Manual de Limba Engleza

ENGLISH FOR FLIGHT
ATTENDANTS
COURSE NOTES
Autor: Alina Duminica
structure of an airport terminal

general information regarding the structure of an airport terminal and the passenger flow
English for Flight Attendants
The first airports were usually level grass strips or open fields. Asphalt and concrete
runways came later, during the 1930s. As runways developed, radio navigation aids were
increasingly used. The first federal Air Route Traffic Control Center began operating in 1936,
and in 1941 the first Instrument Landing Systems were placed in civil aeronautics service.
The year 1950 witnessed the first use of VOR transmission. With the explosive expansion of
jet travel, air-traffic control has become increasingly sophisticated. Radar stations now
provide coverage of most of airspace, and computers are used to automate much of the
system.
The modern airport consists of facilities for handling airplanes: aprons (the area where
aircraft park next to a terminal to load passengers and baggage) on which airplanes are
parked; runways and taxiways, hangars and machine shops (workshops) for plane
maintenance, repair, and fueling, and traffic control units, whose personnel track aircraft
and guide them from take-offs through landings. Passengers are received in the terminal
buildings, which are connected to nearby highways and to parking facilities by access roads
and which contain airline ticket counters and reception desks, baggage handling
facilities, plane boarding gates, security inspection devices, and such ancillary services
as restaurants, medical centers and even nurseries. In addition, airports provide special
buildings and services for air freight, a business that has grown substantially in recent years.
Airports can be towered or non-towered, depending on air traffic density and available
funds. Due to their high capacity and busy airspace, many international airports have air
traffic control located on site. Air traffic control is a service provided by ground-based
controllers who direct aircraft on the ground and in the air. A controller’s primary task is to
prevent aircraft collision by providing separation between them. Secondary tasks include
ensuring safe, orderly and expeditious flow of traffic and providing information to pilots, such
as weather, navigation information, etc.
There are four main services provided in an airport:
 Service and maintenance of aircraft, which is the most unknown part, as the boarding
can only start when everything is ready.
 Facilities for departing passengers
 Facilities for arriving passengers
 Facilities for passengers in transit
Departing passengers are received in the departure lounges which are large enough to
accommodate peak-season crowds. Since passengers tend to arrive well ahead of check-in
time, the departure lounges may have shops and restaurants where they can spend their
time until the pre-flight formalities begin.
At the check-in desk the passengers present their tickets and their baggage to the
check-in agent, who will verify them, at the same time weighing the baggage. In exchange
they get boarding cards and baggage tags to attach to their suitcases and to their hand-
bags (carry-on bags). They also receive counterfoils which allow them to recover their items
in case they are mishandled.
After finishing the check-in procedures, passengers do the routine security checks.
Airport security normally requires baggage checks, metal screenings of individual persons,
and rules against any object that could be used as a weapon. Since the September 11, 2001
attacks, airport security has dramatically increased and got tighter and stricter than ever
before. Luckily, things are being speeded up by the use of modern security device.
Airports with international flights have customs and immigration facilities as well as a
health department. The health department is a service at the airport, which handles cases
of infectious diseases or prevents the entry of such cases into the country and also controls
the necessary vaccination certificates. The immigration office makes control checks for
blacklisted passengers and illegal immigrants.
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After the security and the immigration checks, the passengers head to the boarding
gates. The gates lead embarking passengers to jetways (jetties), which are enclosed,
moveable jet bridge connectors (also termed airway-bridge, passenger boarding bridge)
which extend from an airport terminal to an airplane, thereby enabling passengers to board
and disembark without having to go outside. Prior to the introduction of airway bridges,
passengers would normally be carried to the aircraft by shuttle buses and board it by
walking along the ground–level ramp (apron) and climbing a set of movable airstairs. This
method of boarding is still employed at many airports around the world, especially at regional
airports.
After landing, the arriving passengers go to the baggage claim area where they can
collect their luggage items from the conveyor belts (also called carousels). The conveyor
belts are a continuous moving strip on which airport passengers' bags are put for collection.
Among other facilities provided on an airport there are escalators, elevators and
moving walkways; these help reduce long walking distances in large air terminals. Also, for
the passengers transportation, airport buses and taxis wait at ground level and there may
also be a car park or rail terminus underground.
Exercises
I. Fill in the blanks choosing from the following words. One word is superfluous.
terminal, orientation, towers, aerodrome, Instrument Landing Systems, strips,

departure, facilities, maintenance, adjacent, concrete, freight, VOR, air-traffic,
coverage, fuelling, services, standards, taxiing, gates, hangars, airline ticket.
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An airport – also called (1)………………, or airfield – is a site and installation for handling the
arrival and (2)…………………… of aircraft, passengers and (3)…………………. . . Modern
passenger airports must have sufficient space for long runways, (4) ………………, terminals.
The first airports were usually level grass (5)……………………….. or open fields. Asphalt and
(6)………………………..runways came later. In 1941 the first (7)………………….
………………………were placed in civil aeronautics service. Then in the year 1950 there was the
first use of (8)……………………….transmission. (9)………………………… control has become
increasingly sophisticated and now radar stations provide (10)………………………..of most of
airspace, and computers are used to automate much of the system. The modern airport consists
of (11)……………………… for handling airplanes: runways and (12)………………... areas;
hangars and machine shops for plane (13)……………………….., repair, and (14)
……………………………; and traffic control (15)…………………………… . Passengers are
received in the (16)……………………………buildings which contain (17)…………………..
………………….. counters, baggage-handling facilities, plane-boarding (18)
…………………………….., security-inspection devices, and such ancillary (19)……………………
as restaurants and medical centers. All governments prescribe (20)……………………. for
construction and operation of airports. ICAO issues standards covering number, length, and (21)
…………………… of runways, visual ground aids, and other details.
II. Fill in the gaps with one appropriate word or phrase.
1. As a passenger you can collect your suitcase from a …………… or ………… . This
is found in the ………… …………. ………… .
2. At the ………………. ………. passengers get baggage…………… and ……… to
enable them to …………….. their items in case their luggage is ……………. .
3. They also get ……………… ………………. with the number of their seat.
4. In order to board the plane, passengers have to walk along ……………….. or also
called ………………. which extend from an ……………. ………. to the airplane.
5. ………………. ………… are used to carry passengers to the plane at regional
airports.
6. Facilities like ………………. ……………………….. ………………………… are
provided for passengers in large airports to reduce long walking distances.
THE AIRCRAFT DESIGN AND STRUCTURE
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PAR.1- The airplane is the basic element of all air transportation. It is therefore important for
people working in the business to get familiar with the characteristics and facilities offered by
the various types of aircraft in service.
The front end of an airplane is called the nose and the rear end is called the tail. The
airplane can be considered as consisting of an engine and an airframe.
The airframe is generally made up of five principal units: the wings, the stabilizers, the
fuselage, the landing gear and the control surfaces.
On an airplane, four forces are at work: two opposing each other on the horizontal plan
and two opposing each other on the vertical plan. These forces are: thrust, weight, drag
and lift. When thrust and lift exceed gravity and weight, flight will be achieved. The distance
needed for an aircraft to take off depends on:
 The shape and size of the wing
 The thrust per engine
 The actual take-off weight of the plane
 The density of the air varying according to the altitude of the runway
 The time of departure
 The speed on the ground
 The wind and its direction, if any.
PAR.2 -The aircraft wings provide the lifting surface for the airplane. The wings of the aircraft
consist of many moveable parts, which change the position and the shape of the wing as well
as increasing or decreasing the surface area of the wing. For take-off and landing, a higher
surface area of the wing is needed. The actual design, size, thickness and shape depend
upon a number of factors, e.g. the particular use for which the aircraft is designed, the
desired speed, etc.
The two edges of the wing are called: leading edge and trailing edge. The trailing
edge consists of two moveable parts which are the flap and the aileron.
The flaps are moveable parts of the wings and are used during the take-off and
landing. They are used to help control the speed of the aircraft and the amount of lift provided
by the wings. The ailerons are moveable parts of the aircraft wings. They are used to control
the angle of the aircraft when turning in flight. To achieve this, the aileron of one wing is
retracted while the other is extended, thus permitting one wing to raise and the other to dip.
PAR.3 - The aircraft tail is a a kind of vertical wing attached at the back of the fuselage to
ensure stability when flying. The tail unit (empennage) normally consists of a vertical
stabilizer (or fin) with a movable rudder hinged at the rear and a horizontal stabilizer (or
tailplane) to which the elevators are attached.
The rudder is a moveable part of the tail. Similar to the rudder of a boat, it is used to
control the direction of the aircraft. The elevator is the moveable part of the tail fin. As the
name indicates, it is used to control the elevation of the aircraft.
PAR.4 -The fuselage is the main structure or body of the airplane, to which the wings and
the tail are attached, and provides the necessary space for the crew, instruments, equipment,
passengers and cargo. It is divided into three main compartments:
 The cockpit (for the flight crew)

 The hold (which accommodates the baggage, mail and cargo)
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 The cabin compartment (for the passengers and the cabin crew).
PAR.5 - The landing gear of the airplane also called undercarriage has the function of
supporting the airplane when in contact with the ground and also of withstanding the loads
sustained during landing. Most modern airplanes feature a tricycle undercarriage (or
landing gear) which comprises three units: two main wheel units and a nose wheel unit.
Each unit consists of a leg and a wheel. Each wheel is equipped with a pneumatic tyre. Most
main wheel undercarriage units are fitted with brakes, usually of the disc type, activated
hydraulically. On higher performance aircraft the landing gear is retractable. In other words,
the separate units may be folded up into the airframe, thereby minimizing drag during flight.
PAR.6 - An airplane may turn about three axes. They intersect at the center of gravity of the
airplane and each one is perpendicular to the other two.
The longitudinal axis is the imaginary line which extends lengthwise through the fuselage,
from nose to tail. The motion about the longitudinal axis is roll and is produced by the
movement of the ailerons located at the trailing edges of the wing.
The lateral axis is the imaginary line which extends crosswise, wing tip to wing tip. The
motion about the lateral axis is pitch and is produced by the movement of the elevators at
the rear of the horizontal tail unit.
The vertical axis is the imaginary line which passes vertically through the center of gravity.
The motion about the vertical axis is yaw and is produced by the movement of the rudder
located at the rear of the vertical tail unit.
The ailerons and the elevators are connected to the control stick from the cockpit by control
cables. The rudder is connected in the same way to the rudder pedals, also found in the
cockpit.
 Connect the following halves of sentences so as to obtain correct statements.

