Kans Grass: An Alternative Material in Paper Production for

VariousUtilities

(Insert STI College Logo)

A Research Proposal Presented to

The Faculty of STI College Marikina, S.Y. 2019-2020

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for APPLIED 1012

Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion

RegineAlanan

Arabella JhoannaAraman

Marian Marielle Bueno

Idelle Gift Garcia

Ronalyn Garcia

JhervinDhel Gutierrez

January 2020
 Certification and Approval Sheet

This Research Study is entitled “Kans Grass: An Alternative

Material in Paper Production for Various Utilities” prepared and
submitted by Ronalyn Garcia, Jhervin Dhel Gutierrez, Marian
Marielle Bueno, Arabella Araman, Regine Alanan, and Idelle Gift
Garcia in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Inquiries,
Investigations and Immersion hereby recommended for the
corresponding and examination.

____________________ Ms. Dalia C. Canteros

Date Adviser/ Subject Teacher

Approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for

Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion by examination committee
with the rating of

Federic Jose Peregrino A. Baysa Ma. Cynthia B. Cimatu

Member Member

Dalia C. Canteros
Member
Accepted in partial fulfillmeng of the requirements for
Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion.

Frederic D. Yulo
Dean/Principal

Date
 Abstract

This research study finds a way on how to solve the

environmental problem which is Deforestation. Deforestation is one

of the biggest problem in Philippines, due to the rapid increase of

producing papers, the trees that the countries have are slowly

decreasing. In this situation, it can cause landslide, climate change,

floods, and decreasing of natural resources that the people and

animals needs in daily lives. The main objective of this study is to

find another alternative source that can also help to lessen the

deforestation and the whole environment, the research study found

out that Kans Grass (Talahib) has a potential to create and to

produce papers and other utilities. Findings revealed that Kans

Grass (Talahib) can produce different utilities like scrapbook, book

marks, and envelope. It also revealed the innovation of this entire

product like fragrance and colors. The research revealed that using

Kans Grass as alternative source can help the environment and

help to lessen deforestation. It also revealed that the innovation of

the product will attract more buyers. The outcome of this study shall

be utilized for conducting other sources in creating paper and

different utilities.
 Acknowledgement

We wish to thank all the people whose assistance was a

milestone in the completion of this thesis.

To Mr. Edgar Alvin Sarte, our School Adminstrator for being

our inspiration and to Mr. Frederick D. Yulo, Dean of the School for

his words of encouragement.

We wish to show our gratitude to Ms. Dalhia C. Canteros,

School Assistance Principal for her great advice for our study and

last but not the least to our adviser Mr. Federic Jose Peregrino A.

Baysa and teachers for their valuable assistance that they provided

during the study.

And to our parents for their everlasting support. Thank you

from the bottom of our hearts.

