NAME: shakeel ahmed (MPA-02)(3-12-2018)

What would be the possible reasons of discontent in balochistan

Balochistan is the largest province of Pakistan geographically. Least populated but resources rich
province and 27 districts .At time of creation balochistan was divided into 2 parts. Gawadar was
part of oman and was purchased on sep 1958 and was made part in 1977. Balochistan province
came into being on july 1st 1970. Five major insurgency strongly reasoning the conflicts in
balochistan.

1948: First Insurgency

1958: Second Insurgency
1962:Third Insurgency
1973: Fourth Insurgency
2004–present: Fifth Insurgency

The first balochistan insurgency:

As it became evident that British India would divide into the two states of India and Pakistan, the
Baloch-populated states lobbied the British for independence. This request denied, they declared
independence on August 15, 1947. This was one day after Pakistan gained their independence.
This declaration was supported by the fact that since 1876 Kalat, the largest and most influential
Baloch state, had been an autonomous state under the British Raj. The Khan of Kalat offered to
Pakistan a special relationship of autonomy in which Pakistan would maintain authority on
defense, foreign policy, and communications. In addition to the Khan, the Kalat Assembly voted
in favor of independence. Symbolizing the willingness of the Baloch to work with, but not under
Pakistan, Mir Ghaus Bakhsh Bizenjo, a member of the Kalat Assembly, said the following: If
Pakistan wants to treat us as a sovereign people we are ready to extend our friendship. But if
Pakistan does not do so and forces us to accept this fate, flying in the face of democratic
principle, every Baluch will fight for freedom. In March 1948, despite these democratic attempts
for autonomy, the Pakistani government utilized military force to coerce the Khan of Kalat to
pledge allegiance to Pakistan. In resistance to this, the prince of Kalat took up arms against the
Pakistani government. He established his resistance from Afghanistan with a humble force of
700 tribesmen. In late 1948, this uprising was brought under control by the central government.

The second Baloch insurgency was in direct response to the One Unit scheme.
One Unit was the 1955 reorganization of Pakistan’s provinces into two provinces—East and
West Pakistan. It was largely a response to the growing political power of the numerically
dominant Bengalis in East Pakistan. In order to prevent Bengali domination, general and later
president Ayub Khan combined the provinces and tribal areas of West Pakistan into one
province. While the most apparent justification for One Unit was to marginalize the electoral
power of the Bengalis, this scheme marginalized Baloch as well. Perhaps a secondary motivation
was, as Niazi asserts, to prevent those on the periphery of the government from dominating the
elites.49 In theory, the Baloch, Pashtuns, Sindhis, and Bengalis could not ally themselves
together and overpower the ruling Punjabis and the India-born Muhajirs. Within the time period
of One Unit, the government continued its marginalization of the Baloch. For example, during
the fifteen-year span of One Unit, Balochistan had nine chief commissioners. None of these
commissioners were Baloch. The response of the Baloch was initially nonviolent. The prince of
Kalat formed a Balochi Peoples Party with the intention of ending One Unit. The Khan of Kalat
mobilized the tribal chiefs, the Sardars, against One Unit. However, before any violent
insurgency was initiated, the Army arrested the Khan on October 6, 1958. The Army also
attacked those who protested against the government. This ultimately led to Ayub Khan
declaring martial law the next day. While intended to prevent violence, the arresting of the Khan
had the opposite effect. Violence spread throughout the Balochistan areas. The government
deployed tanks, artillery, and many troops into the region. In the mid 1960s, this insurgency had
a spike of violence that was so large that some label it as a separate insurgency. It occurred after
the government forcibly removed the title of Sardar from several tribal chiefs. In 1970, Ayub
Khan’s successor General Yahya Khan ended One Unit, established the province of Balochistan,
and announced upcoming elections. Immediately the violence stopped.