The first line has already been connected as a model.
1. The aircraft wings provide…h.. a.may turn about three axes.

2. The terms high wing, mid wing and low wing refer….. b.leading edge and trailing edge.
3. The airframe is made up of five principal units….. c.a control which increases drag and lift.
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4. The airplane can be considered as consisting…… d.is a device that helps to adjust the
controls for hands-free flight.
5. The two edges of the wing are called…….. e.to the particular wing location vertically.
6. The trailing edge consists of two moveable parts….. f.of an engine and an airframe.
7. The flap is…… g.the wings, the stabilizers,
the fuselage, the landing gear and the
control surfaces.
8. The motion about the longitudinal axis (roll) h.the lifting surface for the airplane.
9. The front end of an airplane………. i.is called the tail.
10. The rear end of an airplane……….. j.which are the flap and the aileron.
11. The tail unit normally consists of ………. k.with a pneumatic tyre.
12. The landing gear of the airplane has the function …. l.is produced by the movement of the rudder
13. Each wheel is equipped…. m.is called the nose.
14. An airplane…. n.a vertical and a horizontal stabilizer.
15. The trimtab…….. o.is produced by the movement of ailerons.
16. The motion about the lateral axis (pitch) p.about its lateral axis (pitch).
17. The motion about the vertical axis (yaw) r. of supporting the airplane on the ground.
18 The two ailerons control s.is produced by the movement of elevators.
19. The elevators control the movement of the airplane t.about its vertical axis.
20. The rudder controls the movement of the airplane u.the roll movement.
Passenger cabin
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An aircraft cabin is the section of an aircraft in which passengers travel. In

commercial air travel, particularly in airliners, cabins may be divided into several travel
classes:
 First Class – the highest quality, the best service and most exclusive of
accommodation available. It is typically the highest priced because the offered services are
superior to all the other travel classes.
 Business Class – high quality, traditionally purchased by business travellers. It is
more expensive, but also offers more amenities to travelers than the class below it, which
may include better food, wider entertainment options, more comfortable seats with more
room to recline and more legroom, among others.
 Economy Class (also known as coach class) – basic accommodation, commonly
purchased by leisure travellers. The level of comfort is lower than that of the other classes.
This class is primarily characterized by the short distance between each seat and a smaller
variety of food and entertainment
Most low-cost carriers only provide an Economy Class. The costs of extra services and
amenities afforded to the premium cabins is eliminated, and more seats can be installed on
an aircraft.
The passengers are “condemned” to sit for most of their flight. The passenger should be
able to: sleep, eat, relax and, overall, feel comfortable. An airline seat is a seat on
an airliner in which passengers are accommodated for the duration of the journey. On the
oldest planes, seats were armchairs which stood loosely in the cabin, but movable furniture in
the aircraft is a safety hazard so now, seats are fastened to the floor, usually attached to rails
found underneath. They are usually arranged in rows running across the airplane's fuselage.
A diagram of such seats in an aircraft is called an aircraft seat map / plan. Airline cabins are
frequently classified as narrow-body if there is a single aisle with seats on either side,
or wide-body if there are two aisles with a block of seats between them in addition to the
seats on the side.
The ideal seat has several advantages for both the passenger and the airline:
- minimum weight: for each kilo more, the aircraft will consume more fuel
- Maximum comfort and ergonomic seating; possibility of inclination even on high
density seating
- 100% fire resistant materials for security reasons
- Very robust construction as it might be used up to sixteen hours a day.
Each seat is equipped with several devices and amenities. For passenger safety, each
seat is provided with a seatbelt and there is a “Fasten Seatbelts” sign above each seat.
This sign lights up whenever it is necessary for the passengers to remain seated and with the
seatbelts fastened. This is usually during taxiing, take-off and landing, but sometimes it might
happen also at cruise altitude, during the flight, if turbulence is encountered.
Other amenities include: a reclining mechanism (which is usually found in the seat
armrest) for increased comfort and tray tables, used for eating or reading. The tray tables
are usually found on the seatback, but there are cases when they are located in the armrest,
folding out in order to form a small table. This is the case with first class and business class
seats, but also with exit row seats and bulkhead seats.
Each seat is further equipped with a seat pocket and a PSU (Passenger Service
Unit). The seat pocket is found on the back of each seat and it usually contains: an air
sickness bag, a safety instructions card, the airline magazine and a duty-free shopping
catalogue.
The PSU (Passenger Service Unit) is a small console for the passenger’s use and it is
found above each seat. It usually contains:
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 an air-conditioning nozzle that can be tilted, swiveled and adjusted by the passenger

 a reading light switch – this light can be turned on by the passenger for extra light,
especially when the main cabin lights are turned off.
 A flight attendant call button – when pressed, it alerts a member of the cabin crew
on board to attend the passenger(s)in the row with the pressed button.
Among the advanced amenities for each seat there are adjustable headrests. These
allow the passenger to adjust the headrest to properly contour to his or her head. Modern
medium and long haul aircraft have headrests which can be plugged into each seat control
panel. There is usually a choice of 5 to 10 audio channels providing most kind of music
styles. Some airlines also place video screens either in the ceiling or in the back of each
seat as part of the in-flight entertainment system. On longer flights, several movies are
shown on these screens after the meal service.
Beside the movies the following information may be shown:
- Safety instructions before departure
- Through a connection with the navigation system, maps may be shown together with
the actual position of the aircraft. Additionally, the following information may be
displayed: the actual speed, altitude, time, outside temperature and the distance flown
from the last airport together with the distance to be flown to the next stop.
- Arrival information for the destination airport.
- Tourist highlights of the country of arrival
- Information for connecting passengers
The seat armrest may also be equipped with power ports for small electrical appliances.
Due to interference with the radar navigation system, the use by passengers of personal
portable audio equipment, lap top computers, electronic games and other devices might be
restricted.
The kitchen of an airplane is called a galley. The galley is lined with cargo modules
containing cups and saucers, napkins, stir sticks, ice, peanuts, hot towels, coffee pots and
extra utensils. The hot air ovens are used to warm up the food which is going to be served to
passengers. The larger cargo modules are storage places for food, beverages, newspapers,
duty free articles, etc. Galleys are provided with wash basins and garbage storage. Airlines
may re-use trays, table-ware and cutlery and sometimes the garbage is divided into glass,
aluminum and papers for recycling.
At cruising altitudes of modern commercial aircraft the surrounding atmosphere is too thin
for passengers and crew to breathe without an oxygen mask, so cabins are pressurized at a
higher pressure than ambient pressure at altitude. Anyway, in the unlikely event of a loss of
pressure in the cabin, oxygen masks will be released immediately from the special
compartments above the seats, where they are located.
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The important thing for the passengers to remember about handling an oxygen mask is to
pull it to them (pulling the mask out of its holder is what starts the flow of oxygen) and to
secure the strap behind their heads. While the masks are being used, passengers are not
allowed to leave their seat for any reason until it is safe to breathe without the emergency
oxygen. Some rows of seats typically have an extra mask in case someone has an infant in
their lap or someone in the aisle needs to grab one.
In every aircraft cabin, there is also the lifesaving equipment, which includes the life
vests, the evacuation slides and the life boats / rafts.
The life vest (life jacket) is a vital necessity for airplanes which overfly a huge stretch
of water. Even with a raft on board, a life vest is essential. There's no absolute guarantee the
raft will actually make it out of the plane and even then, a life vest ensures you will stay afloat
long enough to get into the raft, no matter what condition you are in once you exit the aircraft.
No matter how physically fit you may be, you cannot rely upon your personal ability to survive
in the water without some form of additional floatation, especially so if the water is cold or you
are injured. Shock alone can have such a bad effect that a person can be rendered nearly
helpless. A life vest is usually located under each seat and special vests are available for
infants.
An evacuation /escape slide is an inflatable slide used in case of disembarking the

aircraft in an emergency, to evacuate the passengers quickly and to help them reach the
ground safely. An escape slide is required on all commercial (passenger carrying) aircraft
where the door sill height is such that, in the event of an evacuation, passengers would be
unable to "step down" from the door uninjured. Escape slides are packed and held within the
door structure, in a protruding part of the inside of an aircraft door that varies in size
depending on both the size of the aircraft and the size of the door. There are two types of
aircraft evacuation slides: slides and slide/rafts. A slide is for use only on land as a means
of escape, although it has sufficient buoyancy to allow passengers to hold on to a lanyard
running the length of it and use it as a buoyancy aid. A slide/raft is an evacuation slide that
can be used both as a means of escape in a land evacuation and also as a life raft in a
landing on water. Slide/rafts usually feature an erectable canopy, outer compartments to hold
passengers and survival packs containing items such as leak stoppers, paddles and flares.
Additional Inflatable lifeboats, also called life rafts, are stored in the ceiling near the
exits. They may be equipped with auto-inflation carbon dioxide bottles or mechanical pumps.
Commercial aircraft are required to carry auto-inflating life rafts in case of an emergency
water landing also called ditching.
Answer the following questions.
1. How many classes are aircraft divided into?
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2. What are the armchairs on board the aircraft called?
3. What enables the strapping of the passengers in their seats.?
4. What mechanism allows the passenger to lean the seat ?
5. How many compunds can you form with the word rest in reference to the seat?
6. What in-built elements can be found over each seat?
7. How is the corridor between the seat rows called?
8. Where are video screens mounted?
9. When do oxygen masks fall out of their boxes?
10. How is the airplane kitchen called?
11. Name a few objects that can be found in the galley.
12. When are life vests to be used?
13. What life-saving equipment item is used to evacuate passsengers in case of an
emergency landing?
14. What are aircraft required to carry in case of a ditching?
15. What are some important features of escape slides/rafts?
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Announcements On board
1. WELCOME ON BOARD
Good morning/ Good afternoon/ Good evening
Ladies and gentlemen, on behalf of (airline name)………., captain X and his crew would like
to welcome you on our aircraft (type)……. to (destination) ……………..via ………………. .
The flight time to …………….will be …………. My name is ……………… and it will be a
pleasure for me and my team to be at your service today.
2. PREPARATIONS FOR TAKE-OFF
Ladies and gentlemen, we will soon be ready for take-off. Would you please adjust the
seat backs into an upright position, fold up your table, fasten your seat-belts and refrain from
smoking.
Allow us to inform you that electronic devices may not be operated during take-off and
landing. Please contact one of our flight attendants before using any electronic devices on
board. During the flight mobile phones must be switched off.
We wish you a pleasant flight.
3.BOARDING THE PLANE AFTER THE STOP-OVER