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE i

CERTIFICATION AND APPROVAL SHEET ii

ABSTRACT iii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS v

LIST OF TABLE viii

CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION 1-2

The Problem and Its Background 3-5

Theoretical Framework 6-7

Conceptual Framework 8

Hypothesis 9

Importance of the Study 10

Statement of the Problem 11-12

Definition of Terms 13

Scope of Delimitations 14

CHAPTER 2 - REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDY

Kans Grass (Talahib) 15-16

Pandan Leaves 17-18

 Coniferous 19-20

CHAPTER 3 - RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 21

Methods of Research Used 21

Research Materials 22

Experimental Procedure 23-27

CHAPTER 4 – RESULT AND DISCUSSION 28-46

CHAPTER 5 – SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

Summary 47

Conclusion 48

Recommendations 49

REFERENCE 50

APPENDICES

Appendix A: Letter for conducting survey 52

Appendix B: Survey Questionnaire 53-54

 List of Table

Table 1: The solidity property of the paper made from Kans Grass in

terms of temperature 28-29

Table 2: The solidity property of the paper made from Kans Grass in

terms of duration of drying 30

Table 3: The solidity property of the paper made from Kans Grass in

terms of amount of baking soda 31

Table 4: Possible outcome of paper made of kans grass in terms of

color 32

Table 5: Various utilities of paper made of kans grass 33

Table 6: Effectiveness of kans grass for the production of

scrapbook, envelope, and bookmarks in terms of accessibility 34

Table 7: Effectiveness of kans grass for the production of

scrapbook, envelope, and bookmarks in terms of price 35

Table 8: Effectiveness of kans grass for the production of

scrapbook, envelope, and bookmarks in terms of durability 36

Table 10: Benefits of using kans grass as an alternative material in

various utilities 37

Table 11: Scrapbook design that people usually use 38

Table 12: Design that made of 39

Table 13: Alternative materials in creating scrapbook 40

Table 14: People who considered to try paper made of kans grass

to help lessen cutting trees 41

Table 15: Number of people who vote for the benefits of using kans

grass as an alternative material in various utilities 42

Table 16: Effectiveness of kans grass for the production of paper for

various utilities such as scrapbook, envelope, and bookmark 43

Table 17: Peoples’ choices where they would like to purchase paper

made of kans grass in future 44

Table 18:People Suggestion for the Improvement of paper made of

kans grass as an alternative material for various utilities 45-46

 Chapter 1

Introduction

From the time that the paper was invented it has played a

significant role in humanity. Paper serves as a means of

communication and for other purposes. Researchers can say now

that the paper is one of the most useful things by humans.

However, due to the rapid increase of the demands in paper, the

source of this is being lessened little by little. Paper trees which are

the main source of paper are almost extinct.

As time goes by, deforestation gets worst. Trees are

slowly decreasing due to the cutting of trees. Deforestation is the

removal of forest or stand of trees where the land is then converted

into non forest use. This is one of the problem in the Philippines its

adversely affects and damage the environment. It may cause of

losing trees and other vegetation that cause climate change, soil

1
erosion, fewer crops, flooding, and a host of problems for

indigenous people.

The impact of a deforestation is loss of ecological services

provided by tropical rainforest and related ecosystem. Forest loss

also reduces the availability of renewable resources like medicinal

plants and fruit. Poor people who rely on natural resources for their

everyday survival are also affected. As a result, deforestation has a

large effect to the environment and indigenous people. In this

situation the needs of people and animals will be bounded since our

environment and natural resources are slowly deteriorating. As the

environment experiencing this kind of problems, there’s a big

difficulty in the lives of people or animals.

2
 Background of the Problem

Cutting of trees is a major issue. Out of the 17 billion cubic

feet of trees deforested each year, over 60% are used to make

paper. This deforestation is responsible for nearly a fifth of the

world’s annual greenhouse gas emission. According to Shisia

(2018). Paper features a very significant impact on the environment

which has affected many selections within the industry moreover as

behaviors at personal and business levels. Due to technological

advances just like the machine and therefore the harvesting of

wood, there has been a high availability of disposable paper which

has also led to high However, an increase in environmental issues

like water and pollution, overflowing landfills and therefore the

global temperature change has led to several governments

increasing regulations. These have curved a trend that's to cut back

water use, clear-cutting, fuel consumption, and gas emissions

among others to cut back the impacts on pollution and water

supplies. Within the past four decades, the utilization of paper has

risen by 400%. Deforestation has become a significant problem,

both in developing and developed areas.

3
 According to United States Department of Agriculture.

Forest Service (2014). The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (EPA) has published a report citing that pulp and paper

Mills are among the industries accountable for the pollution of are,

water and land. The world watch Institute supports the claim

aforementioned. Nothing that this industry produced millions of

pounds of toluene, methanol, hydrochloric acid, and formaldehyde.

