance.

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 Build in touch screen GPS

Lane Watch blind spot monitoring system

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 Honda link technology

Honda civic 9th gen

VTEC ADVANCEMENT

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Among Honda’s many technologies, none ranks as synonymous with the brand as
VTEC. The company’s unique, dynamically adjustable valve train is, in large part,
what helped make ‘90s-era Civics and Integrals cooler than Ford Aspires and Daewoo
Lanoses. VTEC—short for Variable Valve Timing and Lift Electronic Control—is
more complex than Internet memes about it “kicking in, yo” would have you believe,
and has gone through a number of revisions since its introduction in the 1989 Integra
Xsi and Rsi’s B16A in Japan. Even today, VTEC remains one of the most important
solutions to balancing low emissions and high performance since the internal
combustion engine was created more than 100 years ago.

VTEC

The principles of VTEC haven’t changed much. Simple, elegant and almost entirely
mechanical, VTEC allows an engine to alternate between two different camshaft
profiles. In twin-cam configurations, each camshaft features three lobes per cylinder
—its two primary lobes and its larger, longer-duration secondary lobe—which
correspond to three respective rocker arms. Under normal conditions, the center
rocker arm, which is paired to the camshaft’s larger, center VTEC lobe, does little
more than ride on what Honda calls its Lost Motion Assembly. All of that changes
once VTEC engages, though. At a predetermined engine speed based upon the ECU, a
12V signal is sent to the engine’s VTEC solenoid, which activates the process. Here,
oil pressure forces a series of pins into place, engaging the center rocker arm, which
reacts against the camshafts’ larger, center lobes, forcing both valves to operate under
the VTEC lobe’s higher-lift, longer-duration profile. The results allow more air and
fuel into the combustion chambers, which means more power. Once engine speed is
reduced and the VTEC signal is terminated, the pins retract, disengaging the middle
rocker arm, allowing the engine to operate normally

VTEC engine

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I-VTEC

In terms of i-VTEC engines, there’s more, and it’s called Variable Timing Control
(VTC). Here, a specialized camshaft gear allows for continuously variable intake
camshaft phasing throughout the RPM range. Based upon all sorts of things that you
don’t have to worry about, like camshaft position, ignition timing, exhaust oxygen
content and throttle position, a 50-degree range of camshaft phasing is possible (25-
degree range on K24A2). Much like VTEC, the camshaft gear is electronically
controlled and hydraulically driven, resulting in reduced timing at idle and advanced
timing at higher engine speeds, which increases valve overlap and power. Fittingly,
the “I” in i-VTEC stands for “intelligent” and, together, VTEC and VTC offer an
unprecedented balance between performance and emissions.

Honda offered two types of i-VTEC configurations, unofficially referred to as

performance i-VTEC and economy i-VTEC. Performance i-VTEC engines work
much like any other VTEC engine but with the addition of VTC. Economy i-VTEC
engines are the oddballs, though. Much like Honda’s emissions-conscious VTEC-E of
the mid-1990s that you don’t care about, impressive power figures was not the
primary concern during development. Most notably, their exhaust camshafts are
stripped of VTEC and their intake camshafts feature only two lobes and two rocker
arms per cylinder instead of three. Prior to VTEC engagement, economy-i-VTEC
engines make use of only a single intake valve per cylinder, even though they do
indeed feature 16-valve cylinder heads. The remaining intake valve cracks open
slightly—just enough to prevent unburnt fuel from puddling up behind itself. Also
known as valve idling, the process allows the engine to sip fuel at lower engine speeds
with improved power up top when both valves open and close normally. Even VTC is
tuned differently, with low emissions in mind. As a result, a unique swirl develops
inside of the combustion chambers as well as an extremely lean air/fuel mixture,
resulting in impressive combustion and fuel efficiency but not a whole lot of power..