Ladies and gentlemen, captain …………….. and his crew would like to welcome you on
board this ... (airline name).. flight to ……….. . The flight time to ……….. will be ……… . We
will be flying at an altitude of ………, at a speed of ……… . . Electronic devices may not be
used during take-off and landing. Please contact one of our flight attendants before using the
electronic devices on board. During the flight the mobile phones must be switched off. We will
soon be ready for take-off. Would you please adjust your seat back to the fully upright
position, fold up your tray table and fasten your seat belt. We would like to let you know that
this is a non-smoking flight.
4. DURING THE FLIGHT

In a few minutes we will be serving you snacks, aperitifs and lunch/dinner. Before landing
we will be serving you snacks/breakfast/coffee, tea and refreshments. In case you wish to
sleep during the flight we recommend keeping your seat belt fastened so that we won’t have
to disturb you, if we encounter turbulence.
Thank you for your attention and enjoy the flight!

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5. DUTY FREE SALES

Ladies and gentlemen, in a few minutes we will be starting our in-flight sales. You can find
details about the “duty-free” items in …… magazine. Please do not hesitate to contact our
cabin staff. Enjoy the on-board shopping!
6. SALES ON REQUEST
Ladies and gentlemen, if you wish to buy any “duty free” products, please contact our
cabin staff.
7. INTERRUPTION OF DUTY-FREE SALES

Ladies and gentlemen, as we have to fill in the customs declaration forms for arrival, we
have to stop selling duty free articles in about 20 minutes. Please contact our cabin crew for
the last orders.
8. AFTER LANDING
Ladies and gentlemen, we have just landed at ….airport in ….., our stop/destination.
Please remain seated with your seat belt fastened until we have reached our final parking
position and the “Fasten seat belt” sign has been switched off. Please be careful when
opening the overhead lockers as items might fall out.
The outside air temperature is … and the local time is ...
May we remind you that smoking is still not permitted?
Captain and his crew are saying ‘Good-bye” to you now. It has been a pleasure having you
as our guests and we hope to see you again on ………………… (airline name) flights.
We are sorry for the delay.
We hope you have enjoyed flying with us. Have a nice day/evening. Good-bye.
9. TRANSIT PASSENGERS
Passengers with onward connecting flights to … are requested to kindly disembark first
through the front/rear exit. Thank you!
10. DISEMBARKING
 Ladies and gentlemen, we would like to ask you to disembark through the front exit
only. Thank you!
 Ladies and gentlemen, would you please remain seated until we get the permission to
disembark?
 Ladies and gentlemen, we regret to inform you that we cannot continue our flight. A
bus service will be provided for you to…. Please take your entire luggage along with
you. Thank you for your understanding.
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 Ladies and gentlemen, the continuation of our flight depends on the weather
conditions. We ask you to kindly disembark taking all your belongings along with you.
You will receive further information as soon as possible. Thank you!
11. AIRPLANE CHANGE

Ladies and gentlemen as an aircraft change will take place on account of technical
reasons you are requested to be kind to disembark taking all your belongings along with you.
Thank you for your understanding!
12. DELAYED TAKE-OFF

Ladies and gentlemen we have not received start up clearance yet
- due to technical reasons
- due to unfavorable weather conditions …
- due to the de-icing of the airplane
- due to cargo and luggage loading
- because we are still expecting other passengers to join us
- Because the formalities are not yet complete.
Therefore our departure will be delayed by about ….
You are requested to disembark taking all your belongings along with you. The ground staff
will provide further information. Thank you for your understanding!
13. TURBULENCE
Ladies and gentlemen we are approaching an area of local turbulence. Please make sure
that your seat belts are fastened.
 We regret that we cannot offer you the usual service during this period.
 We regret that we must interrupt our service for the time being.
 We regret that we cannot begin our service at present.
We hope you will understand the situation.
14. TECHNICAL FAILURES

Ladies and gentlemen, we regret to have to inform you that due to a technical failure, the
captain has decided to return to ……/ to land in/at … There is no reason for alarm, our
captain is eliminating all risks. We will give you further information as soon as possible after
landing. Thank you!
15. HOLDING AREA

Ladies and gentlemen may we have your attention, please!
Due to heavy air traffic/unfavorable weather conditions our landing in ……….. will be delayed
by.../ we will have to return to … / to proceed on to …. We will be landing in …… in … hours
and … minutes.
You will be given further information as soon as possible. Thank you!
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16. DELAY POSSIBLITIES
 the late positioning of the airplane

 an airplane change
 technical checks of the electrical circuits
 technical check of the hydraulic system
 technical checks of the pneumatic system
 a wheel change
 technical checks of the engines
 loading problems
 refueling
 low visibility on the take-off /landing runway
 strong crosswinds on the take-off runway
 heavy snowfall at…
 icy runway
 airplane de-icing
 the late arrival of transit passengers
 the late arrival of the passengers at the airport
 airport congestion
 air traffic congestion
 airport temporarily closed down
 security checks on departing passengers
 changes in crew scheduling
 labor disputes
 late arrival of the airplane due to bad weather conditions at its previous stop
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17. EMERGENCY LANDING / DITCHING

Ladies and gentlemen, may we please have your full attention! We find ourselves in a
situation which calls for discipline and complete cooperation.
- the landing gear has jammed and we must prepare ourselves for a crash landing. The
airport has been informed and has already undertaken all measures to offer us
immediate assistance;
- one of our engines is on fire and is endangering the aircraft. The captain can no longer
reach the nearest airport, so we must prepare for a belly landing. All rescue stations
have been requested to offer us assistance.
It is of absolute importance that you follow our instructions carefully. We will now explain to
you how to prepare for an emergency landing / ditching, and what to do at the time of impact.
Instructions and orders
Ladies and gentlemen, the captain has explained the necessity of an emergency
landing/ditching. We are now going to prepare the aircraft accordingly. Please remain calm
and follow exactly the instructions of the crew.
Emergency landing
When using the slide, sit down, lean forward and keep your arms stretched out.
When leaving the cabin by the emergency windows, first one leg, and then your head.
Run to the back and slide down the wings.
- loosen your tie and unbutton your collar!
- discard all sharp or pointed objects, such as ballpoint pens, spectacles, contact lenses and
dentures. These could cause injury. Put these articles in your handbag/carry-on;
- put on your life-jackets (vests). They are located ……….. Vests of adults should be inflated
just before leaving the aircraft. In case you leave the aircraft through an emergency exit
window, the life jacket must be inflated outside the cabin;
- for the emergency landing/ditching you will have to take a safety bracing position. Would
you please watch the cabin attendant who is going to demonstrate this position to you;
- at this signal (flip of the fingers or hand wave or another signal) push the seatback in front
of you forward. Bend as far forward as possible and hug your knees tightly with your arms;
or bend forward with your hands behind your head; or prop your head on your crossed
hands resting on the seatback in front;
- the way babies are to be held will be explained personally.
- protect your head and face with clothes.
There will be several impacts before the aircraft comes to a standstill. Do not sit up until the
aircraft has come to a complete stop. Only then unfasten seat-belts.
Only on emergency landing
Page 16
Upon our order leave the aircraft as quickly as possible and run away from it. Have
another look at the safety instructions.
Flight situations
1. A passenger is trying to light a cigarette as soon as he has boarded the plane. What do
you say?
2. During the take-off a passenger gets up from his seat. What will you ask him to do?
3. A passenger is cross because he cannot find room for his hand luggage in the overhead
bin. What do you say to him?
4. A passenger is very red in the face and looks irritated. How do you address him?
5. A passenger feels a bit off color and tells you he will not be able to disembark without
help. What are you supposed to say and do?
6. A passenger is asking you for a headache pill. What should you ask him?
7. A passenger is asking you for a vegetarian plate without having previously ordered it.
What do you say to him?
8. A passenger is asking you about the transportation means from Otopeni to Bucharest city
center. What information would you give him?
9. A passenger is seized by a fit of coughing. What should you do?
10. A passenger has spilt the coffee on his clothes because of you. How do you apologize?
What will you do?
11. The airplane has had a 90 minutes’ delay and the passengers stayed in the air terminal
without being served any drinks. Since it isn’t your fault do you think you owe them any
apologies?
12. A passenger’s nose is bleeding. What do you tell him?
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o You are given the following input. Answer according to the Romanian version
already given:
1. Passengers are boarding the aircraft. One of them says: “I can’t remember my seat number.”
What do you say?
Aratati-mi, va rog, cartea dvs. de imbarcare; numarul locului este intotdeauna inscris pe ea.
2. A passenger says: “What should I do with my overcoat?” What do you say?
Ar fi mai comod pentru dumneavoastra daca l-ati pune in compartimentul de deasupra fotoliului dvs.
3. A passenger lights a cigarette before take-off. What do you say?
Imi pare rau ca trebuie sa va rog sa stingeti tigara imediat intrucit regulamentele internationale
interzic fumatul la sol.
4. A passenger looks bored. You decide to offer him a newspaper. What do you say?
Pot sa va ofer niste ziare sau reviste? V-ar amuza si v-ar mai trece plictiseala.
5. During the take-off a passenger gets up from his seat. What do you say?
Pentru propria dvs. siguranta, va rog, sa va asezati pe scaun. Statul in picioare este interzis pe
timpul decolarii.
6. You are serving pre-set meal trays. You can’t reach to serve a tray to a passenger seated by the
window. What do you say to the passenger in the aisle seat?
As putea sa va rog sa dati dvs. tava aceasta vecinului de scaun? Eu nu ajung pina la masuta lui.
7. A passenger complains “My fish is cold! What do you say?”
Imi pare rau, dar avem o defectiune la cuptor si n-am putut inclazi platourile.
8. You are selling duty-free goods. A passenger says, “I’d like some perfume for my wife, but I’m not
sure if she would like it.” What would you suggest?
Depinde de ce anume sunteti interesat; daca doriti un parfum cu miros racoros, va sugerez
Lancome, iar daca doriti unul dulce, cred ca Amarige este cea mai potrivita alegere.
9. A nervous passenger asks, “How can it be safe to fly through all this cloud?” What would you
say?
Desi este innorat afara, comandantul ne-a asigurat ca nu vom intilni zone de turbulenta pe ruta, va
rog, deci sa nu va ingrijorati.
10. A passenger asks,”How can I get to the city centre from the airport?” What would you say?
Cind vom ajunge la destinatie veti fi transportat in oras cu unul din microbuzele care fac naveta intre
oras si aeroport.
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11. You see a passenger using a laptop, which is not allowed on that particular airliner you are
working on. What do you say?
Din pacate, domnule, folosirea aparaturii electronice este interzisa la bordul acestui avion. S-ar
putea interfera cu sistemele de navigatie.
12. You are concerned because a passenger has been in the toilet for a long time. You knock
on the door. What do you say?
Regret ca trebuie sa va deranjez, dar va aflati in toaleta de destul de multa vreme. Va simtiti bine
sau pot sa va fiu de ajutor cu ceva?
o Make dialogues between you and the passenger based on the situations given
below:
 A Passenger wants something to read.
Pax: ………………………………………………………………
CA: ………………………………………………………………
 A passenger seems nervous and enquires how smooth the flight will be.
Pax: ……………………………………………………………….
CA: ………………………………………………………………..
 A passenger cannot hear anything through the headsets.
Pax: …………………………………………………………………….
CA: …………………………………………………………………….
 A passenger wants to know what dinner consists of.
Pax: ……………………………………………………………………..
CA: ……………………………………………………………………...
 A passenger complains that he is being disturbed by his neighbor and you know that
there are vacant seats left in the plane.
Pax: ………………………………………………………………………..
CA: …………………………………………………………………………
 A passenger has a serious headache and asks you for some pills.
Pax: …………………………………………………………………………..
CA: …………………………………………………………………………
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You find yourself in the following situations. What replies do you think you should
give to the passengers?
1. The passengers are boarding the airplane.