All of which are toxic and dangerous. Papermaking industry also

uses vast number of trees yearly. Though trees are renewable

resources, meaning can be replaced after one is cut an alarming

statistics about its use in the production of paper arise. In 2009

alone, trees were cut to have enough supply of paper in the United

States or the pollution of are, water and land. The world watch

Institute supports the claim aforementioned.

According to Philippine Medical Plants (2018), in the

Philippines decoction of the roots used as a diuretic. Decoction of

roots used for fever. Warmed poultice of the stem pulp applied to

painful areas in the leg and in cases suffering from beriberi.

4
Saccharum Spontaneum (Kans grass) is a perennial grass that

grows in India. This is cultivated along with major crops in northern

India, especially in country states such as Bengal, Bihar, and

Orissa. Kans grass harvested fibre is solid and flexible. It is

commonly used for the cordage, ropes, mats and baskets

manufacturing.

There’s a lot of issues in creating paper like air pollution,

water pollution, paper waste, wood pulping process, greenhouse

gas emissions, and non-renewable resources. This issue motivates

the researchers to give an sustainable product that can also lessen

environmental issues.

However, the researchers gave the facts that a kans grass

can use as an alternative source of paper. Because it’s structure is

just the same fibers that is being used to make a paper. This study

aims to help lessen cutting trees that is causing flooding, soil

erosion and depletion of native forest resources. Moreover, this

study will lead the researchers to produced a eco-friendly product

by using kans Grass as an alternative material.

5
 Theoretical Framework

The researchers employ this theory to the substructure of

this study.

Theory of Kans Grass (Talahib)

According to Der Chemica Sinica (2011),Kans Grass

(Saccharum Spontaneum) is a perennial grass native to South Asia.

It is a low cost, renewable and prevalent source of reducing sugars

which can further be easily utilized by the microorganisms to

produce valuable chemicals.

Kans Grass is evaluated with regard to its papermaking

potential, by investigating its fiber morphology, proximate chemical

analysis. The optimization of soda pulping, as well as conventional

and ECF bleaching, was performed to produce papermaking

(Sharma,2018, p.747).

6
 Moreover, Kans Grass can be used by producing paper

because of its texture that can create a paper product which is

similar to common paper people use. According to Sinica

(2011),Kans grass has a various lignocellusic biomaterials perennial

crops (e.g. grasses) are promising feedstock because of high

yields, low costs, and good suitability for low quality land. However,

kans grass has no requirement water supply for its growth.

Paper Grass explores the possibilities of converting

invasive grasses. According to Winters (2008) "by virtue of the

seasonality of production, agriculture tends to lead to more casual

work opportunities than non-agricultural activities. Moreover, winters

states here that producing lot of papers can decrease trees, it can

more helpful to our agriculture if we used other alternative materials

to produced papers by non-agricultural activities. However, in these

theories, it can help us to know what will be the contribution of grass

to our environment. It is also give us knowledge of what will be the

other resources or alternative materials to produced papers.

7
 Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Colander
Knife
Container Creating paper made Paper made of kans
of kans grass for grass as an
Water
various utility alternative material
Chlorine purposes in paper production
for various utilities
Kans Grass (Talahib) like envelope, paper
Pandan Leaves bag and scrap book.

Baking Soda
Glue

8
 Hypothesis

Based on the problem stated, the following hypothesis was

formulated:

Hi: There is a significant difference on commercial paper and the

paper made from Kans grass.

Ho: There is no significant difference on commercial paper and the

paper made from Kans grass.

9
Importance of the Study

This study will be a great help in making an alternative source

of paper. It will also be significant in the following fields:

To Academic. It will serve as a future reference for future

studies regarding kans grass and paper production.

To Researcher. This will help the researchers to know more

about kans grass and production of paper grass.

To Students. This will be an alternative source of paper that

will lessen the needs of paper tree.

To Community. This will help the community to have new

sources of the production of paper.

To People. This will help the people to have cheaper products

like envelope, paper bag, and scrapbook. This will help people to

buy it in a cheaper price.