THE THIRD BALOCH INSURGENCY:

Following the disastrous defeat of the Pakistani military in the 1971 Civil War, the government
approved a new constitution. For the Baloch, this was a highly successful and optimistic time.
They achieved their goal of the dissolution of One Unit and the central government was in a
weakened position following the war. Thus, the newly elected Baloch politicians were under
considerable internal pressure to push Islamabad for greater Baloch autonomy.52 This was partly
a success as the 1973 national constitution reduced the role of the central government in the
provinces. However, as Prime Minister Z.A. Bhutto began to see the Balochistan assembly
pushing away from Islamabad,53 he dismissed the provincial assembly. The immediate response
from the Baloch was war. As Baloch insurgents began to ambush Army convoys, Bhutto allied
with the Shah of Iran.54 What followed was the largest war in Balochistan, a civil war that
largely went unnoticed by the outside world.55 In this war, 55,000 Baloch fought against the
80,000 deployed Pakistani soldiers, as well as Iranian helicopter gunships.56 It was in this
insurgency that the Chamalang incident occurred. As previously discussed, this operation
significantly altered the tactics of the insurgency, causing it to simmer to a low level until
Bhutto’s arrest in the 1977 coup. Bhutto’s arrest and General Zia’s favorable treatment of the
Baloch ended the third insurgency.

THE FOURTH INSURGENCY—RESOURCES AND THE MILITARY

Natural gas in balochistan

  Today only four out of 27 districts of Balochistan have gas supply.
 23.37% of the natural gas reserves of Pakistan are located in the Sui, Balochistan.
 Immediately after the discovery of natural gas in Sui in 1953, the disputes between the
Balochs and state of Pakistan started. The supply of gas to the major cities of Pakistan
was started in 1964, but the capital of Balochistan Quetta did not receive gas until
 The largest share of natural gas comes from the Bugti tribal areas which are most
seriously afflicted by Baloch militancy.

Following are the latest reasons balochistani politican/people are not

happy with islamabad.

Nawab akbar khan bugti killing

“They might kill me. But I am sure our coming generations will continue my mission for the
attainment of Baloch rights". One main reason of Fifth Insurgency start in balochistan is killing
of nawab akbar khan bugti.

Present situation of balochistan is bad due to Brahamdagh Bugti

Brahamdagh Bugti, the grandson of Nawab Akbar Khan Bugti who is playing leading role in the
Baloch insurgency.now he was present in india. When nawab akbar bugti killed then he leave
Pakistan and go to switizland , but now he was present in india.

Haqooq-e-Balochistan Package points not implemented:

The government has implemented one-fourth of 61 proposals contained in the Haqooq-e-
Balochistan package, Senator Mian Raza Rabbani prepared the package that was divided into
five categories: constitutional, political, administrative, economic and monitoring mechanism.
The parliament formally approved the package unanimously on November 23, 2009 and a
committee headed by Raza Rabbani was charged with the responsibility of implementing the
package. After the passage of almost one and half years, only 15 proposals have been fully
implemented, 12 are in the process of being implemented while 34 proposals are in the middle
stages of implementation. The package was based on 39 points that proposed the facilitation of
the return of political exiles, the immediate release of political workers and political dialogue
with major stakeholders in the province.
Main points of Haqooq-e-Balochistan Package
 Facilitation of political exiles’ return to homeland (except those involved in terrorism)
 End to construction of cantonments Tracing missing citizens, facilitating their immediate
release
 Provincial consent in launch of mega projects
 10 percent of profits to be allocated for development of areas with natural resources.
 Constitutional matters to be settled by Constitutional Reforms Committee
 Concurrent list be deleted from Forth Schedule of Constitution
 Restructuring of NFC Award criteria
 Judicial probe into Akbar Bugti, other Baloch leaders and target killings
 Fact-finding commission to investigate circumstances that led to Akbar Bugti’s
killingRelease of all political workers except those charged with heinous crimes
 FC to replace Army at Sui
 Rs120 billion gas royalty
 Political dialogue with all stakeholders
 Provincial Assembly resolutions to be implemented
 The provincial government to amend local government ordinance
 End of all operation except actions against terrorism
 The policy of conversion of "B" areas into "A" areas to be reviewed from time to time
 The FC’s law-enforcement role to be under the chief minister, powers conferred under
the customs act to be withdrawn and the coastguard to perform its primary duty of
checking arms and narcotics smuggling
 The Federal Government to immediately give 20 per cent from its 30 per cent shares in
Saindak project to the province, which will exclusively own it on completion and after
withdrawal of the foreign company
 Judicial probe into the allotment of land at Gwadar
 Special quota in HEC scholarships.
 5,000 additional jobs at the earliest
 Ownership in oil and gas companies
 Rs1 billion for Dera Bugti IDPs
 Parliament Committee on National Security to monitor package implementation
 Fishing trawlers to be restricted to 33km from the coast, to help small fishermen.
Balochistan Woman,2000 kilometers protest march on foot from quetta
to Islamabad for missing person:
 The families of Baloch missing persons today, Friday Feb 28, 2014, completed more than
2,000 kilometers protest march on foot to highlight the issue of missing persons in
Pakistan’s volatile Balochistan province.
 The Voice for Baloch Missing Person (VBMP) organized the march, which started in
Quetta, the capital city of Balochistan on October 27, 2013 and ended in Karachi where
the marchers demonstrated in front of the Karachi Press Club on November 23.
 In the first phase of the march the families covered 730 km on foot.
 The second phase from Karachi to Islamabad began in mid-December and reached
Islamabad Friday. The second phase covered 1,200 kilometers, perhaps, setting a new
record in the global historic long-marches.
 Akhtar Mengal and PTI of six-point agenda not implemented in 100
days, due to this akhtar mengal not happy.
Balochistan National Party-Mengal (BNP-M) leader Sardar Akhtar Mengal has said
his party’s alliance with the ruling government stands on the fulfillment of six-point
agenda and if it fails to deliver then the BNP-M will part ways.
 Issue of missing peron should be resolved.
 Demographic identify of baochistan should be protected.
 Major dams must be built in balochistan.
 6% quota of balochistan in federal services should be honored.
 All afghan refugee should be repatriated honorably to their country.
 Share of mineral resources.