P: Excuse me madam, but I don’t know where my seat is.
C:………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
2. A passenger doesn’t know where to put his overcoat and is fidgeting helplessly.
P: I’ve been trying to put my overcoat somewhere because I don’t want it to get creased
up. Could you help me?
C:………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
3. A passenger wants to read something, but the lights in the cabin have been
switched off.
P: I wish I could read something, but I can’t see anything.
C:………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
4. A passenger looks panic-stricken because the airplane has suddenly dived to a

lower level in order to avoid a stormy area.
P: This manoeuvre of the plane has scared me out of my wits.
C:………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
5. A passenger wants a window seat for his child, but there aren’t any available.
P: My child keeps pestering me that he would like to look out of the window. Could you
help us?
C:………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
6. An inebriated passenger asks for another bottle of brandy.

P: Quick, bring me another bottle of brandy.
C:………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
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7. A passenger wants to visit the flight deck (cockpit). You know that the pilots don’t
welcome a visit in the cockpit.
P: I would like to visit the cockpit, if that’s at all possible.
C:………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
8. You notice a passenger who is about to use his mobile phone while the airplane is
in climb.
C:………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
9. A passenger is asking you, while you are serving duty-free items, to recommend
some perfume for his wife.
P: Excuse me madam, I’d like to buy some perfume for my wife, but I don’t know which
one to choose. What would you recommend ?
C:………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
10. A passenger asks you something about the smart-miles program offered by the
airline you work for.
P: Could you give me some details concerning this programme?
C:………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
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 Practice answering passengers in different situations that may arise on

board an aircraft, by translating the following sentences. Try to imagine in what
circumstances you could give the respective answers to the passengers.
1. Acest vin e mult mai bun decât celălalt.
2. Nu mai avem șampanie, avem numai vin spumos.
3. E destul zgomot, dar acest lucru e normal în caz de turbulență.
4. Turbulența e mai puțin periculoasă decât givrajul.
5. Dacă vă e cald, trebuie să beți mai multe lichide.
6. Dacă vă simțiți slăbit, trebuie să mâncați mai mult.
7. Acest bagaj nu e al dvs, al dvs e în compartimentul celălalt / următor / opus.
8. Doriți o felie de lămâie?
9. Un comandant de aeronavă trebuie să aibă multă experiență. Al nostru, de exemplu, e
pilot de aprox. 15 ani.
10. Culoarul e ingust, nu e loc destul pentru două persoane.
11. Acest film vă va inveseli.
12. Zburăm cu o viteza de aprox. 900 km/h deci vom ateriza peste 2h și jumatate.
13. Fiti atenți la scară pentru a nu aluneca / altfel puteți aluneca / cădea.
14. Dați-mi voie să vă ajut.
15. Puteți zări cerul albastru printre nori.
16. Nu puteți vedea solul din cauza norilor.
17. In zori norii reflectă lumina soarelui, care devine orbitoare. De aceea, vă rugăm să
trageți transperantele.
18. De obicei nu sunt case în jurul aeroportului.
19. Completati formularele cu litere mari.
20. Pasagerilor nu le lipseste nimic deocamdata.
21. Insoțitorii au sărit în ajutorul pasagerului bolnav.
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22. Focul și fumul au făcut ravagii.
23. S-a rănit incercând să-și aseze bagajele în compartimentul de deasupra scaunului.
24. Va voi ajuta să scoateți bagajul din compartiment.
25. Este ceață la aeroportul de destinatie. Cu toate acestea vom ateriza acolo.
26. Este compania ale cărei avioane sunt cele mai vechi.
27. În caz de turbulență vă rugăm să nu vă ridicați de pe scaune și să păstrați centurile
legate.
28. În cazul în care aveți vreo problemă, nu ezitați să ne chemați.
29. Am aterizat spre prânz / miezul nopții.
30. E mai bine să încercați să vă relaxați. De altfel, sunt sigur că zborul vă va face
plăcere.
31. Nu e nimeni printre noi care să știe să facă o injecție.
32. E cel mai bun vin pe care l-am băut vreodată.
33. Pilotul a reușit să aterizeze în ciuda vremii nefavorabile.
34. Am recuperat timpul pierdut, deci nu mai aveți nici un motiv de îngrijorare în ceea ce
privește zborul de legătură.
35. Puneți haina în compartimentul de deasupra scaunului.
36. Vesta de salvare se află sub scaunul dumneavoastră.
37. Ne pare rău, dar din cauza condițiilor meteorologice nefavorabile la aeroportul Orly,
cursa va fi deviată spre un aeroport de rezervă din Bruxelles.
38. Este periculos să rămâneți în picioare pe timpul aterizării, va rog să vă așezați și să vă
cuplați centura până la oprirea completă a motoarelor.
39. Dacă nu va supărați, ati vrea, vă rog, să schimbați locul cu un alt pasager al cărui copil
vrea neapărat să stea la fereastră?
Page 23
40. Vă rog foarte mult să vă închideți telefonul mobil pentru că aparatura electronică se
poate interfera cu sistemele de navigație și acest lucru poate genera situații neplăcute.
41. Vin imediat să vă ajut să completați formularul de declarație vamală, dar aș vrea mai
întâi să termin cu servitul băuturilor.
42. Vom avea o întarziere la decolare de aproximativ 35 de minute din cauza condițiilor
meteorologice nefavorabile de la aeroportul de destinație. Aeroportul tocmai s-a închis
din cauza ceții, de aceea va trebui să aşteptăm aprobarea de decolare de la turnul de
control. Dacă întârzierea este mai mare de 35 de minute, vă vom anunța.
43. ‘Cât va dura escala la Frankfurt ?’ ‘Nu mai mult de o oră, sau cel mult o oră și
jumătate.’Nu vă faceți griji pentru că nu veți pierde cursa de legătură pentru că poarta
de îmbarcare pentru cursa dvs. e în același terminal la care vom fi noi. ‘
44. ‘Unde se află toboganele de evacuare și când se utilizează ?’ ‘Se află în structura ușii
și se activează doar în situația unei aterizări de urgență’.
45. Dacă nu vă supăraţi, v-aş ruga să nu țineți acest obiect voluminos în brate, ar fi mai
bine să-l puneți sub scaunul din fața dvs., iar dacă nu încape, dați-mi-l mie și-i voi găsi
eu un loc.
46. Dacă doriți să cumpărați vreun obiect, puteți consulta catalogul de prezentare din
buzunarul scaunului.
47. Dacă doriţi să citiţi, aprindeţi lumina al cărei întrerupător se află în consola din cotieră.
48. Folosiţi comutatorul de canale pentru a selecta stilul muzical preferat. Televizorul este
pe canalul 2.
49. Pasagerii de la clasa economică sunt rugaţi să folosească toaletele din spate.
50. Dacă vreţi să vă rabataţi scaunul, apăsaţi pe comanda de rabatare din cotieră şi
înclinaţi-vă pe spate.
51. În buzunarul scaunului veţi găsi un pliant cu instrucţiuni de siguranţă.
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52. Dacă ocupați un scaun aflat în dreptul unei ieşiri şi nu înţelegeţi comenzile sau
informaţiile de pe cardul cu instrucțiuni de urgență, vă rugăm să luaţi legătura cu un
însoţitor de bord.
53. Rugaţi însoţitorul de bord să vă repartizeze alt loc în avion dacă vă lipseşte mobilitatea
sau nu aveţi forţa necesară să deschideţi ieşirea de avarie şi să manevraţi
mecanismele toboganului de evacuare.
54. Vom ajunge la destinaţie la timp/ cu 30 minute întârziere/ cu 10 minute mai devreme.
55. Nu vă faceţi griji, nu veţi pierde cursa de legătură întrucât vom ateriza la timp.
56. Vom avea o întârziere de 2 ore, cred că veţi pierde cursa de legătură. Ne pare rău. Va
trebui să rămâneţi peste noapte la Varşovia.
57. Zburăm la altitudinea de 10.000 de picioare.
58. Nu ştiu cum va fi vremea la Roma, dar îl voi intreba pe comandant.
59. Din cauza condiţiilor meteo nefavorabile, cursa va fi deviată spre un aeroport de
rezervă, adică Schwechat din Viena.
60. Aţi vrea vă rog să ocupaţi scaunul care v-a fost repartizat pentru moment ?
61. Am să vorbesc cu pasagerii din faţă să văd dacă n-ar vrea să facă schimb de locuri cu
dvs.
62. Mă voi ocupa de dvs. de îndată ce s-au aşezat toţi pasagerii.
63. Tineţi masca de oxigen pe faţă. Respiraţi normal. Vă veţi simţi mult mai bine.
64. Întârzierea se datorează grevei controlorilor de trafic aerian, care întârzie emiterea
autorizării de decolare.
65. După ultimul buletin meteorologic, se pare că burniţează la Paris.
66. La Praga e foarte cald şi e multă umezeală acum.
67. Îmi pare rău, dar nu vă mai pot servi băuturi alcoolice.
68. Dacă vreţi să folosiţi aparatul de ras, veţi găsi prize la toaletă.
Page 25
69. Ne pare rău că am întârziat cu servitul mesei, dar am avut anumite probleme la
bucătărie.
70. Îmi pare rău dar am constatat că nu mai avem whiskey Johnny Walker.
71. Aripile unei aeronave sunt proiectate pentru a fi flexibile. Vă rog să nu vă îngrijoraţi,
piloţii au multă experienţă.
72. Trecem prin turbulenţă în aer clar şi de aceea trebuie să întrerupem servirea mesei.
73. Vă rog să ţineţi copilul aşezat până terminăm cu servirea ceaiului, cafelei, n-am vrea
să-l opărim.
74. Vă rugăm să vă puneţi ceasul cu o oră în urmă.
75. Vreţi să vă pun biberonul copilului în frigider până când aveţi nevoie de el ?
76. O să vă ţin eu copilul cat timp mergeti la toaletă.
I. Read the text below and look at each line. Some of the lines are correct and
some have a word which shouldn’t be there. If a line is correct put a tick (√) by the
Page 26
number in the space provided. If a line has a word which shouldn’t be there, write the
word in the space on the right.
BEING AN AIR HOSTESS
1. Ever since I was at school, I’ve wanted to be an air-hostess. 1.…………………….