10
Statement of the Problem

The researchers find a way to innovate the said kans

grass as an alternative material in utility purposes like envelope,

scrapbook, paper bag and gift wrap. Also, researcher adds some

color to make it attractive and scent for the good smell. However,

this study conducted by the researchers to make the product

different to other studies.

This study aims to determine the use of Kans Grass an

alternative material in paper production. Moreover, this study will be

determining the potentiality of Kans Grass for various utilities

Specifically, the study seeks to answer the following problems:

1. What is the solidify property of the paper made of kans grass

in terms of:

1.1 temperature

1.2 duration of drying

1.3 amount of baking soda

11
2. What will be the possible outcome of paper made of kans

grass in terms of color?

3. What are the possible utilities of paper made of kans grass?

4. How effective is the kans grass for the production of paper

for various utilities such as ( scrapbook, envelope, and

bookmarks ) in terms of:

4.1 accessible

4.2 affordable

4.3 durability

5. What will be the benefits of using kans grass as an

alternative materials in various utilities?

12
 Definition of Terms

Blunt- Refers to make less sharp of the knife or scissors in cutting

kans grass.

Cellulose - A substance that is the main parts of the cell wall of the

paper.

Coniferous - It is mainly used to produce paper products such as

cotton, linen, and rayon for clothes, nitrocellulose for explosives

Dilute- To make a (liquid) Thinner or less or less strong adding

water or another liquid.

Hemp- A plant that is used to make thick ropes.

Kans Grass – This is a word of grass as the alternative material in

making paper.

Pandan Leaves- It is a word which serves as the fragrance of the

paper.

13
 Scope and Delimitation

This study covers the production of paper through the use

of Kans grass and utilities for it. The researchers only use Kans

Grass and will not use other type of grass in paper making. This

study is not only focusing in papers but also it focuses in other utility

of the Kans Grass. The researchers will also be the one to collect all

the materials needed in paper making. The products that the

researchers will produced will be compared to quality of paper that

made of trees.

However, this study will limited to experimenting and

discover the utilities of Kans Grass.

14
 Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature

Kans Grass (Talahib)

According to Bulanadi,( 2017) Talahib can be found

almost everywhere. In the early days, talahib was believed to have

a medicinal value. At present, it was found that the only given

property of the grass is its active organism called azospirilirium,

which is found in its roots.

Talahib is a coarse, erect, perennial grass with stout

underground rootstock growing to a height of 1 meter (m) to 3.5 m.

Leaves are harsh and linear, 0.5 m to 1 m long, 6 millimeters (mm)

to 15 mm wide. Pannicles are white and erect, measuring 15

centimeters (cm) to 30 cm long, with slender and whorled branches.

Growing waste dumps of a wide variety such as fly ash (FA) dumps,

mine spoils, red mud disposals, sewages ludge and other wastes

are worldwide ecological, economic and social challenges. These

waste-dumps may cause heavy metals pollution, soil and water

15
system degradation, and serious dust pollution to atmosphere.

These waste-dumps pose adverse conditions for soil microbe and

plant growth, due to its low organic matter and unfavourable

substrate chemistry. The pollution and consequent human health

risks from these dumps are indeed a large concern requiring holistic

approach to remediation. The management of waste-dumps is a

challenging geotechnical land ecological problem and a substantial

issue for ecological, economic and social sustainability (Pandey &

Singh, 2015).

16
Pandan Leaves

In the Philippines, pandan leaves are being cooked along

with rice to incorporate the flavor and smell to it. As can be

observed, the uses of the pandan tree are not limited to cooking

uses. Its leaves and roots are found to have medicinal benefits.

