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Electronics Refresher 5 – Industrial and Power Electronics

1. If the cathode of thyristor is made positive with respect B. decrease if gate current is decreased
to the anode and no gate current is applied, then C. increase if gate current is decreased
A. only the middle junction is forward biased D. not change with any variation in gate current
B. only the middle junction is reverse biased
10. You have the schematic diagram of several types of
C. all junctions are forward biased
circuits. Which of these circuits most likely uses a triac?
D. all junctions are reverse biased
A. an oscillator
2. Which is true regarding thyristor currents? B. an ac motor control
A. The holding current of device is more than latching C. a programmable oscillator
current D. an amplifier
B. The latching current is the minimum anode current
11. If firing angle is increased, then the output of an SCR
above which the device goes into on state even when
A. Remains the same C. Is increased
the gate pulse is removed
B. Is decreased D. None of the above
C. The latching current is the maximum anode current
above which the device goes into on state even when 12. AC power in a load can be controlled by connecting
the gate pulse is removed A. Two SCRs in series
D. The latching current is the maximum gate current at B. Two SCRs in parallel
which the device goes into on state for a given forward C. Two SCRs in parallel opposition
bias voltage across the device D. None of the above
3. The snubber circuit is used in thyristor circuit for 13. Which of the following has a bilateral operation?
A. triggering C. dv/dt protection A. PUT C. Diac
B. di/dt protection D. phase shifting B. SCR D. UJT
4. The device commonly used for triggering a triac is 14. The symbol shown is that of
A. diode C. transistor
B. zener diode D. diac
5. When a UJT is used for triggering of an SCR, the wave
A. SCS C. LASCR
shape of the voltage obtained from UJT circuit is a
B. DIAC D. PUT
A. sine wave C. trapezoidal wave
B. sawtooth wave D. square wave 15. Your boss has asked you to recommend a thyristor that
will enable you to turn it on with a pulse and also turn it
6. During forward blocking state, the SCR has:
off with a pulse. Which of the following should you
A. Low current, medium voltage
recommend?
B. Low current, large voltage
A. an SCR C. a PUT
C. Medium current, large voltage
B. an SCS D. a triac
D. Large current, low voltage
16. A PUT has VBB = 24 V and RB1 = 3RB2. The intrinsic stand-
7. The symbol shown below is that of
off ratio is
A. 1/3 C. 1/4
B. 3/4 D. 4/3
17. Which of the following devices does not exhibit
negative resistance characteristics?
A. Diac C. UJT
A. FET C. tunnel diode
B. Triac D. SCR
B. UJT D. SCR
8. The average on-state current for an SCR is 20 A for
18. If an SCR is manufactured for maximum junction
conduction angle of 120o. The average on-state current
temperature of 130°C, ambient temperature of 85°C
for 60o conduction angle will be
A. 20 A C. 10 A and thermal resistance (from junction to ambient) of
B. less than 20 A D. 40 A 1.5°C per watt, what will be the maximum internal
power dissipation?
9. In a thyristor, the magnitude of the anode current will A. 30 watts C. 60 watts
A. increase if gate current is increased B. 175 milliwatts D. 300 milliwatts
19. Which semiconductor power device below is not a B. converts constant voltage dc into variable voltage dc
current triggered device? directly
A. Thyristor C. GTO C. converts ac of one frequency into ac of another
B. Triac D. MOSFET frequency
D. converts ac to dc
20. With gate open, if the supply voltage exceeds the
breakover voltage of SCR, then SCR will conduct 29. The average load current supplied by a thyristor
A. false C. for dc only depends on
B. true D. for ac only A. firing angle
B. firing frequency
21. The circuit shown in the figure will work as which one
C. magnitude of gate current
of the following?