2. It sounded so many glamorous and 2……………………..
3. exciting, flying all over the world to exotic places 3…………………..…
4. and meeting the interesting people from different 4……………………..
5. countries. At school I studied French and Italian in order 5…………………..…
6. that to achieve my ambition. Finally, when I was 18, I 6……………………..
7. have had an interview with Air France, who accepted me. 7……………………..
8. I had to attend a three-month course, which it 8……………………..
9. included waitressing, swimming and first-aid. We also 9……………………..
10. had to learn how to put on a make-up and do our hair 10…………………….
11. so that as to be smart at all times. Learning mouth-to mouth 11…………………….
12. resuscitation it was the most difficult thing – we 12…………………….
13. practiced on plastic dolls and then on each other one. 13…………………….
14. Eventually, the day I had been looking forward to 14…………………….
15. for so much long arrived. Before take-off I showed 15…………………….
16. the whole passengers the emergency exits. One hour later 16…………………….
17. than a passenger fainted. I had to give him first aid. 17…………………….
18. After the passengers were told announced to fasten 18…………………….
19. their seat belts, the captain said the flight would be 19…………………….
20. abandoned due to a faulty fail engine. A perfect start to 20…………………….
my dream job!
II. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate missing words.
(1) ………will the weather be like when we arrive (2) …………Paris?

You won’t (3)………….. your connecting flight since we are (4) …………….of schedule.
May I show you how to (5) ………………………your seat to the upright position?
(6) ………………………the oxygen mask on your face. (7) …………….. normally.
For safety reasons we would like to make sure that only the (8) …………………of luggage (9)
…………………………. to our passengers will be (10) ………………………on this flight.
III. You are going to read a speech welcoming passengers on board an Aer Lingus
flight. Choose from the list the most suitable heading for each part (1-7) of the speech.
Page 27
There is an extra heading which you don’t need to use. Then answer the questions
below.
A Smoking B News, music and movies C Passenger service

D Travelling with children E For your comfort and safety F Seat belts
G Portable electronic equipment H Your seat I Bar and duty-free shopping
J Welcoming passengers
1. Aer Lingus is delighted to welcome you on board. The flight crew will do everything
possible to ensure that you enjoy the trip, so please do not hesitate to ask them for
assistance or advice.
2. We would ask you to pay attention while the cabin crew demonstrate the use of safety
equipment before take-off, and to read the safety instruction card which is in the seat
pocket in front of you.
3. These must be fastened during take off and landing, and whenever the “Fasten Seat Belts’
sign is switched on, we recommend that you keep your seat belt loosely fastened
throughout the flight.
4. It must be in the upright position during take-off and landing but can be reclined by
pressing the large button in the armrest. Other buttons (in the armrest or above your head,
depending on the aircraft) may be used to operate your reading light and air vent, or to call
the cabin attendant.
5. They may interfere with aircraft equipment, creating a potentially hazardous situation. With
safety as a top priority, Aer Lingus requests passengers to read this section with extra
care.
6. In response to passenger preference, all Aer Lingus scheduled flights are smoke-free.
Smoking is not permitted in any part of the aircraft at any time.
7. In addition to our in-flight catering, there is a duty-free bar service on most international
flights. An extensive range of duty-free perfumes, cigarettes, liquor, fashion and gift items
at attractive prices is also available. For details, see separate brochure in the seat pocket.
8. Our reputation as ‘friendly airline’ owes something to the fact that we make a special effort
to make children feel at home on board Aer Lingus flights. Babies’ bottles can be heated
on board (and remember that the sucking action of feeding helps to counteract any
earache that may be caused by changes in pressure during take-off and landing.) On
longer flights we carry some baby food and spare nappies. Older children will receive
travel packs.
9. On transatlantic flights we offer an extensive viewing and listening programme. For full
details turn to the back of this brochure. We hope you have a comfortable and pleasant
flight – and thank you for choosing to fly with Aer Lingus.
Question 1
What could passengers ask cabin attendants for?
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Question 2
What must be fastened during take-off ?
Question 3
What must be in the upright position during take-off?
Question 4
What may interfere with aircraft equipment?
Question 5
What is not allowed during the flight?
Question 6
What items can you purchase on the plane?
Question 7
Why is Aer Lingus considered ‘the friendly airline’?
Question 8
Which heading didn’t you use? Why do you think it didn’t belong?
IV. The words below have been removed from the text. Put them back in their
appropriate places.
pronounced to restrain bruises obvious blunt

unruly post mortem legal action aiming for
to break into
A 19 year old male passenger on board a Southwest Airlines flight en-route to Salt Lake
City became (1) ………………. and tried (2) ………….. the cockpit, 2o minutes before the
flight was due to land. As it became (3) …………………. that the man was (4) …… the
cockpit, eight passengers pounced on him and brought him down. They kicked and punched
him. The unruly passenger broke free from them and continued to kick and punch the people
around him. Some reports say that he managed to break the cockpit door. The passengers
managed (5)…………….. him again but in doing so they suffocated him. Once the aircraft
had landed the man was carried off the plane. He was (6)………..dead on arrival at Salt Lake
City hospital. It was thought at first that he died of a heart attack but the (7) …………………
showed that he died from intentional actions by another individual or individuals. He had
severe cuts and (8) ………………. to his face, body and neck along with some other (9)
…………………. force injuries. The passenger’s relatives are considering (10)
……………………….. over the airline and those passengers involved in his death, but the US
attorney’s office has decided not to charge any passengers.
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V. Ask questions corresponding to the underlined word(s).
1. All five crew on-board evacuated the aircraft.