Such parts of the plant have been found to have essential oils,

tannin, alkaloids and glycosides, which are the reasons for the

effective treatment of various health concerns. It functions as a pain

reliever, mostly for headaches and pain caused by arthritis, and

even hangover. It can also be used as antiseptic and anti-bacterial,

which makes it ideal for healing wounds. In the same manner, a

preparation derived from the bark of this plant may be used to

address skin problems. Many people have also discovered that it is

an effective remedy for cough (Philippine Herbal Medicine, 2005-

2020).

Pandanus fruits are a staple food in parts of Micronesia

including the Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, and

Kiribati providing up to 50% of energy intake. They are also widely

consumed on Tokelau and Tuvalu. In some places the consumption

17
of Pandanus has decreased in recent decades due to the

availability of imported foods; for example, Pandanus was formerly

a major staple food in Nauru. In Micronesia adults may commonly

consume 20 fresh keys or about 1 kg (2.2 lb) of fruit per day

(Adkar& Bhaskar, 2014).

18
Coniferous

Conifers include forms (such as pines) with true cones and

others (such as yews) that bear a fruit. There are more than 550

species of conifers, and most are evergreen trees and shrubs. They

grow throughout the world (except in Antarctica) and prefer

temperate climate zones. They include the world's smallest and

tallest trees. Conifers supply softwood timber used for general

construction, boxes and crates, and other articles, as well as

pulpwood for paper. The wood is also used as fuel and in the

manufacture of cellulose products, plywood, and veneers. The trees

are the source of resins, oils, turpentine, tars, and pharmaceuticals

(Merriam Webster, 2020).

Coniferous, vegetation composed primarily of cone-

bearing needle-leaved or scale-leaved evergreen trees, found in

areas that have long winters and moderate to high annual

precipitation. The northern Eurasian coniferous forest is called the

taiga, or the boreal forest. Both terms are used to describe the

entire circumpolar coniferous forest with its many lakes, bogs, and

rivers. Coniferous forests also cover mountains in many parts of the

19
world. Pines, spruces, firs, and larches are the dominant trees in

coniferous forests. They are similar in shape and height and often

form a nearly uniform stand with a layer of low shrubs or herbs

beneath. Mosses, liverworts, and lichens cover the forest floor

(Britannica, 2019).

20
 Chapter 3

Methodology

This chapter reveals the research design, experimental

procedure, statistical treatment of data and data analysis.

Research Design

This study used experimental approach, as its research

design to determine the feasibility of utilizing Kans Grass (Talahib)

as an alternative material in the production of paper. In this study,

the researchers will utilize one independent variable. The Kans

Grass will be main material in making of paper. The dependent

variable will result as the texture or the appealing of the paper and

what will be the relationship in community of the product that the

researchers created.

21
 Research Materials

Materials

Colander – it is used to drained water while retaining the

solid inside.

Knife – it is used to cut the Kans Gras.

Container – it is used to contain and transport objects or

material.

Water-it contains an oxygen and to clean the Kans Grass.

Kans Grass (Talahib) – it is the alternative material in

creating a paper.

Pandan Leaves – it is used to give fragrance in a paper.

Baking soda – used to harden the Kans Grass.

Glue– used to combine the pieces of Kans Grass and to

make the paper more intensify the hardiness of the product.

22
 Experimental Procedure

Gathering Materials

The Kans grass (Talahib) is gathered from surroundings in

Marikina and other materials will be collected from the house of

researchers.

Preparational of Material

1. Wash the kans grass in container filled with water.

2. Cut the kans grass into small pieces and soak it again in

container filled with water.

3. Let the piece of kans grass dry in 1 to 3 hours.

23
Making of paper made of kans grass

1. Cut the kans grass into small pieces to boil it easily.

2. Boil the kans grass for approximately 3 hours.

3.Blend the kans grass and pandan leaves using blender.

4. Combine it with glue, water and baking soda in the basin

then add the blended kans grass and pandan leaves.

