Experiment 07

Objective
To determine loss of head in pipe using bends and fittings friction apparatus

Apparatus
The equipment measures the pressure drops at various flow rates when water flow through
different pipe bends, and fittings. It is used with Hydraulic Bench. All bends and fittings are
connected in series with pressure tapping on both sides of each device. A water manometer with a
vent valve and a hand air pump is connected to these tapings. A valve at the outlet is used to control
outlet pressure.

Fig. 1 Bends and Fittings Apparatus

Experimental Procedure
1. Put the test set on the hydraulic bench, adjust leveling screws and connect water supply to
the bench outlet
2. Make sure system should be free of all air bubbles

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 3. Open the test set flow control valve, Open the bench valve and gate valve. Close the air
connector valve
4. Start the equipment. Connect the hose to air connector valve and open the air valve
5. Close the flow control valve and air connector. Switch of the system
6. Remove the hose, slowly open the air valve until height of manometer is achieved about
100-200mm. Close the air valve
7. Check that manometer height should be same before starting the experiment
8. Slowly open the flow control valve, take reading of manometer height
9. For flow rate use stop watch when it reaches a known volume, stop the stopwatch get the
reading
10. Drain the water and repeat experiment by increasing flow through flow control valve

Observations and Calculations

Test 01 Test 02 Test 03 Test 04 Test 05
Measuring
Hydraulic

Volume
Bench

Measuring Time
Flow Rate
h1
Manometer Readings

h2
h3
h4
h5
h6
h7
h8
h12
Head Loss across

h23
h34
Fittings

h45
h56
h67
h78

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Specimen Calculations

Discussion

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