………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. An investigation is being carried out with the help of airport security to ascertain how the
chickens managed to get on-board the aircraft.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Security forces believe that the passengers were about to hijack the aircraft.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. The aircraft had to return to the gate.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. About 8 minutes after the flight had taken off, the hijacker pulled out a home-made knife
and used it to overpower his guards.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Jet-lag affects passengers who change several time zones on their journeys.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Every so often alcohol increases dehydration.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. The flight attendant made the welcome on board announcement.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. The use of a splint is a good way of stabilizing a broken limb.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. An aspirin may relieve the passenger’s chest pain
………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. The Captain had the intention of restraining the unruly passenger.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. Cabin crews should be pretty tactful to avoid unnecessary confrontation with
passengers.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. He was fined $2,500 by the court and was also ordered to pay compensation to EVA
Airlines.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
14. They used to fly with British Airways every 4 months.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
15. During the emergency, cabin crew members help passengers evacuate the airplane.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
VI. There are ten mistakes in the following announcement. Can you find and correct
them all by re-writing the text?
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Ladies and gentlemen, as the captain just told you, we shall be landing in 20 minutes. For
safely reasons, after landing we shall be leave the aircraft using the evacuation rafts. So
please listen very carelessly and do exactly as instructed. Please return to your seats
immediately and keep your seatbelt loosened securely. When the seatbelt signs are
switched, make your way to the farthest exit. Leave all personal belongings below and
remove low-heeled shoes.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
VII. What would you say to these people? Choose from the sentences below
and fill in with the missing words.
a. a worried passenger whose wife has just fainted

b. a young boy running in the aisle to the toilet and back.
c. a loud and noisy group who are not taking emergency instructions seriously
d. a young woman with headphones who is listening to music.
e. a panicky hyper-ventilating passenger
1. Keep …………. please – you are disturbing others.

2. Breathe …………. and deeply. That’s it.
3. Don’t be upset. We’ll take ………… of her.
4. Listen. Stop…………….. .
5. Listen …………………, please. These instructions are for you.
a ………… b ……………. c …………… d ……………e …………
VIII. Match the two halves of sentences:
Page 31
1 The aft lavatory smoke detector by a group of passengers from

Yemen.
2 Maintenance were unable refused to sit down and marched up
and down the cabin.
3 An Egyptian charter flight was hijacked sounded and smoke became
evident.
4 The airline reported that the passengers in turbulence on board a United
Airlines flight.
5 One passenger was killed and several to catch the creature for over a day.
injured
IX. Answer the questions:
What problems might arise on board the aircraft in flight?
 ………………………………………………………………………………….........
 ………………………………………………………………………………….........
 ………………………………………………………………………………….........
 ………………………………………………………………………………….........
 ………………………………………………………………………………….........
What are your responsibilities during the en-route phase of flight?
 ………………………………………………………………………………….........
 ………………………………………………………………………………….........
 ………………………………………………………………………………….........
 ………………………………………………………………………………….........
 ………………………………………………………………………………….........
What will an air-hostess tell a passenger who experiences an unpleasant popping

sensation in the ears?
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
What qualities should a cabin attendant possess in order to be able to deal

successfully with any difficult situation?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
X. Rearrange the words to make correct sentences:
Page 32
1. Adults / the / had / fly / five / no / choice / but / hours / to / for / standing.
2. Crew / put / the / passengers / to / lap / told / their / cabin / children / on.
3. Uncomfortable / despite / back / decided / tourists / to / conditions / the / all / fly.
4. The / entire / stood / five-hour / flight / the /adult / for / travelers.
5. Without / were / the / masks / oxygen / standing / passengers.
6. I’ll / passport / as / well / to / need / your / see.
7. To / around / fussy / gets / if / may / have / I / she / her / walk.
8. To / the / take / gate / I / my / can / stroller?
9. Pack / these / did / bags / you / yourself?
10. One / the / hour / boarding time / be / gate / to / prior / at.
XI. Complete the text using the phrases from the box:
was obliged to are believed to have been is known to have experienced

is not known was packed is thought to have been
was seen were made to was brought are thought to be
A plane carrying 15 members of the government to a conference in Brussels

(1) .............................................................................. a small-scale fire earlier this morning.
The plane (2) ...................................................................... about 20 minutes into its journey
when the fire occurred in the luggage area. It (3) .................................................................
how the plane caught fire, but initial eyewitness accounts confirm that a trail of smoke
(4) ..................................... ...................................................... coming from the under-
carriage. The fire (5) ............................................................................... rapidly under control,
but the pilot (6) ............................................................................... make an emergency
landing. Five people (7) ............................................................................ treated for
shock. The plane (8) ............................................................................... with business
people flying to Belgium. All 209 passengers (9) .....................................................................
stay behind for questioning after landing at a military airport in northern France. Police
(10) ............................................................................... treating the incident as suspicious.
XII. Complete the dialogue using the expressions in the box:
Page 33
‘ve already done has fallen ‘s cut haven’t taken it yet

hasn’t stopped yet ‘s just regained ‘s lost
FA A laptop (1) ________________ on an elderly female passenger. She (2)

_____________her head very badly. She (3) ________________consciousness.
P Has the bleeding stopped?
FA No, it (4)_______________ .
P You need to put a bandage on it.
FA We (5)______________ . It’s still bleeding though.
P How’s her pulse?
FA We (6)______________. Ah-she (7) ______________ consciousness.
P That’s good. You can give her oxygen if necessary.
XIV. Complete sentences 1-10 with the prepositions from the box.
from in by of to
1. An epileptic fit is caused ___________ a sudden burst of excess electrical activity in the
brain.
2. Excessive alcohol consumption is the leading cause ______________ air rage.
3. Several flights have been diverted as a result_______________ storms.
4. For controllers and pilots, lack of sleep can lead ___________ errors.
5. Aviation accidents are often caused ___________human error.
6. Better training for cabin crew resulted __________fewer passenger fatalities.
7. The leading cause ________ flight delays are poor air traffic management.
8. Better flight safety has resulted _________ improvements in technology.
9. Poor judgement by the pilot resulted __________ a fatal incident.
XV. Match the emergencies 1-7 with their symptoms a-g
1. An allergic reaction a a broken bone
Page 34
2. A diabetic episode b early labour

3. Air rage c hypoglycaemic episode
4. An asthma attack d cardiac arrest
5. A fracture e an agitated or violent passenger
6. Premature childbirth f breathing problems
7. A heart attack g anaphylactic shock
XVI. Making suggestions and giving advice. Underline the correct option.
1. You won’t be able to board the plane, sir. Please try to calm down / calming down.
2. You should take / taking a thick coat and a hat, because Moscow is cold!
3. She was advised to go / going to passport control immediately.
4. Due to the reported severe turbulence, they suggested to follow / following a revised flight
path.
5. To avoid deep vein thrombosis, it can help to walk / walking around the cabin during the
flight.
6. The passenger had a very bad headache, so the flight attendant suggested take/taking an
aspirin.
7. It’s a good idea to go / going through the passenger’s belongings to see if they are taking
any medication.
8. A good way of stabilize / stabilizing a broken limb is to use a splint.
9. You may want to move / moving the patient to the rear of the plane, away from the other
passengers.
10. Try giving/ to give the passenger an aspirin – that may relieve his chest pain.
Page 35
XVII. Complete the sentences with an item from each box.
give open up stabilize inject struggling go restart
90
80
airways
70
labour limb CPR breathe insulin heart
60
Est
50
40 Vest
30 Nord
1. In case of
20 a broken leg, the first thing to do is stabilize the limb.
10
2. Women in 0 late pregnancy are discouraged from flying in case they ____________ into
Trim 1 Trim 2 Trim 3 Trim 4
_____________ .
wwwwwwwweee
3. Diabetics have to ______________ themselves with ______________ to control their blood
sugar levels.
4. Cabin crew are trained to ______________ ___________ in case of a heart attack.
5. A defibrillator can be used to ___________ the ______________ if it stops beating.
6. Asthma sufferers can carry an inhaler to ____________ the _______________ if they have
an attack.
7. An oxygen mask will help a passenger who is ____________ to _______________
XVIII. Complete sentences 1-10 with the words from the box:
adrenaline antihistamine aspirin bandage CPR defibrillator EpiPen

inhaler plaster splint
1. A(n) ____________ is a long piece of thin cloth that you wrap up around an injured part of
your body.
2. Cabin crew are trained to give ____________ in case of cardiac arrest.
3. A(n) ____________ is a piece of metal, plastic, or wood that is put next to a broken bone in
order to hold it in place.
4. A thin piece of cloth or plastic that sticks to your skin to cover a cut is called a(n)
____________.
5. A(n) ____________is often used by asthma sufferers.
6. ____________ is a drug that cures minor pain or that is used to improve the blood flow
when a patient complains of chest pain.
7. ____________ and ____________ are administered using an ____________ which can be
used to prevent anaphylactic shock.
8. A(n)______________ is a machine that gives an electric shock to a patient to restore
normal heart rhythm.
Page 36
XIX. Complete the sentences with the words and phrases in the box. In some cases,
more than one answer is possible.
breaking the law can and can’t have to illegal mustn’t

not allowed prohibited required let permitted
1. It’s ____________ to smoke in the washroom.

2. Passengers are not ____________to enter the cockpit at any time.
3. You are____________ to leave your seat during take-off and landing.
4. Carrying anything explosive onto a plane is ____________.
5. The cabin crew ____________inform passengers of safety procedures in the event of
an accident at the beginning of every flight.
6. All passengers flying to and from the US are ____________ to carry a machine-
readable passport.
7. The man was not ____________ on board because he appeared to be carrying
suspicious goods in his hand luggage.
8. It’s ____________ to fly a plane without a license.
9. Hand luggage to be taken into the cabin ____________ contain any dangerous and
flammable items.
10. Flight regulations clearly state what passengers ____________ bring onto a plane.
XX. Complete the gaps in the article with a(n) or the.
On April 28, 1988, ……… 737 took off from Hilo International Airport bound for
Honolulu with 90 passengers and five crew members on board. Nothing unusual occurred
during ……… take off and climb.
As ……… aircraft reached its normal flight altitude of 24,000 feet, ……… small section
on ………left side of ……… roof ruptured. ……… resulting explosive decompression tore off
……… large section of the roof, consisting of ……… entire top half of ……… aircraft skin
extending from just behind ……… cockpit to ……… fore-wing area.
……… first officer immediately contacted Kahului Airport on Maui to declare ………
emergency. Sadly, ……… flight attendant was ejected through ……… hole. ……… crew
performed ……… emergency landing at Kahului Airport.
Page 37
XXI. Rearrange the letters in the words below to match the definitions
1. adeprs of fires gradually affect a larger area

2. est fof to cause something to operate or to explode
3. delmorsu to burn slowly, producing smoke but not flames
4. egiint to start to burn, or to make something start to burn
5. horst cciirtu a bad electrical connection that prevents a piece of
equipment from working
6. efir gruinheetsix a foam-filled container that is used to put out a fire.
7. xegnoy akms an object that fits over your face and is used for helping
you to breathe normally
8. oehs a very long tube that water can flow through
XXII. Match the beginning with endings to make sentences.
1. The controllers alerted the ............... a blaze at San Francisco airport.