5. Strain it in a flat surface and put fabric on top.

6. Dry it in direct sunlight in 2-3 days.

24
 Product Testing

Texture

To see the texture of the paper made of kans grass, it will

be measured by the formula:

mass of baking soda ( ml )

Texture= ∗100
mass of kans grass ( ml )

Durability

To test the durability of the paper made of kans grass, the

researchers will used this formula:

mass of baking soda ( ml )

Durability =
mass of kans grass ( ml )

25
Appearance

To see the resulting appearance of the paper made of

kans grass, the researchers will be using the formula:

mass of kans grass ( ml )

Appearance= ∗100
time of conversion ( ml )

26
 Data Interpretation

The resulting product from this experiment will be used to

know the appearance, texture, and durability of the paper that made

of kans grass. This study also determined the difference between

the commercialized paper and the paper made of kans grass. It is

determined the utilities of kans grass as an alternative material in

producing paper.

27
 Chapter 4

Result and Discussion

This chapter presents the collecting data, the results of the

statically analysis and interpretation of the results. This chapter also

aims to answer and explain the questions.

Table 1.1

The solidity property of the paper made from Kans Grass in

terms of temperature

Temperature Quality
90 Degrees Soft
120 Degrees Dry
140 Degrees Might Burn

Table 1.1 shows the solidity property of the product. If the

temperature is 90 degrees, the quality of the product will be soft. If

120 degrees, the quality will be hard and dry, and if the product is

140 degrees, the product might burn.

28
 The table tells the possible quality or result of the product

base on its temperature.

Table 1.2

29
 The solidity property of the paper made from Kans Grass in

terms of duration of drying

Duration of Drying Quality of paper

1 Day Soft
2 Days Hard
3 Days Very Hard

Table 1.2 is the solidity property of the paper made from kans

grass in terms of duration of drying. In this table shows the duration

of drying from day 1 and days 2 to day 3 and also show the quality

of paper such as soft, hard, hard dry.

Table 1.3

The solidity property of the paper made from Kans Grass in

terms of amount of baking soda

30
 Cup of baking soda Quality
1 Cup Soft
2 Cup Hard
3 Cup Very Hard

Table 1.3 show the solidity property of the paper made of kans

grass, the amount of baking soda that we need to prepare to make

a paper made of kans grass to lowest and to highest (soft, hard,

very hard).

31
 Table 1.4
Possible outcome of paper made of kans grass in terms of
color
Color
Orange
Violet
Yellow

Table 1.4 shows the color of the product that the researchers

created. The product has a different color that will attract more

buyers. This table tells the innovation of the product base on the

color.

Table 1.5
Various utilities of paper made of kans grass

32
 Envelope Canvas
Scrapbook Kraft box
Bookmark Cardboard
Paper bag Illustration board

This table 1.5 shows the possible utilities of paper made from
kans grass such as envelope, scrapbook, bookmark and paper
bag. Kans Grass (Talahib) can also have potential to create canvas,

kraft box, card board, and illustration board.

Table 1.6
Effectiveness of kans grass for the production of scrapbook,

envelope, and bookmarks in terms of accessibility

Accessibility

33
 Easy to find
Always Available
User friendly

Table 1.6 shows that the products and materials are effective

based on the accessibility of it. It is easy to find, always available,

and user friendly product.

Table 1.7
Effectiveness of kans grass for the production of scrapbook,

envelope, and bookmarks in terms of price

34
 Price
Cheap
Budget friendly
Low cost

Table 1.7 shows that envelope, scrapbook, and book

mark are effective in terms of price since its0020cheaper, budget

friendly, and have a low cost.

Table 1.8
Effectiveness of kans grass for the production of scrapbook,

envelope, and bookmarks in terms of durability

35
 Durability
Durable
High maintenance
Hard

Table 1.8 describes the effectiveness of envelope,

scrapbook, and book marks based on its durability. The product will

be durable, high maintenance, and very hard products.

