Research Project

Chapter 1: Generalities to the Study

Work
H1 values

Demographic
H3

Job
H2 Satisfaction

Demographic – Independent Variables

Work Values and Job Satisfaction – Dependent Variables

Demographic (Age, Gender, Income, Work experience, Education Background)

1.1 Introduction of the study:

- Why this topic or major variable is very important? [Title: Analysis of Job
satisfaction based on Demographic Factors]
- Why all independent variables will affect dependent variable? (Why
demographic and work values will affect Job satisfaction)
- Population (Say, Singapore Airlines – Why? for selecting population)

1.2 Research Objective:

- To test work values based on different demographic factors
- To analyze job satisfaction when determined by demographic factors
- To find the relationship between work values and job satisfaction

1.3 Statement of Problems:

- It would be short, write concisely, briefly
- Research questions from objectives

i) Is there different in work values when determined by demographic factors?

ii) Is there different in work values when determined by job satisfaction?
iii) Is there a relationship between Work values & Job satisfaction?

1.4 Scope of Research:

- Who is the population in this study?

i) What kind of study/research

- Comparative study (Compare between 2 groups)
- Relationship
 - Experimental study/research

ii) Target, Population, Sample

- Customer
- Employee
- Executives

iii) Variables
- Dependent variables
- Independent variables

iv) Measurement
- Survey Questionnaire (How many questions you have)
- Sometimes we called Research Instruments

1.5 Limitation of the Research:

- What kind of company (Service Industry/Product Industry/Consumer
Product)
- Result from the study (Study represents – focus on whole industry/one
company/ head quarter of one company/ Bangladesh)

- Variables in the study (we are choosing only few variables)

- Sampling (Limitation in Sample Size)

1.6 Significance of the Study (Who will get benefit from this study)

1.7 Definition of terms (Specific definition of Work Values and Job Satisfaction)
 Chapter 2: Literature Review

2.1 Theory
From text books, articles (conference papers, journals paper)

2.2 Related Review Literature

(Many Researchers)
In terms of Figure or Verbal (Doctoral degree)

2.3 Previous Study

- Not more than 2 pages
(One paragraph from one researcher, another paragraph from another
researcher)
- Should be in past tense
- For collecting data, 5 previous studies would be better
- Last name, year
- Review objective, sample size (Population), Research method, statistics design,
Results of study

(3) Theory [e.g. Definition of SCM]

(2) Related Review Literature [e.g. SCM in Service Industry]

(1) Previous study [e.g. Any specific research of SCM in Hospital]

[Avoid Plagiarism – Rewording (Synonyms/Thesaurus), Tense/Voice Change, Rewrite

(Paraphrasing)]

[Turnitin/iThenticate Software (Similarity Index)] – Ethics in Research (Originality)

 Chapter 3 Research Framework
3.1 Theoretical Framework:
- Figure
- Verbal (for Doctoral)

3.2 Conceptual Framework

Work
H1 values

Demographic
H3

Job
H2 Satisfaction

3.3 Research Hypothesis: Null Hypothesis (Ho)

Alternate Hypothesis (Ha)

Two-tailed Test – You do not know the direction (No low/ No high)
Null Hypothesis Ho: No difference, Equal, No Relation
Alternate Hypothesis Ha: Difference, Unequal, Relation

One-Tailed Test – You know the direction (Low/High)

Null Hypothesis HO: Greater than, Less than (A higher than B, Lower)
Alternate Hypothesis Ha: Less than, Greater than (A lower than B, Higher)

Two-tailed Test
Ho: There is no relationship between Work values and Job satisfaction
Ha: There is a relationship between Work values and Job satisfaction

3.4: Operationalization of the Variables

Variables Concept of variables Operational Measurement Scale

Component (Statistics Scale)

Work Values Meaning in your research? What kind of Parametric Scale

(Dependent/Independent questionnaire? (Interval scale,
variables) Ratio scale)
Job Satisfaction How could you
develop the Nonparametric scale
questionnaire? (Nominal scale,
ordinal scale)
 Chapter 4: Research Methodology
4.1 Methods of Research Used
- Type of Research (Exploratory Research/Descriptive Research/Causal research)

- Research Method
- Survey Research Technique
- Observations
- Experimental Research Technique
- Secondary Data