2. One of the tyres caught .................. b plastic near his seat.
3. It took eleven fire-fighters to contain ....... c engulfed the plane just seconds
after everyone had been evacuated.
4. The flight attendant tried his best to extinguish... d the small fire in the washroom.
5. The pilots could see ............. e extinguishers on every plane.
6. The emergency fire service sprayed the f fire on landing.
empennage of the plane with .......
7. Two fire services were involved in attempting g the fire on the runway.
to tackle the .......
8. A passenger thought he could smell burning ..... h smoke coming from under the
cockpit door.
9. There should be several fire .............. i emergency services as soon as
they realized there was a problem
10. The flames completely .................. j foam.
Page 38
XXVI. Read and unjumble the text below:

a. It was a terrible mess. Papers and loose items were flying everywhere. The noise was
really loud. The oxygen masks dropped down, and the temperature in the cabin reached
freezing in about 5 seconds! And then I saw that there was a hole in the side of the plane! I
was lucky: it was on the opposite side of the aircraft from me.
b. Time passed very slowly. It felt like hours before I looked out of the window and saw lights.
But really, it was only about 20 minutes after the incident. Two minutes later the intercom
came on. The pilot said that we would be landing in two minutes. We landed within two
minutes and the landing was one of the smoothest I have ever had in a 747!
c. At first, the cabin crew just hung on. They were trying to understand what had happened.
The noise made it impossible to communicate. It was night, so it was impossible to know how
high we were. Then the crew started to move the passengers away from the hole. Four of us
helped to move them towards the rear of the plane. Once they were out of danger, we
strapped ourselves back in to our seats.
d. The flight left late at night. I was in a window seat in the middle of the plane. The weather
was good and the take-off and climb out were fine. About 20 minutes into the flight there was
a slight vibration. It was odd. Then about 30 seconds later there was a loud noise – a bang –
and then there was a big, a big rush of air. The cabin filled with fog. It was fogged up for
about 15 seconds.
............................ ........................... .............................. ..............................
Answer the following questions:

1. Can you explain what happens during an explosive decompression?
2. Can you summarize the text on decompression?
Page 39
XXV. Read about four incidents of air rage and match the headlines with the stories.
1. Pilot leaves the inebriated passenger on a small island ………….

2. Flight redirected after passenger’s unusual behavior. ………….
3. Frightened passenger jailed. ………….
4. Need to smoke causes passenger to attack pilot ………….
A. A Honolulu-bound Delta Airlines jet was diverted to San Francisco on Tuesday when a
female passenger became unruly after trying to smoke in the lavatory. The pilot came back to
deal with the disturbance. He threatened to handcuff her if she didn’t calm down, but she
became hysterical and hit him in the chest. The woman was sedated and taken to hospital by
ambulance after the plane landed
B. 72-year-old Franco Massa, who was extremely nervous of flying, became drunk and
aggressive during a Munich to Toronto flight. He began to harass and elderly woman beside
him and, when the steward tried to intervene, Massa punched the steward. He had to be
restrained with plasticuffs by fellow passengers. The pilot felt the disturbance was so severe
he diverted to Heathrow. The diversion cost £ 30,000, and Massa was jailed for twelve
months
C. A transatlantic flight was diverted to Boston after top model Tatiana Vukovsky started
to behave very strangely. Flight attendants were alerted about 90 minutes into the flight when
she started jumping on her seat waving a wine bottle. She appeared very agitated and was
swearing loudly at the other passengers. Two members of the crew were bitten as they
restrained her
D. Drunken holiday-makers who abused cabin crew on a flight to Tenerife spent 36 hours
on a tiny island in the Atlantic after the airline abandoned them, 300 miles from their
destination. The men became abusive and aggressive towards staff shortly after their flight
took off from Manchester. When they refused to calm down, the pilot took the decision to
divert the plane and make an unscheduled stop-off at an airstrip on the tiny Portuguese
island of Porto Santo, and the men were removed
Page 40
XXVI. Match the beginnings with the endings to make sentences
1. Despite several warnings, the passenger refused a one of them in the arm.
2. Two of the passengers were behaving in b a disturbance on the flight.
3. The captain threatened to c in the knee after he asked her to
to calm down.
4. The passenger continued to drink more wine d to cooperate with requests.
until he became
5. Three people helped the flight attendant to restrain e agitated because she was unable
to smoke on the plane
6. She kicked the pilot f remove the drunken passenger if
he didn’t return to his seat
7. The cabin crew got hold of the passenger but he bit g plasticuffs on him.
8. The crowd of football supporters created h very drunk.
9. The traveler was I the passenger and sit her down at
the rear of the plane.
10. The cabin crew eventually managed to put j a noisy and violent way.
XXVII. Discuss the questions:
1) How could airlines prevent air-rage incidents?

2) How should cabin crew be trained to deal with these incidents?
3) How should violent passengers be restrained?
4) Do you know any stories of air rage incidents?
XXVIII. Read the texts again. In which story:
1. did the passenger use offensive language? …………

2. were passengers removed from the flight? …………
3. did a passenger go to jail? …………
4. did passengers become aggressive shortly after take-off? …………
5. did someone get bitten? …………
6. did the passenger annoy an old lady? …………
7. did the passenger have to be taken to hospital? …………
8. was the pilot assaulted? …………
Page 41
XXIX. Rearrange the words to make complete sentences
1. stopped /he / yet/ has /vomiting?

_____________________________________________________________________
2. any /began / have/ idea/ symptoms/ the/ when/ you?
_____________________________________________________________________
3. and /blood / fallen/ has / pressure/ he/ his / looks/ pale /very
_____________________________________________________________________
4. into /I’ve /just / recovery/ passenger /position / put/ the /the
_____________________________________________________________________
5. yet / bleeding / the / stopped / hasn’t.
_____________________________________________________________________
6. and / cut / has / head / his/ immediately / needs / passenger / the / treating.
_____________________________________________________________________
7. has / consciousness / the / regained / just / passenger.
_____________________________________________________________________
8. Sure / I / that / I’m / not / understand.
_____________________________________________________________________
9. An / give / can / example / me / you?
_____________________________________________________________________
10. Immediately / fasten / passengers / seatbelts / tell / the / their / to.
_____________________________________________________________________
11. From / passengers / stop / the / the / using / washroom.
_____________________________________________________________________
12. As / as / get / of / out / plane / possible / quickly / the.
_____________________________________________________________________
13. Another / have / it / problem / put / serious / to / way / we / a.
_____________________________________________________________________
14. You / aviation / start / career / your / when / did / in?
_____________________________________________________________________
15. Have / which / worked / you / at / airports?
_____________________________________________________________________
16. How / to / do / training / often / have / you / attend / courses?
_____________________________________________________________________
17. Hours / week / average / how / on / work / many / a / you / usually / do?
_____________________________________________________________________
Page 42
XXX. Underline the correct form of the verb:
1. The cabin needs to clean / cleaning.

2. The controller needs to get / getting in contact with someone in the next sector.
3. The undercarriage of the Boeing 747 needs to repair / repairing.
4. We need to change / changing the current radio frequency.
5. The aircraft will need to refuel / refueling on arrival at JFK.
6. Our technician needs to come / coming and fix the radar.
7. The landing gear needs to check / checking for any damage.
8. The emergency services need to park / parking near the end of the runway.
9. The windshield needs to replace / replacing as it has a big crack in it.
10. The trainee needs to spend / spending some time working in a different sector this week.
XXXI. Complete the sentences by putting the adjective in the comparative form:
1. Airplanes nowadays are able to fly (fast) _________________ than fifty years ago.
2. The CRM course was (difficult) _____________________ than they had thought.
3. Air traffic control systems are getting (safe) ___________________ all the time.
4. They are making the airport (big) ___________ to accommodate increased traffic.
5. Today’s weather is (warm) ___________________ than yesterday’s.
6. Air transport was (dangerous) ___________________________ than it is today.
7. This matter of airport security is (urgent) _____________________ than we thought and
we must take care of it as soon as possible.
8. Performing service on board the aircraft is (easy) ___________ than we imagined.
9. Modern planes are (fuel-efficient) ___________________________ than planes thirty
years ago.
10. A jumbo jet is able to fly (long) ___________________ than a light aircraft.
11. Heathrow is much (busy) _______________ than London’s other airports.
12. Air travel was a lot (expensive) _______________ a few years ago.
13. The flight was (long) _______________ than usual because there was a strong
headwind.
Page 43
XXXII. Underline the correct alternative:

1. The helicopter hovered just above / into the helipad before landing.
2. He looked under / around and all he could see was thick fog.
3. Please stow your bags below / down the seat in front of you.
4. The pilot looked down / out of and saw the burning aircraft on the runway.
5. The jumbo jet was towed over / into the hangar.
6. Lifejackets are found over / under your seats.
7. She suggested flying over / through the city to get a good view.
8. They decided to divert and fly towards / down Seattle instead.
XXXIII. Match the beginnings with the endings to make sentences
1) There was a thunderstorm overhead, so ... a cancelled her VFR flight

2) Because of the strong turbulence ...... b flights were diverted to an
alternative airport
3) And it’s for this reason ..... c lost control of the plane.
4) The runway is particularly slippery. The captain d expect longer stopping
should therefore ............. distances
5) As a result of strong gales ............... e passengers were told to fasten
their seat belts
6) The sky was dull and overcast. f reduced visibility near the airport
The pilot consequently............ runway.
7) The wind shear during the thunderstorm g some very severe turbulence
resulted in .........
8) The foggy conditions led to ................... h several hangers had to be
repaired
9) One of the wings of the aircraft had not been i that we have decided to suspend
de-iced and the pilot subsequently ........... two members of ground control.
Page 44
XXIII. Complete the sentences using the passive form of the verbs in brackets.
1. Because of the severe fog in the area, the flight ____was diverted________ (divert).
2. Two football supporters _________________________ the flight. (throw off)
3. A flight attendant _________________________ by the unruly passenger. (assault)
4. The aggressive traveler _________________________ to the ground by the flight attendant
and to passengers. (force)
5. The captain _________________________ in the stomach by the drunken passenger.
(punch)
6. Passengers _________________________ that the plane was experiencing technical
problems. (inform)
7. The controller _________________________ to take a leave of absence following the
accident. (tell)
8. The commercial flight _________________________ to fly through the military airspace. ( not
allow)
9. The Airbus A320 _________________________ for any damage after the emergency landing.
(check)
10. The jumbo jet _________________________ on arrival at Turin airport. (refuel)
Page 45
ANEXE
Page 46
ASKING FOR INFORMATION
1. Can /Could you tell me …… please?

