PAGE NO.

- 1OF 9
LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED
DATE:-03.11.2007
MSQ(EPCC 1) UP GRADATION
REV.NO.- 0

PROCEDURE NO.-
PROCEDURE FOR RADIOGRAPHY TESTING
LT/MSQ/P/ RT /009

CONTENTS

1. SCOPE
2. REFERENCE
3. PERSONNEL
4. IDENTIFICATION OF FILM
5. EQUIPMENT/MATERIAL
6. TECHNIQUE
7. IQI
8. LOCATION MARKER
9. GEOMETRIC UNSHARPNESS
10. BACK SCATTER RADIATION
11. EXPOSURE
12. DENSITY
13. DARK ROOM
14. FILM PROCESSING
15. QUALITY OF RADIOGRAPHS
16. EVALUATION
17. ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
18. DOCUMENTS
19. SAFETY

L&T JACOBS
 PAGE NO.- 2OF 9
LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED
DATE:-03.11.2007
MSQ(EPCC 1) UP GRADATION
REV.NO.- 0

PROCEDURE NO.-
PROCEDURE FOR RADIOGRAPHY TESTING
LT/MSQ/P/ RT /009

1.0 SCOPE:
This procedure describes are method & techniques of radiographic examination of
butt welds of piping construction work of MSQ Up gradation Project, IOCL Panipat..
2.0 REFERENCE:
2.1 ASME SEC. V Article – 2 - Non destructive Testing – Radiographic
Examination.
2.2 ANSI B 31.3 (For acceptance Standard)- Code for Processing Piping.
2.3 ASNT Recommended practice: SNT-TC-1A-Personnel qualification and
certification in Non destructive testing.
2.4 ABB Specification No.-00000-SW-231
3.0 PERSONNEL:
All radiography activities shall be carried out by BARC certified personnel only.
Radiography shall be evaluated by certified ASNT/ISNT level II personnel.
Certificate of RSO / site-in-charge, Radiographers shall be submitted.
4.0 IDENTIFICATION OF FILM :
Each radiograph shall have permanent identification to establish its precise
location to job at least 5mm away from the weld edge. Identification shall have
minimum following requirement.
4.1 Project Identification no.
4.2 Line no.
4.3 Joint no.
4.4 X-ray unique no.
4.5 Welder no.
4.6 Thickness
4.7 Date

L&T JACOBS
 PAGE NO.- 3OF 9
LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED
DATE:-03.11.2007
MSQ(EPCC 1) UP GRADATION
REV.NO.- 0

PROCEDURE NO.-
PROCEDURE FOR RADIOGRAPHY TESTING
LT/MSQ/P/ RT /009

Any additional information shall be added as required.

5.0 EQUIPMENT/MATERIAL:
5.1 SOURCE Iridium-192/Gamma ray source as per requirement will be used.
Refer Table-1
5.2 FILM
5.2.1 ASTM CL-I or CL-II film may be used depending upon sensitivity requirement as
per table below. All films to be used for radiography shall be in good condition
and within the period of expiry date, marked on each individual carton by
manufacturer.

Type of Source and Film to be used for Radiography: Table-I

Wall
Thickness (T) Material Shop Welded Joints Field Welds
in mm
Source Film Source Film

19 ≥ T Gamma-ray AGFA D7 or Gamma-ray AGFA D7 or

All materials (Iridium 192) Equivalent (Iriduim 192) Equivalent

X-ray AGFA D7/D5 X-ray /Gamm- AGFA D5 or

8 ≥ T < 19 Carbon Steel /Gamm-ray or Equivalent ray (Iridium Equivalent
(Iridium 192) 192)

L&T JACOBS
 PAGE NO.- 4OF 9
LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED
DATE:-03.11.2007
MSQ(EPCC 1) UP GRADATION
REV.NO.- 0

