NUESTRA SEÑORA DE ARANZAZU PAROCHIAL SCHOOL

IMPROVISED WATER FILTER WITH

MORINGA OLEIFERA SEEDS
AS FILTERING AGENT

A Research Presented to

Science Department

NSDAPS

San Mateo, Rizal

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements for the Subject Sci10

Flores, Guia
de Roja, Carla
Linco, Shyanne
Delos Santos, Alyanna
Natividad, Jerome
Garcia, Ezekiel
Calimag, Jan Mikhail
Hipolito, Alexandra
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INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

Water is a fundamental human need. Each person on Earth requires at least 20

to 50 liters of clean, safe water a day for drinking, cooking, and simply keeping

themselves clean. Water is obviously essential for hydration and for food production

—but sanitation is an equally important, and complementary, use of water. And lack

of proper sanitation services can cause diseases.

Purified water is essential for living a healthy life as such everyone should

have access to it. Drinking water conditions have great impacts on people’s

everyday life, especially in the rural and remote area s where access to safe

drinking water is very crucial. Surface water often is the only source, thus water

contaminations are difficult to avoid due to rigorous and reckless use of surface

water. Unsafe drinking water may result in fatal diseases. Statistics shows that

these diseases resulted in ninety percent of all deaths of children under five

years old in developing countries, due to low immunization of children to

infections.

Despite of fulfilment of requirement of drinking water standards, the municipal

water in used in developing countries is being improved and cost efficient water

filtration techniques are being developed commonly used to improve taste or to

eliminate any undesired matters. Various types of filters have been designed to be
 NUESTRA SEÑORA DE ARANZAZU PAROCHIAL SCHOOL

more suitable for the rural areas of the countries, but the cost as well as the filter

effectiveness is still not satisfactory and further improvement is still required .

The history of water filters can be traced to the earliest civilisations with written

records. Water filters have been used throughout history to improve the safety and

aesthetics of water intended to be used for drinking or bathing. In modern times, they

are also widely used in industry and commerce. The history of water filtration is

closely linked with the broader history of improvements in public health.

Essential to survival, water has been a primary concern for civilizations

throughout history. From the Egyptians to the ancient Greeks to the industrialized

communities of today, nearly every major settlement has clustered near a natural

source of water. These days, you have access to advanced filtration systems to

remove potentially dangerous toxins and microorganisms. With that being said, water

filtration is nothing new. In fact, even the oldest known civilizations used some form

of filtration method to provide potable water to citizens.

Purifying water may reduce the concentration of particulate matter including

suspended particles, parasites, bacteria, algae, viruses, fungi, as well as reducing

the concentration of a range of dissolved and particulate matter

The purpose of this research is to emphasis not just the importance of water

filtration but to also recognise the efficiency of creating improvised materials that can

be very useful in a man’s everyday life.

 NUESTRA SEÑORA DE ARANZAZU PAROCHIAL SCHOOL

This study is to help those people who are lacking chances of getting appliances

produced by the local markets, to help the citizens to make their own improvised

materials.

B. Statement of the Problem:

This study aims to answer these questions:

1. How do water filters work?

2. What are the purposes of the water filtration?

3. What are the elements that water filters eliminate?

C. Significance of the Study

The importance of the improvised water filter was made to establish a simple,

effective and efficient water filtration unit.

1. The benefits that the students can get through this research is they are

introduced to the concept of water filtration, water borne diseases and help

them become aware of drinking water safety.

2. The benefits that the citizens can get through this research is that they’ll be

able to produce their own improvised materials and raise awareness about

the diseases of unclean water.

D. Scope and Delimitation

 NUESTRA SEÑORA DE ARANZAZU PAROCHIAL SCHOOL

The focus of this research is to study the existing water filtration methods, and use the

knowledge to design a low cost water filtration technique. This water filtration system will

focus on cutting down the cost while maintaining filter effectiveness.

By providing affordable water filters for the rural and remote areas, will greatly improve

people’s quality of living, and reduce the risk of any waterborne diseases therefore

saving lives.

E. Materials and Methods

For this experiment you will need:

 A plastic bottle or funnel

 A vase

 Gravel

 Activated Charcoal

 Clean sand

 Cotton

 Dirt

 Water

F. Definition of Terms
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Purification. Purification is the process of rendering something pure, i.e. clean of

foreign elements and/or pollution.

Water Purification. Water purification is the process of removing undesirable

chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids and gases from water.

Rural. A countryside is a geographic area that is located outside towns and

cities.

Conditions. The state of something, especially with regard to its appearance,

quality, or working order.

Matter. Physical substance in general, as distinct from mind and spirit; (in

physics) that which occupies space and possesses rest mass, especially as

distinct from energy.

Fundamental. A central or primary rule or principle on which something is

based.

G. Hypothesis

1. Water filters use two different techniques to remove dirt. Physical filtration

means straining water to remove larger impurities. In other words, a

physical filter is a glorified sieve—maybe a piece of thin gauze or a very

fine textile membrane. (If you have an electric kettle, you probably have a

filter like this built into the spout to remove particles of limescale.) Another

method of filtering, chemical filtration, involves passing water through an

active material that removes impurities chemically as they pass through.

 NUESTRA SEÑORA DE ARANZAZU PAROCHIAL SCHOOL

There are 5 types of water filters :

 Mechanical Filters

 Absorption Filters

 Sequestration Filters

 Ion Exchange Filters

 Reverse Osmosis Filters

Each one of these addresses a different water problem and many filters actually use a

combination of these methods to perform multiple levels of filtration.

Some methods on how water filter works :

 Water flows into the control valve and out over the top of the media.

 It slowly makes its way down through the media, which captures various

contaminants as the water passes through.

 Once the cleaner water has reached the bottom of the tank, it travels up through

a central tube and out into the home.

2. Water filter has many purposes. Such as :

 You can reduce your risk of diseases

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 You can save money

 Assurance of the cleanliness of the water

 Filtered out chlorine for a healthier drink

 Stronger immune system especially for the children

3. Common Elements Removed with Filtered Water

 Arsenic : Tap water can contain dangerous levels of arsenic, a

powerful carcinogenic, that has been linked to an increased risk of the

development of several types of cancer

 Aluminum : Municipal water that is unfiltered can lead to an increased

consumption of aluminum, a metal that has been linked to Alzheimer’s

disease, hyperactivity, learning disabilities in children, skin problems,

liver disease and more.

 Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs) : DBPs are harmful elements that

result from disinfecting water with chlorine, a powerful carcinogenic.

 Fluoride : While fluoride is commonly associated with improving oral

health, it can actually cause a wide range of health problems such as

a weakened immune system and cellular damage that accelerates

aging.