Concrete slabs

Arch. Shatha Qtait

TYPES OF CONCRETE SLABS
• site-cast concrete slabs can be of two types:
• Ground-supported slabs (also called slabs-on-ground or slabs-on-
grade ) bear directly on compacted ground (grade) with organic
topsoil removed.
• Elevated slabs (also referred to as framed slabs or suspended slabs)
rest on the structural frame of the building. Elevated concrete slabs
are used at the first and higher floors.
Site-cast reinforced-concrete framing systems
Site-cast reinforced-concrete framing systems consist of horizontal elements
(elevated floor/roof slabs and beams) and vertical elements (columns and
walls).
Approximately 80% to95% of the cost of materials and formwork of a
concrete structural frame is in the horizontal framing elements of the frame.
Consequently, the choice of the elevated floor system is the most important
item in a concrete structure.
Elevated concrete floor systems can be classified as:
(a) beam-supported floors
(b)beamless floors.
They are further divided into several types
Elevated concrete floors
 The diagrams here show one way systems at left
and two way systems at right:

1 Plywood deck on wood joists

2 Concrete slab on metal deck and steel joists
3 One way concrete slab
4 One way beams
5 One way rib slab
6 Two way concrete plate
7 Two way concrete slab on drop panels
8 Two way concrete slab on edge beams
9 Two way beams
10 Two way waffle slab
One way slabs & two way slabs
Estimate the thickness for architectureal
design issues.
Preliminary Thickness of
One-Way and Two-Way
Slabs
Estimate the thickness of a
one-way slab by dividing the
slab span by 24.
Thus, if the slab span is 12 ft, use a
slab approximately 6 in.
thick.
Two-way slab thickness is
span/36. Use the longer of the
two spans.
 One way joist slab
A one-way joist floor is constructed with U-shaped pans as formwork placed over a
flat form deck. The gap between the pans represents the width of the joists, which
can be adjusted by placing the pans closer together or farther apart, Figure 23.7 .
The pans are generally made of steel or glass fiber–reinforced plastic (GFRP) and can
be used repeatedly.The vertical section through a pan tapers downward for easy
stripping and has supporting
lips at both ends.

one-way joist floors:

• Standard-module one-way
joist floor
• Wide-module one-way joist
floor
Estimate the depth of a
one-way joist floor by
dividing the
joist span by 18.
One way joist slab
Standard-module one-way joist floor
Standard-module pans are 20 in. and 30 in. wide, Figure
23.8 . These dimensions have been standardized so that,
with 4-in.- and 6-in.-wide joists,
One way joist slab
Wide-module one-way joist floor

They are generally

used :
with 5-ft and 6-ft center-to-center joist
spacings, giving joist widths of 7 in. and
6 in., respectively. However, almost any
joist width can be created to suit the load
and span conditions. Joist widths of 8 and
9 in. are also common.
Wide-module
TWO-WAY JOIST FLOOR (WAFFLE SLAB)
A two-way joist Preliminary Depth of
floor, also called a a
waffle slab , consists
of joists in both Two-Way Joist Floor
directions,. Estimate the depth of
It is, therefore, used a waffle slab by
where the column- dividing the longer
to-column spacing span by 22
lies between 35 and
50 ft.10 -16 m even
20 m easy to make
cantilevers all sides
A waffle slab is best
suited for square or
almost square
column-to-column
bays.
TWO-WAY JOIST FLOOR (WAFFLE SLAB)
The formwork for
the slab consists of
glass fiber–
reinforced plastic
domes placed on a
flat form deck with
the lips butting each
other