Table 1.10
Benefits of using kans grass as an alternative material in

various utilities

36
 Benefits
Eco-friendly
Lessen deforestation
Less expensive
Recyclable

Table 1.10 shows a different benefits of using kans grass as

an alternative material in various utilities.
The researchers conduct a survey in STI Community to know

the acceptability of the product and to know their perspective and

suggestions in the products that the researchers introduced. The

survey questionnaire is the instruments that the researchers used to

know the answers of the respondents. The researchers used the

random sampling to answer the fifty (50) questions in the survey

questionnaire. The following table are the findings of the conducted

survey that the researchers made.

Table 1.11

Scrapbook design that people usually use

37
 Old Map (vintage) 21
Dry leaves / Autumn leaf 10
Organic material 6
Old news paper 13
Total 50

Table 1.11 shows the scrapbook design that the people

usually use. Twenty one respondents of them (10.5%) choose the

old map (vintage) design. Ten of them (5%) choose the dry

leaves/autumn leaf. While in organic material six (3%) of them

chose it. In old newspaper (6.5%) or thirteen respondents chose it.

The total of the respondents in the first questions are 50

respondents (100%).

Table 1.12

Design that made of

Paper 26
Grass 6
Organic agriculture standard 10

38
 Recycled materials and wood 8

pulp
Total 50

Table 12 shows the other raw materials that the respondents

use in making a design. Twenty six (13%) of them using paper to

make a design. Six (3%) of them using grass in making a design.

Ten (5%) of them using organic agriculture standard. Eight (4%) of

the respondents using recycled materials and wood pulp. The total

percent of the respondent are 50%.

Table 1.13

Alternative materials in creating scrapbook

Kans grass 23
Plastic 6
Straw 7
Hemp (abaka) 9
Coconut husks 5
Total 50

39
 Table 1.13 shows the materials the other alternative material in

creating scrapbook. Twenty three (11.5%) of the respondents

choose the Kans grass as an alternative material. Six (3%) of them

choose plastic. Seven (3.5%) respondents choose the straw as

alternative material. Nine (4.5%) of them choosing the hemp

(abaka) as an alternative material. Five (2.5%) of the respondents

choose the coconut husks. The total of it 50%.

Table 1.14

People who considered to try paper made of kans grass to help

lessen cutting trees

Yes 50
No 0
Total 50

Table 1.14 shows the total of people who considered trying

40
Paper made of kans grass to help lessen cutting trees it has a total
of 50%.

Table 1.15

Number of people who vote for the benefits of using kans

grass as an alternative material in various utilities

Lessen deforestation 37
Can raise kans grass 2
Less expensive 11
Total 50

Table 1.15 present that there are a lots of people who voted

for the benefits of using kans grass as an alternative material in

41
various utilities. Thirty seven (18.5%) of the respondents says that it

can lessen deforestation. Two (1%) says that it can raise kans

grass. Eleven (5.5%) of the respondents says that the benefit of it is

less expensive. For the total of 50%.

Table 1.16

Effectiveness of kans grass for the production of paper for

various utilities such as scrapbook, envelope, and bookmark.

Accessible 25
Affordable 16
Durable 9
Total 50

This table 1.16 tells the advantage of kans grass in the

production of scrapbook, envelope, and bookmark. Twenty five

(12.5%) of the respondents says that it is accessible. Sixteen (8%)

42
says that it is affordable. Nine (4.5%) says that it is durable. For the

total of 50%.

Table 1.17

Peoples’ choices where they would like to purchase paper

made of kans grass in future

School Supplies 22
Bookstore 11
Art store 17
Total 50

Table 1.17 shows the people’s choices where to purchase

kans grass paper in the future. The school supplies vote by twenty

two (11%) respondents. Seventeen (8.5%) respondents choose the

art store. For the total of 50%.

