CE 495

DESIGN OF WOOD STRUCTURES

Course Outcomes

Course Outcomes
Be able to design connections
Be able to design wood diaphragms
Lesson Outcomes
Be able to calculate nail capacity for withdrawl loads
Be able to calculate nail capacity for combined lateral and
withdrawl loads
Nail Withdrawal (Pull out)
Nail Withdrawal (Pull out)

Authors:
“…the usual recommendation is that withdrawal loading of
unthreaded fasteners should be avoided (in favor of other more
positive types of connections) where practical.”
Nail Withdrawal (Pull out)
Nail Withdrawal (Pull out)

Similar tables for

smooth shank
stainless steel nails
(12.2C) and for ring
shank nails (12.2E)
Nail Withdrawal (Pull out)
Common nails and spikes, box nails (carbon or stainless steel)

p = length of nail penetration

Ring shank nails

p = length of ring shank penetration

Nail Withdrawal (Pull out)

Withdrawal from side

grain

Nail tip in end grain not

permitted!
Base Conditions for Withdrawal capacity

Base Conditions
Load is normal (10-year) duration.
Wood is initially dry at the time of fabrication of a connection, and it
remains dry in service.
Temperature range is normal.
Nail is driven into the side grain of the main (holding) member.
Nail is not driven as a toenail.
If base conditions are met, W’ = W (for ASD)
Fastener Head Pull-Through
Adjustment Factors for Withdrawal Loads

ASD

Ctn = toenail factor

Ceg = 0 (for nails and spikes)

LRFD λ

3.32 0.65
Adjustment Factors for Withdrawal Loads
Nail Withdrawal (Pull out)

Toenails

0.67
Withdrawl loads

⁄3 !
cos 30 cos 30
Fastener Head Pull-Through
Fastener
Head Pull-
Through
Fastener Head Pull-Through
Adjustment Factors for Withdrawal Loads
Combined Lateral and Withdrawal loads
Spacing Requirements
NDS Requirements
Spacing Requirements
Spacing Requirements

Preboring is an effective method of avoiding the splitting.

The NDS limits the diameter of a pilot hole to a maximum
of:
90% of the nail diameter for wood with G > 0.6
75% of the nail diameter for wood with G ≤ 0.6
The adjusted lateral design value Z′ and withdrawal design
value W′ apply to connections with or without prebored
holes.
IBC Minimum Nailing Schedule
Example 1

Determine the maximum withdrawal load of a 20d

common wire nail in DF-L (G = 0.5). The side member is
a nominal 2-in member. The holding member is 4x4.
Assume dead load controls and normal temperature
and moisture conditions exist.
Nails NDS Appendix L
Nail Withdrawal (Pull out)
Adjustment Factors for Laterally Loaded Nails

ASD

Ctn = toenail factor

LRFD λ

3.32 0.65
Example 2

Determine the maximum withdrawl load of a 16d

common nail toenail in DF-L (G = 0.5). Assume
dead load controls and normal temperature and
moisture conditions exist.
Nails NDS Appendix L
Nail Withdrawl (Pull out)

Toenails

0.67
Withdrawl loads

⁄3 !
cos 30 cos 30
Nail Withdrawal (Pull out)
Homework #20

Problems 12.18 (ASD only), 12.19 (ASD only)