PROCEDURE NO.-
PROCEDURE FOR RADIOGRAPHY TESTING
LT/MSQ/P/ RT /009

CS materials Gamma-ray AGFA D4 or Gamma-ray AGFA

<8 other than (Iridium 192) Equivalent (Iridium 192) D4/D2 or
100% RT Equivalent

5.2.2 It shall be ensured that the required sensitivity is achieved using the above films.
If the required sensitivity is not achieved consistently, fine grain films (high
contrast), shall be used. (Slow speed films)
5.2.3 A film overlap of 20mm on either side of the film shall be provided to
demonstrate the continuity of the welds. The minimum width of the film shall be
3”, however for elliptical (DWDI) image 5”x4” film shall be used.
5.3 LEAD INTENSIFYING SCREEN
Lead intensifying screen of thickness 0.125mm front screen and 0.25mm back
screen are recommended for use. Screen shall be free from scratch marks and
wrinkles. Screen showing evidence of physical damage shall be discarded.
6.0 TECHNIQUE
Any one of the following technique shall be used depend upon size, geometry &
accessibility. In general, attempt shall be made to do single wall technique.
6.1 SINGLE WALL
6.1.1 Single wall image.
This technique is mainly used for pipes, where the source can be safely placed
inside.
6.1.2 Single wall panoramic.
Single exposure, covering the whole circumference of the object. This technique
is mainly used for higher diameter pipes, where the source can be safely placed
inside. A minimum of three IQIs shall be placed 120 deg apart.

L&T JACOBS
 PAGE NO.- 5OF 9
LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED
DATE:-03.11.2007
MSQ(EPCC 1) UP GRADATION
REV.NO.- 0

PROCEDURE NO.-
PROCEDURE FOR RADIOGRAPHY TESTING
LT/MSQ/P/ RT /009

6.2 DOUBLE WALL

6.2.1 Double wall single image
This technique is used where single wall technique is not practical. A minimum
three exposures by placing source at 120 deg. Interval at outer surface, close to
the weld. SFD is approximately equal to the diameter of the pipe. Two IQIs shall
be placed on the film side, on both ends of the film, wherever possible.
6.3 DOUBLE WALL DOUBLE IMAGE (Elliptical/superimposed)
6.3.1 Elliptical
This technique is used where the diameter is 3.5” and below. Minimum two
exposures at 90 deg. to each other shall be taken for the full coverage of the weld
circumference.
6.3.2 Superimposed
As an alternative, the weld may be radiographed with radiation beam positioned
so that the images of both walls are superimposed. When complete coverage is
required, a minimum of three exposures at 120 deg. apart shall be made for each
joint.
7.0 IQI
7.1 Wire type ASTM/DIN pentameter of Hole type pentameter shall be used.
The IQI material selection shall be according to Standard practice SE 1025 or
SE747, as applicable as shall be radiographycally similar to the material being
radiographed. The thickness on which the IQI is based shall be the nominal single
wall thickness plus the maximum permitted reinforcement thickness as per
referencing code section. The designated hole IQI or essential wire shall be as
specified in table T-276. Alternatively IQI design as per T-233.2 may be
permitted.
PLACEMENT OF IQI

L&T JACOBS
 PAGE NO.- 6OF 9
LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED
DATE:-03.11.2007
MSQ(EPCC 1) UP GRADATION
REV.NO.- 0

PROCEDURE NO.-
PROCEDURE FOR RADIOGRAPHY TESTING
LT/MSQ/P/ RT /009

IQI shall be placed on source side. Where accessibility prevents hand placing IQI
on source side, it shall be placed on film side with lead letter “F” on the IQI or
adjacent to it. However, IQI identification shall not mask the area of interest
including HAZ.
7.3 PROCEDURE DEMONSTRATION:
Demonstration of the density and IQI image requirement shall be considered
satisfactory evidence of compliance with this procedure.
During establishing radiographic procedure, source side pentameters to be used.
7.4 NUMBER OF IQI
7.4.1 Each radiograph have at least one IQIs.
7.4.2 When a joint is radiographed by panoramic view in one exposure, by placing
source at the centre, the entire circumference can be radiographed by placing at least three IQIs
kept at 120° apart.
8.0 LOCATION MARKER:
Lead letters shall be used as location marker. Location marker shall appear as
radiography image and shall not be at the area interest. Location marker shall be
kept on the job itself. Placement of location marker (film/source side) shall be as
per Article II of ASME Sec.V.
9.0 GEOMETRIC UNSHARPNESS(Ug):
9.1 The source to film distance shall be maintained in such a manner that the
geometric un sharpness does not exceed the specified limits. Geometric
Unsharpness (Ug) is determined by the formula Ug=Fd/D where.
F: Source size in mm (Maximum projected dimension of radiation source or
Diagonal distance for rectangular shape)
D: Distance in mm from source to weld or object to be radiographed (source side
surface)
d: Distance in mm from source side of the weld or object being radiographed to

L&T JACOBS
 PAGE NO.- 7OF 9
LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED
DATE:-03.11.2007
MSQ(EPCC 1) UP GRADATION
REV.NO.- 0

PROCEDURE NO.-
PROCEDURE FOR RADIOGRAPHY TESTING
LT/MSQ/P/ RT /009

the film (Material thickness).