I-VTEC engine

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VTEC turbo
TOKYO, Japan, November 19, 2013 - Honda Motor Co., Ltd. announced that it has
newly developed VTEC TURBO, a direct injection gasoline turbo engine most
suitable for small-to-medium-sized vehicles. The VTEC TURBO is a new addition to
the Earth Dreams Technology, the next-generation power train technologies which
achieve both the fun of driving and excellent fuel economy at a high level.

With the application of variable valve motion technology such as Honda's unique
VTEC along with direct injection turbo charging with highly-fluidized combustion
and a thorough reduction in engine friction, this engine achieves class-leading output
and environmental performance, while downsizing engine displacement.

Along with existing hybrid technology and diesel engine, the VTEC TURBO that
features displacement size variation of 2.0 L, 1.5 L and 1.0 L will be adopted by
Honda's future global models in accordance with characteristics of each model and
needs of local customers.

Lineup of direct injection gasoline turbo engines

 2.0 L 4-cylinder direct injection gasoline turbo engine

High output and high response were achieved by VTEC, a high-output
turbocharger, direct injection technology, and a high-performance cooling
system. This is an innovative high-performance engine that realizes the
maximum output of more than 280 HP as well as high environmental
performance that complies with the EURO 6, European emission standards
which will become effective in 2014.

 1.5 L 4-cylinder direct injection gasoline turbo engine / 1.0 L 3-cylinder

direct injection gasoline turbo engine
These are next-generation compact engines that combine a base engine with a
newly designed framework, the VTEC variable valve train system with
thoroughly reduced friction, a turbocharger with a low moment of inertia and
high responsiveness, and direct injection technology to achieve good balance
between high output and torque, above those of conventional naturally-
aspirated engines, along with excellent fuel economy.

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VTEC turbo engines

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 RESURRECTION OF THE HONDA TYPE R
Resurrect the Honda Type R in 2015. Pending its arrival in concession, Japanese has
left tame on their land: it was under the pedal!

Tochigi. Japan. This town, located 130 km north of Tokyo, is home to the center of
Honda’s Research & Development. A city within a city where thousands of engineers
actively Planchant on future technologies abound: autonomous car, car racing and of
course the cars as standard.

Before taking the test track in Tochigi, the Type R plot by noise. Honda worked the
exhaust emits a heady sound. Honda is explicit: the self has not yet presented its
appearance final. We are not fooled. The Civic Type R is very accomplished, and the
model that you discover in the image should look like 90% in the final model.

There can be no doubt that the Japanese has serious advantages to go to compete with
Renault Mégane RS and Focus RS 500. It starts with the transplant of a new engine
2.0 turbo petrol. Revolution, the Type R is a previously proposed atmospheric block.
201 hp, the power to 280 hp happening here. Engineers hope even 300. Auto Plus had
the opportunity to drive the sport that has proved baffling.

The Civic Type R will actually be the first model to adopt one of Honda’s all-new
VTEC TURBO engines, sporting a displacement of 2.0-liters and an output of over
280-horses.

Honda is pretty serious about the performance credentials of the new Type R, with the
brand’s CEO Takanobu Ito stating that their goal is to beat the current record of the
fastest lap for a regular production, front-wheel drive hatch on the Nürburgring,
currently held by the 265hp Renault Megane 265 Trophy at 8:07.97.

If Honda succeeds in doing so, it may very well even top or at least approach the
fastest time held by any production Honda model, the NSX-R at 7:56.73.

Besides the new engine, Honda has re-worked the Civic five-door hatchback’s chassis
components, from the suspension, to the wider tracks, electronic driver assist systems
and the big-Brembo brakes residing behind the 19-inch wheels.

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2015 Honda type R with VTEC Turbo engine

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 CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honda
 http://world.honda.com
 http://lowgearblog.wordpress.com
 http://paultan.org/2006/03/09/2006-honda-civic-in-depth/
 http://www.automobile-catalog.com/
 http://www.autotrader.com
 http://www.superstreetonline.com
 http://nstautomotive.com


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