WAH Engineering College

HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

SUBMITTED TO:

Mr. Awais Sikandar

SUBMITTED BY:

ADEEL MUSTAFA
REGISTRATION NO:

(UW-18-CE-BSC-014)
SEMESTER:

Fifth(5th)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

WAH ENGINEERING COLLEGE; UNIVERSITY OF WAH
 Experiment No:09
Perform experiment to show the Effects of “interflow” on the runoff
hydrograph.

Objective:
To compare the hydrograph resulting from storm falling on the
catchment “with” and “without” interflow component
Introduction

Run Off:
Portion of precipitation that is not evaporated is known as
runoff, which ultimately runs to ocean through surface or sub-
surface streams.

Interflow:
A part of infiltrated water moves in the form of inter flow
which soon joins the stream, the remaining portion of infiltrated
water percolates to deeper layers of the ground and is stored as
groundwater. This groundwater sometimes also joins the stream
flow through springs.

Hydrograph:
A hydrograph is a continuous graph showing the
properties of stream flow with respect to time.
Normally obtained by means of a continuous strip
recorder that indicates stage versus time and is then
transformed to a discharge hydrograph by application of a
rating curve.

Components of Hydrograph:
Hydrology Apparatus:

Procedure:
 The catchment surface to valley profile using template.
 Use plastic or Rubber plug to blow the sand through discharge
to blank off the subsurface flow (Interflow).
 Flow now leaves over the adjustable overflow when the sand is
saturated and the whole hydrograph is associated therefore
with only surface and stream runoff i-e (without interflow)
 After letting the catchment drains to “dry” state, start the rain
at the same rate as used in the previous experiments for t<tc.
  Read the flow rates and plot hydrograph.
 The hydrograph in this case represent that for short
 duration storm (t<tc) with no interflow.
 Now remove the blocking rubber plug and repeat the same
procedure, hydrograph in this case is that for short duration
storm with interflow.
 Then we Compare the hydrographs.

Observation and Calculations:

Without inter flow
Time (sec) Discharge(m^3/sec)
15 0.000272
30 0.000391
45 0.000442
60 0.000493
120 0.000544
240 0.000612
255 0.000527
270 0.000408
285 0.000357
300 0.000323
330 0.000272
360 0.000221
420 0.000187
480 0.000153
540 0.000119
660 0.00085
Graph:

Discharge(m^3/sec)
0.0007
0.0006
0.0005
0.0004
0.0003 Discharge(m^3/sec)
0.0002
0.0001
0
0 200 400 600 800

With interflow:
Time (sec) Discharge(m^3/sec)
30 0.000663
150 0.001078
300 0.00399
360 0.001436
600 0.001315
720 0.001161
960 0.001031
1140 0.00092
2220 0.00085
2760 0.000077
Graph:

Discharge(m^3/sec)
0.0016
0.0014
0.0012
0.001
0.0008
Discharge(m^3/sec)
0.0006
0.0004
0.0002
0
0 1000 2000 3000

Results:
With interflow Hydrograph Results.
Peak Value of discharge=0.00061(m^3/sec)
Time to Reach Peak value=700(sec)

Without interflow hydrograph result.

Peak Value=0.00145(m^3/sec)
Time to reach Peak Value=2900(sec)

Conclusion:
It is concluded that when precipitation occurs in
urban areas than run off is more as compared to village because
interflow phenomenon occurred in urban areas .That’s why more
problems came into being in urban areas.