4.2 Respondents & Sampling Procedures

- Population
- Sample (One part of Population)

- Sample Size (3 Techniques – Formula for known and unknown

population/Table for known population/ Reference
from previous study for known and unknown population)

- Sampling Procedures (2 Techniques – Probability Technique in 5

categories and Non-probability Technique in 4 categories)

[Probability Sampling – Simple Random sampling/ Systematic Sampling/ Stratified

Sampling/Cluster Sampling/ Multi stage Area Sampling]

[Non probability sampling – Convenience sampling/judgment sampling/ Quota sampling/

Snowball sampling]

4.3 Research Instruments/ Questionnaire

(What Type of Questionnaire)

- Simple Attitude scale

- Category scale
- Likert scale
- Semantic scale
- Numerical scale
- Constant sum scale
- Stapel scale
- Graphical Rating scale
- Graphics rating scale stressing visual communication

4.4 Pretests

- Reliability (Cronbach Alpha test for Master Degree)

- Validity (Content Validity - Factor Analysis for Ph.D.)
4.5 Collection of Data

- Primary Data (Interview of experts – raw data)

- How/when/where/who will collect data
- Secondary Data from Conference papers, journal papers, books, online
databases)

4.6 Statistical Treatment of Data

(Different Statistical Tools)
- Excel
- SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences)
- AMOS (Analysis of Moment Structure)
- LISREL (Linear Structural Relations)

Descriptive analysis (Demographic information of respondents and estimate

proportion among respondents)

- Frequency and Percentage

- Arithmetic mean
- Standard deviation

Inferential analysis (Test the research hypothesis as a statistical design)

If questionnaire are relevant to parametric scale (interval and ratio scale) –

Pearson Correlation
If questionnaire are relevant to non parametric scale (nominal and ordinal) –
Spearman rho
Chapter 5: Presentation of data and critical discussion of results

5.1 Descriptive analysis for demographic factors

- Analysis of Gender by using Frequency and Percentage
- Analysis of Age by using Frequency and Percentage
- Analysis of Education Level by using Frequency and Percentage
- Analysis of Income per month by using Frequency and Percentage

Descriptive analysis for screening questions (Not mandatory)

Descriptive analysis by using Average Mean and Standard Deviation (Not

mandatory)

5.2 Hypothesis testing

Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Technique through AMOS/LISREL, etc.

- SEM includes general linear model and common factor analysis

Work
H1 values

Demographic
H3

Job
H2 Satisfaction

Two-tailed Test
Ho: There is no relationship between Work values and Job satisfaction
Ha: There is a relationship between Work values and Job satisfaction

If, Null hypothesis rejects, i.e., There is a relationship between work values and job
satisfaction (Accept alternate hypothesis).

If, Null hypothesis fails to reject, i.e., There is no relationship between work values and job
satisfaction (Accept null hypothesis).
Chapter 6: Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations

6.1 Summary of findings

(Brief/ concise statements)
- Demographic factors (Based on respondents’ information)
- Hypothesis (Specific answer to each of the research questions)

6.2 Conclusions
- Explanation in terms of Statistical Language (significant and not significant)
- Explanation in terms of Academic Language (based on findings and statistical
language)

6.3 Recommendation
- Specific solutions based on the results of the study
- Suggestion based on drawbacks
- Major findings should be stated using bullets

6.4 Further study

- Further study will come up from limitations
- The results may point to a new topic or hypothesis
- This may be variation on the original theory, variables used, sample size or
statistical model that has been refined and modified to obtain a more
accurate reflection of reality

Bibliography

You must avoid plagiarism (Plagiarism is the unacknowledged use of information

discovered and reported by others or the use of their exact words, copied verbatim).

[You can take reference from books, journals, conference papers, websites, etc.]

There are 2 Styles:

1. APA (American Psychological Association) System –

Last name of Author, year of publication, e.g. (Lau, 2007) as text citations.
Last name, first name (yr), title, name of publications, volume, pp. as
reference citations

2. Number-Reference (NR) System –

[1], [2], [3] as text citations
[1] Last name, first name, title, name of publications, yr, volume, pp. as
reference citations

Appendix A: Questionnaire
Appendix B: Demography of Pre-test Respondents
Appendix C: Statistical tools