2. Excuse me, do you know……? (you are at an information desk)
3. Sorry to trouble you, but……?
4. Can you help me?
5. Do you happen to know……?
6. Got any idea / any clue …….? (you are talking to a friend)
7. Could anyone tell me……? (you are talking to several people)
8. I wonder if you could tell me…….? (polite)
9. I hope you don’t mind my asking, but ……? (polite)
SAYING YOU ARE NOT SURE
1. I’m afraid I can’t be certain about that.

2. There’s some doubt in my mind (about) …..
3. I’m not at all convinced (about) ….
4. It’s not at all certain that …..
5. There’s still an element of doubt about ….
6. I find it difficult to reach a conclusion on ….
7. There’s surely some doubt about ….
OFFERING TO DO SOMETHING FOR SOMEONE
1. Let me help you …

2. Shall I …
3. If you like I could ….
4. I’ll ….
5. What can I do to help you?
6. Would you like / need any help?
7. You look like you could do with some help. [informal]
8. Here, I’ll do it for you. [informal]
Page 47
SAYING YOU DON’T KNOW
 These statements are rather polite.
1. I’m sorry I don’t know ……

2. I’m afraid I don’t know anything about …… (planes).
3. I don’t know much about ……
4. I’m afraid I don’t know ……
5. I’m sorry I can’t help you there.
6. I’m afraid I couldn’t say……
7. I’m afraid I have no idea……
 Less polite statements.
8. Sorry I don’t know.

9. Sorry, I have no idea……
10. I couldn’t tell you……
11. I wish I knew……
12. Don’t ask me…… }

13. I haven’t got a clue…… } [usually used among friends]
14. Search me …… }
15. I don’t know the first thing about …… }

16. I haven’t got a clue about …… } [could sound rude]
17. I haven’t got the faintest idea about…… }
 Formal statements
18. I’m afraid I haven’t got that information with me now. (but I’ll get it to you by the end of the
day)
19. I’m not able to help you with your enquiry / request.
20. I’m afraid I have to say very little about……
21. I must admit I don’t know a great deal about……
22. I’m sorry to say that… it’s not something I know very much about.
Page 48
ACCEPTING AN OFFER OF HELP
Here are some possible answers to “Let me help you”:

 Thank you!
 That’s very kind of you!
 O, yes, please.
 If you are sure it’s no trouble for you…
With friends:
 Cheers!
 Thanks very much!
 Just what I needed!
 Lovely! / Great! / Terrific
Very formal:
 You are most kind!
 That’s extremely kind / thoughtful of you!
REFUSING AN OFFER OF HELP
“Would you like any help?” Possible answers:

 No, really, I can manage.
 That’s very kind of you, but….
 I don’t think so, thank you.
 No, it’s al right, really.
 No, don’t bother, really.
 Thank you for offering, but….
With friends:
 No, it’s OK, thanks.
 Thanks a lot, but…
 Nice thought, but…
 No, don’t worry.
Formal:
 It’s very good of you to offer, but…
 Please, don’t trouble yourself about …
 I’m very grateful for your offer. However…
Page 49
EXPRESSING SOMETHING POSSIBLE OR PROBABLE
You tell someone that you are planning to take a trip to Hawaii.
1. That’ll probably cost you a fortune.
2. …. Will / may / might / could well ….
3. I expect ….
4. It’s quite possible / probable ….
5. It’s (quite) likely….
6. Maybe / Perhaps / Probably ….
7. That thing is / looks / seems quite possible / likely / probable.
8. It looks like / as if ….
9. Could be ….
10. I shouldn’t be surprised if ….
11. You can be sure ….
12. There’s a good chance….
13. I bet / reckon
14. Surely ….
15. There’s a good chance of ….
16. I think there’s every possibility that ….

17. I assume / I believe …..
18. It’s my expectation / prediction ……
19. It’s not out of question …..
20. It’s not unlikely ….
21. There’s always the possibility ……
22. It’s more than likely / probable ….
23. In all probability / likelihood ….
LIST OF USEFUL SYNONIMS

Page 50
Adjust = fit, put

Fasten = attach
Direct = show
Located = positioned
Rear = back, aft
Seat belt = safety belt
Unlikely = improbable, unpleasant
Pull = drag
Provided = equipped
Carefully = attentively
Frequent = regular
Customer = client
Enrolment = registration
Passenger list = passenger manifest
Details = information
Items = object, things, products
Hand luggage = carry-on luggage
Cockpit = flight deck
Clearance = approval, permission, authorization
Therefore = because of that
Proceed = continue, go on
Maintain = keep
Regarding = concerning
Suggestion = advice, recommendation
Landing gear = undercarriage
Jam = block
Accordingly = appropriately
Discard = remove
Sharp = pointed
Spectacles = glasses
Tightly = firmly
Order = instruction, command
Make sure = check
Page 51
Further information = more information

Life vest = life jacket
Upright position = vertical position
Depressurization = loss of pressure, decompression
Electronic devices = appliances, gadgets, electronic equipment
Cabin crew = stewardess, flight attendant, air hostess, cabin attendant
Senior cabin crew = purser
Mobile phone = portable phone, cell phone
Overhead locker = overhead bin, overhead compartment,
Jetway = jetty, boarding bridge, air bridge
Aisle = corridor
Conveyor belt = carousel
To board = to embark
Boarding = embarkation
Stretch = extend
Disembarkation = deplaning
To disembark = to deplane
Toilet = lavatory
Page 52

Manual de Limba Engleza

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Manual de Limba Engleza

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ENGLISH FOR FLIGHT

structure of an airport terminal

terminal, orientation, towers, aerodrome, Instrument Landing Systems, strips,

THE AIRCRAFT DESIGN AND STRUCTURE

 The cockpit (for the flight crew)

 Connect the following halves of sentences so as to obtain correct statements.

1. The aircraft wings provide…h.. a.may turn about three axes.

An aircraft cabin is the section of an aircraft in which passengers travel. In

 an air-conditioning nozzle that can be tilted, swiveled and adjusted by the passenger

An evacuation /escape slide is an inflatable slide used in case of disembarking the

Answer the following questions.

1. How many classes are aircraft divided into?

2. What are the armchairs on board the aircraft called?

3. What enables the strapping of the passengers in their seats.?

4. What mechanism allows the passenger to lean the seat ?

6. What in-built elements can be found over each seat?

7. How is the corridor between the seat rows called?

8. Where are video screens mounted?

9. When do oxygen masks fall out of their boxes?

10. How is the airplane kitchen called?

11. Name a few objects that can be found in the galley.

12. When are life vests to be used?

13. What life-saving equipment item is used to evacuate passsengers in case of an

14. What are aircraft required to carry in case of a ditching?

15. What are some important features of escape slides/rafts?

2. PREPARATIONS FOR TAKE-OFF

3.BOARDING THE PLANE AFTER THE STOP-OVER

4. DURING THE FLIGHT

Thank you for your attention and enjoy the flight!

5. DUTY FREE SALES

7. INTERRUPTION OF DUTY-FREE SALES

We are sorry for the delay.

11. AIRPLANE CHANGE

12. DELAYED TAKE-OFF

14. TECHNICAL FAILURES

15. HOLDING AREA

16. DELAY POSSIBLITIES

 the late positioning of the airplane

17. EMERGENCY LANDING / DITCHING

Instructions and orders

Only on emergency landing

9. A passenger is seized by a fit of coughing. What should you do?

12. A passenger’s nose is bleeding. What do you tell him?

2. A passenger says: “What should I do with my overcoat?” What do you say?

3. A passenger lights a cigarette before take-off. What do you say?

7. A passenger complains “My fish is cold! What do you say?”

1. The passengers are boarding the airplane.

4. A passenger looks panic-stricken because the airplane has suddenly dived to a

6. An inebriated passenger asks for another bottle of brandy.

 Practice answering passengers in different situations that may arise on

1. Acest vin e mult mai bun decât celălalt.

2. Nu mai avem șampanie, avem numai vin spumos.

3. E destul zgomot, dar acest lucru e normal în caz de turbulență.

4. Turbulența e mai puțin periculoasă decât givrajul.

5. Dacă vă e cald, trebuie să beți mai multe lichide.

6. Dacă vă simțiți slăbit, trebuie să mâncați mai mult.

7. Acest bagaj nu e al dvs, al dvs e în compartimentul celălalt / următor / opus.

8. Doriți o felie de lămâie?

9. Un comandant de aeronavă trebuie să aibă multă experiență. Al nostru, de exemplu, e

pilot de aprox. 15 ani.

10. Culoarul e ingust, nu e loc destul pentru două persoane.

11. Acest film vă va inveseli.

14. Dați-mi voie să vă ajut.