D. all of the above
30. In dc choppers, the waveforms for input and output
voltages are respectively
A. discontinuous and continuous
B. both continuous
C. both discontinuous
A. buck-boost converter C. buck converter D. continuous and discontinuous
B. boost converter D. dual converter 31. A single-phase half wave converter is feeding a resistive
22. What is the waveform of the current flowing through load. Just before triggering, the voltage across thyristor
the diode in a buck-boost converter? is
A. square wave C. trapezoid A. zero C. about 1 V
B. triangular wave D. sinusoidal wave B. same as input voltage D. twice the input voltage

Numbers 23-25: A d.c. to d.c. chopper operates from a 32. A single-phase full converter gives maximum and
48 V battery source into a resistive load of 24 Ω. The minimum output voltage at firing angles of
frequency of the chopper is set to 250Hz. When A. 0 and 180° respectively C. 180° and 0° respectively
chopper on-time is 3 ms, determine the: B. 0 and 90° respectively D. 90° and 0° respectively
23. Average load current 33. In a semi converter feeding a resistive load, the firing
A. 0.5 A C. 2.0 A angle is a. Each thyristor conducts for
B. 1.0 A D. 1.5 A A. pi radians C. (pi - a) radians
24. Rms load current B. (pi + a) radians D. (pi - 0.5 a) radians
A. 1.73 A C. 2.05 A 34. A surge voltage
B. 1.18 A D. 0.94 A A. has very high magnitude and very long duration
25. Load power values B. has very high magnitude and very small duration
A. 71.8 W C. 54.0 W C. has very high magnitude and very small duration and
B. 63.7 W D. 49.1 W can be positive or negative
D. can be only positive
26. A thyristor half-wave controlled converter has a supply
voltage of 240V at 50Hz and a load resistance of 100 35. A thyristor circuit is feeding an R-L load. The turn on
ohms. What is the average load current when the firing time can be reduced by
delay angle is 30o? A. decreasing R
A. 1.01 A C. 3.26 A B. decreasing L
B. 2.84 A D. 0.93 A C. increasing L
D. decreasing R and L together
27. In a step down chopper using pulse width modulation,
Ton = 3 x 10^-3 and Toff = 1 x 10^-3 s. The chopping 36. In a power diode the reverse recovery time is the time
frequency is from the instant the forward current is zero to the
A. 333.33 C. 500 instant when reverse recovery current has decayed to
B. 250 D. 1000 A. 50% of peak reverse current
B. 25% of peak reverse current
28. A chopper C. 10% of peak reverse current
A. converts constant voltage dc into ac and then into D. zero value
variable voltage dc
37. In a single-phase full wave controlled rectifier using 47. A Zener diode is used as a _____ voltage regulating
center tap transformer, the voltage across each half of device.
secondary is Vm sin ωt. The peak inverse voltage is A. shunt C. series
A. 2 Vm C. Vm B. series-shunt D. none of the above
B. 0.5 Vm D. 0.25 Vm
48. A certain regulator has a no-load voltage of 6 V and a
38. A full-wave fully controlled bridge has a highly inductive full-load output of 5.82 V. What is the load regulation?
load with a resistance of 55 ohms, and a supply of 110V A. 3% C. 9%
at 50Hz. Calculate the load current for a firing delay B. 87% D. 72%
angle of 75o.
49. Which stage of a dc power supply uses a Zener as the
A. 0.446 A C. 0.657 A
main component?
B. 0.743 A D. 0.307 A
A. rectifier C. regulator
39. From the previous problem, calculate the power factor. B. voltage divider D. filter
A. 0.743 C. 0.119
50. Choose the correct statement
B. 0.233 D. 0.456
A. The AC component in the output of rectifier does the
40. A voltage source Vs = Vm sinωt is connected in series useful work
with a resistance R and an SCR. At some firing angle B. The AC component in the output of rectifier
delay of α a positive gate pulse is applied to the SCR increases the efficiency of the system
which turns on the SCR. Considering ideal conditions, at C. The AC component in the output of rectifier causes
the instant α the voltage at the resistor terminals Vo ohmic losses
A. falls to zero C. falls to –Vm sin α D. The AC component in the output of rectifier does not
B. rises to Vm sin α D. rises to Vm sin ωt affect the operation
41. In a single-phase half-wave circuit with RL load and a 51. A Zener regulator ______ in the power supply.
freewheeling diode, the load voltage during the A. increases the ripple
freewheeling period will be B. decreases the ripple
A. zero C. positive C. neither increases nor decreases ripple
B. negative D. positive than negative D. data insufficient
42. Choose the incorrect statement with respect to the use 52. For a Zener regulator, zener current will be minimum
of FD in half-wave circuits. when
A. Input pf is improved A. load current is max C. load current is min
B. Load current waveform is improved B. load current is zero D. none of the above
C. It prevents the load voltage from becoming negative
53. Why zener diodes are provided in dc supply?
D. Reduces the reverse voltage (PIV) faced by the SCR
A. For forward conduction C. For reverse conduction
43. A fully controlled converter uses B. For reference voltage D. For increasing amplitude
A. diodes only
54. Which of the following represent a change of output
B. thyristors only
voltage when load current is increased?
