Experiment No.

3
Simple Half-Wave Dipole Antenna Design Using CST Microwave
Studio Suite

1.Introduction
Dipole antenna is very common practical wire antenna. There are several types of
dipole antennas such as Hertzian dipole, half-wave dipole, small dipole etc. A
general construction of a half-wave dipole antenna has been shown in the Fig.1.
There is a gap between two arms of half-wave dipole antenna for feeding purpose.
Here L is the total length of the antenna, D is the thickness of antenna arm and g is
the feeding gap. Radiation resistance of the half-wave dipole is 73 Ohm which
matched with the line impedance.

c
Resonant frequency: fr , Wavelength: λ = fr ,
143
Length of half-wave dipole antenna: L=
fr
L D λ
Feeding gap of the antenna: g= 200 , Radius of the wire: R= =
2 1000

Note: All dimensions in (mm) and frequency in (GHz).

 Fig. 1: Half-Wave Dipole Antenna.

2.Theoretical Calculation:

Design simple half-wave dipole antenna operates at 5 GHz and verify the results
by CST Microwave Studio.

Solution:

Feeding gap (g) 0.143 mm

3. Simulation of Simple Half-Wave Dipole Antennin CST:
3.1 Return loss and bandwidth calculation
Fig.1 shows the return loss curve. The antenna is resonating at 4.9439
GHz and the Bandwidth of the designed antenna has found as 0.5264
GHz. Ranges of frequency at -10 dB are 4.6986 GHz and 5.225 GHz.

Fig. 1: Return Loss Curve for the designed half-wave dipole antenna.

3.2 Far-field radiation pattern(3D)

3D Far-field radiation pattern for directivity has been shown in the Fig. 2.
Directivity has found as 2.174 dBi. Red color shows the maximum radiation.
 Fig. 2: 3-D Far-Field Radiation Pattern for directivity of designed half-wave dipole antenna.

3D Far-field radiation pattern for gain has been shown in the Fig. 3. Gain has found
as 2.195 dBi. Red color shows the maximum radiation.

Fig. 3: 3-D far-field radiation pattern for gain of designed half-wave dipole antenna.

3.3 Far-field radiation pattern(2D)

2D Far-field radiation pattern Polar plot for azimuthal and elevation angles have
shown in the Fig. 4
Fig. 4: 2-D far-field radiation pattern for designed half-wave dipole antenna.

Table 2: Simulated results of the designed antenna.

Parameter Value unit
Resonant frequency 4.9439 GHz
Bandwidth 0.5264 GHz
Directivity 2.174 dBi
Gain 2.149 dB