PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS

Villamor, Piccio Garden, Pasay City

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Name: Magno, Jerrard D. Cr./Yr./Sec BSAET 4-1

Subject: Thermodynamics Module no. 2

TITLE:

LEARNING MODULE 02:

Conservation of Energy: First
Law of Thermodynamics

Content

Activities Page No.

I. Activity 2 3

II. Plate 2 4-8

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
Villamor, Piccio Garden, Pasay City
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

HONESTY CLAUSE

The students are expected to recognize and uphold the standard of intellectual and

academic integrity with competence as members of the academic community. As a

minimum standard of conduct in academic matters, the Philippine State College of

Aeronautics believes that the students should be truthful and are expected to submit the

product of their own efforts.

____________________________
Signature over printed name

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
Villamor, Piccio Garden, Pasay City
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

I. Activity 2

1. Give 3 examples/situations where heat transfer occurs. Explain briefly how it happens.

a. Cooking of burners on the stove will make the pan warm. Through direct contact, the pan
conducts heat energy from the stove.
b. Melting of cube ice placed into a man’s hand. Heat conducted from the man’s hands to the ice
cubes will cause it to melt.
c. The engine of a car is turned on, the hood becomes warm. The hood becomes warm due to the
conduction of heat energy from the engine to the hood of the car.

2. Explain the first law of thermodynamics.

- The first law of thermodynamics states the heat is a form of energy and subjected to the
principle of conservation of energy, where energy is neither created nor destroyed but it can
be transformed to other form of energy. For example, electrical energy to kinetic energy.

3. Determine how human metabolism can be explained by the first law of thermodynamics.

- The conversion of food into heat transfer, work, and stored fat is human metabolism. An
interesting example of the first law of thermodynamics in motion is metabolism. Considering
the body as the system of interest, we should use the first rule in activities ranging from
sleep to intense exercise to examine heat transfer, doing work, and internal energy.

II. Plate 2
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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
Villamor, Piccio Garden, Pasay City
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

1) Explain the sign convention of heat and work.

- Heat transfer to a system and work done by a system are positive. Heat transfer
from a system and work done on a system are negative.

2) A reciprocating compressor draws in 500 cubic feet per minute of air whose density is
0.079 lb/ft3 and discharges it with a density of 0.304 lb/ft3. At the suction, P1 = 15 psia; at
discharge, P2 = 80 psia. The increase in the specific internal energy is 33.8 BTU/lb and
the heat transferred from the air by cooling is 13 BTU/lb. Determine the work on the air
in BTU/min and in hp. Neglect change in kinetic energy.

Given:
v = 500 ft3/min ρ1 = 0.079 lb/ft3 Q = 13 BTU/lb
P1 = 15 psia ρ2 = 0.304 lb/ft3
P2 = 80 psia ∆u = 33.8 BTU/lb
Find:
W =? In BTU/min and in hp
Solution:
m = ρ1v1

0.079lb 500 f t 3 39.5lb

m= x =
f t3 min min

wf1 = p1v1

15 lbf 144 in2 BTU

2
x 2
x
in ft 778 lbf . ft
=
0.079 lb
f t3
35.1437 BTU
wf1 =
lb

wf2 = p2v2

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
Villamor, Piccio Garden, Pasay City
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

80 lbf 144 in 2 BTU

2
x 2
x
in ft 778lbf . ft
=
0.304 lb
3
ft

48.7079 BTU
wf2 =
lb

wf1 – Q = wf2 + w + ∆u
35.1437 BTU 13 BTU 48.7079 BTU 33.8 BTU
= − = + w+
lb lb lb lb
−60.3642 BTU 39.5 lb
w= x
lb min

−2384.38 68 BTU
W=
min

−2384.38 68 BTU min. hp

w= x
min 42.4 BTU

W = 56.2355 hp

3) Air flows steadily at the rate of 0.5 kg/s through an air compressor, entering at 7 m/s
speed, 100 kPa pressure and 0.95 m3/ kg specific volume, and leaving at 5 m/s, 700 kPa
and 0.19 m3/kg. The internal energy of the air leaving is 90 kJ/kg greater than that of
the air entering. Cooling water in the compressor jackets absorbs heat from the air at
the rate of 58kW. Compute the work in kW.
Given:
ṁ = 0.5 kg/s ∆u = 90kJ/kg Q = 58kW
V1 = 7m/s V2 = 5m/s
P1 = 100 kPa P2 = 700 kPa
v1 = 0.95 m3/kg v2 = 0.19 m3/kg
Find:
W=? in kW

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
Villamor, Piccio Garden, Pasay City
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Solution:

wf1 = p1v1

0.95 m3
= 100 kPa x
kg

95 kJ
wf1 =
kg

V 12
KE1 =
2k

7m 2
=
s ( )
1 kgm. m
2x
N . s2
0.0245 kJ
KE1 =
kg

wf2 = p2v2

0.19 m3
= 700 kPa x
kg
133 kJ
wf2 =
kg

V 22
KE2 =
2k
=¿ ¿
0.0125 kJ
KE2 =
kg

wf1 + KE1 – wf2 – KE2 – Q - ∆u = w

95 kJ 0.0245 kJ 133 kJ 0.0125 kJ 90 kJ
+ − − −58 kW − =W
kg kg kg kg kg

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
Villamor, Piccio Garden, Pasay City
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

−127.988 kJ
−58 kW =w
kg
−127.988 kJ 0.5 kg
x −58 kW =w
kg s
−63.944 kJ
−58 kW =w
s

-63.944 kw – 58 kW = w
W= -121.994 kW

4) In a steady flow apparatus, 135 kJ of work is done by each kg of fluid. The specific
volume of the fluid, pressure and speed at the inlet are 0.37 m3/kg, 600 kPa, and 16
m/s. The inlet is 32 m above the floor, and the discharge pipe is at floor level. The
discharge conditions are 0.62 m-3-/kg, 100 kPa, and 270 m/s. The total heat loss
between the inlet and discharge is 9 kJ/kg of fluid. In flowing through this apparatus,
does the specific internal energy increase or decrease and by how much?
Given:
135 kJ
w= p1 = 600 kPa v1 = 0.37m3/kg
kg
9 kJ
Q= p2 = 100 kPa v2 = 0.62m3/kg
kg
z = 32 m V1 = 16 m/s
V2 = 270 m/s
Find:
∆u =?
Solution:
wf1 = p1v1

0.37 m3
= 600 kPa x
kg
222 kJ
= kg

V 12
KE1 =
2k

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
Villamor, Piccio Garden, Pasay City
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

16 m 2
=
( )
s
1 kgm. m
2x
N . s2
0.128 kJ
= kg

wf2 = p2v2

0.62 m3
= 100 kPa x
kg
62 kJ
= kg

V 22
KE2 =
2k

270 m 2
=
(s )
1 kgm. m
2x
N . s2
36.45 kJ
=
kg

gz 1
PE1 = k

9.8066 m

=
( s )
2
( 32m )

1 ( kgm . m )
2
N .s
0.314 kJ
=
kg

Ein = Eout
wf1 + KE1 + PE1 – Q = wf2 + KE2 + w + ∆u
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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
Villamor, Piccio Garden, Pasay City
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

222 kJ 0.128 kJ 0.314 kJ 9 kJ 62 kJ 36.45 kJ 135 kJ

+ + − = + + +∆u
kg kg kg kg kg kg kg

20.008 kJ
∆u = kg
, DECREASE

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