43
 Table 1.18

People Suggestion for the Improvement of paper made of kans

grass as an alternative material for various utilities

Nothing 39

More Design 4

Quality 1

Made in fiber pulp 1

Price 1

Durable 2

Texture 2

44
 Total 50

Table 1.18 shows some suggestions from the consumer for

the improvement of the products. Majority of the respondents didn’t

put suggestions for the improvement of the product. Four (5%)

respondents ask for more designs. One (0.5%) respondent

suggests the quality. One (0.5%) respondent suggested made of

fiber pulp. One (0.5%) respondent suggests the price. Two (1%)

respondents ask for the durability if the product. Two (1%)

respondent asking for the texture.

45
 Chapter 5

Summary of Findings

Summary
The primary objective of this research was to produce

various utilities using Kans Grass as an alternative material. The

products that the researchers created also help the environment to

lessen the deforestation due to the production of different utilities

using the trees as source of it. The Kans Grass has a great

potential for creating different utilities such as scrapbook, envelope,

and book marks. The products are easy to access, budget friendly,

and it has a good solidity property result because of the

temperature test, and duration of drying. However, those products

are eco-friendly and recyclable because of the raw materials that

46
the researchers used in making all this products. Therefore, the

researchers innovate those products by adding unique scents on it,

and different colors.

Conclusion

This study showed that Kans Grass (Talahib) can also be

used in creating scrapbook, envelope, and book marks. All this

products has a similar to other commercialized product especially

the scrapbook and book marks but the researchers presume that

the products that made up of Kans Grass is more eco-friendly since

the alternative material that the researchers used is Kans Grass

(Talahib).

The innovation of the product will engage people because of

the scent that it has that made up of pandan leaves, and color to

give more attractive look of the product.

However, when it comes for spending money, the product

that made up of Kans Grass is cheaper. People will not spend too

much money because the materials used are easy to find and you

47
will not costs lot of money to produce those product, it is also easy

to make.

Moreover, the result of this study gives an alternative and

sustainable source in production of various utilities. It also tells the

potential of Kans Grass in producing those products. The study also

gives a source that can also be an environmental friendly.

Recommendations

However, after the researchers attain the discussions and

answers the questions in this study in making those products that

made out of Kans Grass the researchers come up on the following

recommendations that will help this study to improve:

1. The researchers recommend it to the other researchers or future

researchers to study the improvement of the products.

2. The researchers encourage the future researchers to find more

alternative source in creating all this product aside from Kans

Grass.

48
3. The researchers recommend it to the future researchers or in

future study to give more innovation improvement on the product

such as (fragrance and color) to give more attraction to people.

49
References

Amritphale D; Mall L, 1978. Allelopathic influence of Saccharum

spontaneum L. on the growth of three varieties of wheat. Science
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Anon., 1972. The Wealth of India. Raw Materials. New Delhi, India:
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Artschwager E, 1942. A comparative analysis of the vegetative

characteristics of some variants of Saccharum spontaneum, USDA
Technical Bulletin 811. USA, USDA.

Komolwanichetal.2014https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260
522702_Comparative_potentiality_of_Kans_grass_Saccharum_spo
ntaneum_and_Giant_reed_Arundo_donax_as_lignocellulosic_feeds
tocks_for_the_release_of_monomeric_sugars_by_microwavechemi
cal_pretreatment

Mishra, Archana & Ghosh, Sanjoy, 2020. "Saccharification of kans

grass
https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/renene/v146y2020icp750-759.html

50
Tewari AN; Singh V; Dubey RP, 1991. Effect of fluazifop butyl and
haloxyfop-methyl on Saccharum spontaneum control in greengram.
Indian Journal of Weed Science, 22(3-4):81-82.

Uphof J, 1968. Dictionary of Economic Plants. New York, USA:

Cramer.

Wapakala W, 1966. A note on the persistence of mulch grasses.

Kenya Coffee, 31:111-112.

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 Appendix/Appendices

Appendix A. (Letter for conducting survey)

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Appendix B. (Survey Questionnaire)

53