The Six Points of Akhtar Mengal 03 October, 2012 not implemented:

Sardar Akhtar Mengal has returned to Pakistan after three years of self-imposed exile in London
to depose on the state of Balochistan before the Supreme Court. He has submitted a six-point
plan in order to create an environment of truth and reconciliation for resolving the conflict in the
province.
 1.All covert and overt military operations against Baloch people should be continue due to this
reason people are not happy of Baluchistan.

2. All missing persons should be brought before the court of law but not implemented.
3. All the death squads operating in the province under the auspices of intelligence agencies
should end. Not implemented

4. All the political parties in the province should be allowed to function without interference of
spy agencies. Not implemented
5. Those who are envolved in east Pakistan-style killing and dumping operations against Baloch
politicians should be brought to justice. Not not implemented
6. Measures should be taken to rehabilitate the displaced Balochs.

Balochistan people against the CPEC AND GWADAR PROJECTS:

1.China and Pakistan were aiming to change the demography of Balochistan by settling hundreds
of thousands of in Gwadar. 
2.Baloch against the (CPEC), and said sale of Baloch lands in Gwadar

3. The Baloch will not allow anyone to sell their land to foreigners.

Conclusion:

People of balochistan and politican not happy with the Islamabad government due to following
reasons.
  Haqooq-e-Balochistan Package points not fully implemented
 Baloch against the (CPEC), and said sale of Baloch lands in Gwadar.
 The Six Points of Akhtar Mengal 03 October, 2012 not implemented:
 Akhtar Mengal and PTI of six-point agenda not implemented in 100 days, due to this
akhtar mengal not happy.
 Balochistan Woman,2000 kilometers protest march on foot from quetta to Islamabad for
missing person:
 missing person report of Retire justice javeed iqbal was revealed.
 Nawab akbar khan bugti killing
 Today only four out of 27 districts of Balochistan have gas supply

Due to these reasons people of not happy with government of pakistan

REFERENCES:

 Ahmad Yar Khan, Inside Baluchistan: A Political Autobiography of His Highness

Baiglar Baigi (Karachi: Royal Book Company, 1975), 111
 Niazi, “Democracy, Development and Terrorism,” 273.
 Harrison, In Afghanistan's Shadow, 25.
 Niazi, “Democracy, Development and Terrorism,” 274
 Republished in The Balochistan Point on March 3, 2014, balochistan woman
protest march on foot from quetta to Islamabad for missing person.
 Akhtar Mengal and PTI of six-point agenda august 2018
 Haqooq-e-Balochistan Package
 Proposal of Haqooq-e-Balochistan Package
 Akhtar mangal 6 point agenda submitted in supreme court 2013.
 Natural Resource Allocation in Balochistan and NWFP: Meezan Z. Khwaja, Abid
Q. Suleri and Babar Shahbaz Working Paper Series # 111 November 2009
[ CITATION Muj1 \l 1033 ]
 PDF-FILES/Artical-7_V13_No2_2012.pdf