C. both diodes and thyristors
A. Line regulation C. Load regulation
D. none of the mentioned
B. Current regulation D. Voltage regulation
44. In case of controlled rectifiers, the nature of the load
55. By increasing Value of filter capacitor or load
current (continues or discontinuous) depends upon the
resistance, ripple factor can be
A. type of load and firing angle
A. increased C. lowered
B. only on the type of load
B. infinite D. zero
C. only on the firing angle
D. it is independent of all the parameters 56. In practice the output from the diode rectifier has
A. AC component only C. DC component only
45. In an unregulated power supply, if load current
B. AC + DC component D. None of the mentioned
increases, the output voltage
A. remains the same C. increases 57. A three terminal regulator belongs to
B. decreases D. none of the above A. switching regulator C. linear regulator
B. IC regulator D. none of these
46. Commercial power supplies have voltage regulation
A. of 10% C. of 25% 58. The control element is a transistor in series with the
B. of 15% D. within 1% load in the case of
A. series regulator C. Both A and B
 B. shunt regulator D. none of these 68. What value of capacitor is required to force commutate
a thyristor with a turn-off time of 20 µs with a 96 V
59. What is the ideal value of voltage regulation in power
battery and a full-load current of 100 A?
supplies?
A. 10 µF C. 40 µF
A. 10% C. 100%
B. 30 µF D. 20 µF
B. 50% D. 0%
69. A thyristor half-wave controlled converter has a supply
60. Switching regulators are also called
voltage of 230 V at 60 Hz and a load resistance of 90Ω.
A. dissipative regulators
What is the average load power when the firing delay
B. non- dissipative regulators
angle is 60o?
C. current regulators
A. 263 W C. 236 W
D. large ripple regulators
B. 362 W D. 326 W
61. Which of the following is the main advantage of SMPS
70. A full-wave half-controlled bridge has a supply voltage
over linear power supply?
of 240 V at 60 Hz. The firing angle delay α = 75o.
A. no transformer is required
Determine the load power and power factor for a
B. only one stage of conversion
resistive load of 100Ω.
C. no filter is required
A. 382 W, 0.814 C. 328 W, 0.712
D. low power dissipation
B. 283 W, 0.829 D. 238 W, 0.857
62. Which one of the following is used as the main
71. A full-wave fully controlled bridge has a highly inductive
switching element in a switched mode power supply
load with a resistance of 75 Ω, and a supply voltage of
operating in 20 kHz to 100 kHz range?
120 V at 50 Hz. Determine the rms current and power
A. Thyristor C. Triac
factor for a firing delay of 60o.
B. MOSFET D. UJT
A. 0.88 A, 0.83 C. 0.84 A, 0.65
63. In a switching regulator, the control transistor is B. 0.75 A, 0.54 D. 0.72 A, 0.45
conducting
72. A three-phase fully controlled thyristor converter has a
A. part of the time
highly inductive load of 10 Ω and a supply of 220 V at
B. all of the time
60 Hz. Determine the values of average load voltage
C. only when the input voltage exceeds a set limit
and load power for firing angle delay of α = 50o.
D. only when there is an overload
A. 446 V, 20 kW C. 331 V, 11 kW
64. In a UPS, the solid state switch normally transfer supply B. 286 V, 6 kW D. 258 V, 5 kW
within
73. A triac controller provides variable power to a 200 ohm
A. 4 ms C. 48 ms
resistive load from a 240 V, 50 Hz supply. Determine
B. 30 ms D. 30 s
the values of load power and converter power factor
65. A 80 V chopper drives a resistive load of 16Ω. The for firing angle delay α = 30o.
chopper frequency is set to 2 kHz. Calculate the A. 185 W, 0.71 C. 134 W, 0.17
average load current for a turn-on time of 0.1 ms. B. 217 W, 0.54 D. 278 W, 0.98
A. 0.25 A C. 0.75 A
74. A burst-firing ac to ac power controller is connected
B. 0.5 A D. 1.0 A
between a 250 V, 50 Hz supply and a 100 ohm resistive
66. A 75 V chopper drives a resistive load of 10Ω. The load. Determine the values of current and power factor
chopper frequency is set to 1 kHz. Calculate the when tn = 40 ms and tf = 120 ms.
average load power for a turn-on time of 0.4 ms. A. 2.51 A, 0.678 C. 1.25 A, 0.5
A. 187.5 W C. 225 W B. 2.15 A, 0.867 D. 1.52 A, 0.768
B. 250 W D. 284.5 W
75. A dc series motor chopper drive has the following
67. A step-up chopper is to provide a 48V across a 12 Ω parameters: battery voltage = 90 V, R = 0.1 Ω, kv = 10
load from a 12V dc supply. The chopper inductance is mV/A-rad/s, chopper frequency 250 Hz. Determine the
10 µH and the chopper frequency is 100 kHz. armature current and motor speed at a torque of 10
Determine the maximum and minimum battery Nm with on-time of 1.5 ms.
currents during switching. A. 22.8 A, 734 rpm C. 45.6 A, 584 rpm
A. 20 A, 10 A C. 20.5 A, 11.5 A B. 31.6 A, 924 rpm D. 59.8 A, 387 rpm
B. 17.5 A, 12.5 A D. 20.25 A, 12.75 A