10.0 BACK SCATTER RADIATION:

A lead letter ‘B’ of ½” size (min) & 1/16” thick (min) should be attached at the
back of film holder to check back scatter radiation.
11.0 EXPOSURE:
The required exposure time shall be calculated from exposure chart or slide rules.
Exposure calculations may also be used if charts and rules are not available
12.0 DENSITY:
For X-ray, Radiography density permissible range would be 1.8 to 4.0 H & D.
For Gamma ray, Radiography density permissible range would be 2.0 to 4.0 H&D
The density variation over the area of interest shall be with minus 15% or plus
30% of the density measured near the required wire or over the STEP HOLE type
IQI. If the shim is used under the IQI density variation may exceed more than
30%
13.0 DARK ROOM
13.1 shall be located at an environment free from, dust, fume, excessive heat and
radiation. Safe lights be checked to prevent fogging of films.
13.2 Unexposed films would be kept in vertical position to prevent pressure mark.
14.0 FILM PROCESSING :
Film processing shall be done in air conditioned dark room.
Manual film processing shall be carried out as per the guide lines of SE-94, Film
processing chemicals shall be procured from reputed manufacturer and shall not
be used after expiry date. The solutions shall be prepared as per Manufacture’s
recommendation. The film shall be developed at 20° C and in accordance with the
Manufacture’s recommendation.
15.0 QUALITY OF RADIOGRAPHS:

L&T JACOBS
 PAGE NO.- 8OF 9
LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED
DATE:-03.11.2007
MSQ(EPCC 1) UP GRADATION
REV.NO.- 0

PROCEDURE NO.-
PROCEDURE FOR RADIOGRAPHY TESTING
LT/MSQ/P/ RT /009

The films submitted for evaluation shall be free from blemishes to the extent that
they do not mask with image of any discontinuity in the area of interest of the
subject being radiographed. Such blemishes include, but are not limited to:
i. Fogging
ii. Processing defects such as streaks, watermarks, chemical stains,
iii. Scratches, finger marks, crimps, dirtiness, static marks, smudges
iv. False indications due to defective screens
16.0 EVALUATION:
Qualified RT Level II personnel meeting the requirements of SNT-TC-IA of
ASNT and authorized Toyo Inspector shall evaluate the radiographs. After review
by Toyo, radiographs shall be offered to EIL for their review and acceptance.
17.0 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA:
Acceptance criteria shall be s per ASME B.31.3 Table 341.3.2 and applicable
specifications.
18.0 DOCUMENTS:
Reports shall be maintained in Formats No. LT/MSQ/PIPE/RGM/013 &

LT/MSQ/PIPE/RGI/014 and copy shall be forwarded to PMC on daily basis.

All documents required by statutory bodies are to be maintained and kept at site.
19.0 SAFETY:
19.1 Precautions shall be taken as per HSE requirement of the Project as well BARC
requirements
19.2 Radiography source shall be stored in a pit in an exclusive storage room with lock
and key arrangement. This pit shall be approved by BARC. Source transfer
certificate, Pit room approval certificate form BARC shall be furnished to PMC.
19.3 During radiography the following precaution shall be taken.
19.3.1 Cordoning of area

L&T JACOBS
 PAGE NO.- 9OF 9
LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED
DATE:-03.11.2007
MSQ(EPCC 1) UP GRADATION
REV.NO.- 0

PROCEDURE NO.-
PROCEDURE FOR RADIOGRAPHY TESTING
LT/MSQ/P/ RT /009

19.3.2 Display of radiation symbols.

19.3.3 Display of red lights.

19.3.4 Radiations level check by Dosimeter / Radiation survey meter.

19.4 Permit for carrying out radiography, as applicable shall be obtained.
19.5 Radiographers shall wear film badges approved by BARC.

L&T JACOBS