Electronics Refresher I RF Review Center

1. A bipolar transistor would operate as an C. the output is drawn in the collector 27. If a transistor operates at the middle of
amplifier in what mode of operation? terminal the load line, an increase in the base
A. linear * C. saturation D. all of the above resistance will move the Q point
B. cut-off D. ohmic A. Down * C. Nowhere
15. As the temperature increases, the current B. Up D. Off the load line
2. For the typical transistor amplifier in the gain
active region, VCE is usually about _____ A. Decreases 28. If the emitter resistance decreases, the
% to _____ % of VCC. B. Remains the same collector voltage
A. 10, 60 C. 25, 75 * C. Increases A. Decreases *
B. 40, 90 D. 10, 50 D. Can be any of the above * B. Stays the same
C. Increases
3. In a pnp circuit, the collector is 16. In a fixed-bias circuit, which one of the D. Breaks down the transistor
A. Has an arrow pointing inward stability factors overrides the other
B. positive with respect to the emitter factors? 29. When the current gain increases from 50
C. biased at a small portion of the base A. S(ICO) C. S(β) * to 300 in an emitter-biased circuit, the
bias B. S(VBE) D. NOTA collector current
D. negative with respect to the emitter * A. Remains almost the same *
17. In a voltage-divider circuit, which one of B. Decreases by a factor of 6
4. Which of the following voltages must the stability factors has the least effect on C. Increases by a factor of 6
have a negative level (value) in any npn the device at very high temperature? D. Is zero
bias circuit? A. S(ICO) C. S(β) *
A. VBE C. VBC * B. S(VBE) D. NOTA 30. What does a reading of a large or small
B. VCE D. NOTA resistance in forward- and reverse-biased
18. What type of bias keeps the base bias conditions indicate when checking a
5. Within the linear region of operation, what constant and improves thermal stability? transistor using an ohmmeter?
happens to VCE as the current IC A. Self-bias A. faulty device *
increases in a BJT? B. Fixed bias B. good device
A. It would increase as well C. Combination bias * C. bad ohmmeter
B. It would decrease * D. Each of the above D. none of the above
C. It remains unchanged
D. It increases and then decreases when 19. Which of the following is assumed in the 31. What range of resistor values would you
saturation is reached approximate analysis of a voltage divider get when checking a transistor for
circuit? forward- and reverse-biased conditions
6. When the Q point moves along the load A. IB is essentially zero amperes. by an ohmmeter?
line, the voltage increases when the B. R1 and R2 are considered to be series A. 100Ω to a few kΩ, exceeding 100 kΩ*
collector current elements. B. Exceeding 100 kΩ, 100Ω to a few kΩ
A. Decreases * C. βRE ≥ 10R2 C. Exceeding 100 kΩ, exceeding 100 kΩ
B. Stays the same D. All of the above * D. 100 Ω to a few kΩ, 100 Ω to a few kΩ
C. Increases
D. none of the above 20. Which one has the advantage of having a 32. What are the ranges of the ac input and
reduced distortion in the output signal output resistance for a common-base
7. If the current gain is 200 and the collector aside from being stable? configuration?
current is 100 mA, the base current is A. Emitter-stabilized circuit A. 10 Ω – 100 Ω, 50 kΩ – 1 MΩ *
A. 0.5 mA * B. 2 mA B. Collector feedback circuit * B. 50 kΩ – 1 MΩ, 10 MΩ – 100 Ω
C. 2 A D. 20 A C. Voltage-divider C. 10 Ω – 100 kΩ, 50 Ω – 1 kΩ
D. Fixed biased circuit D. none of the above
8. For a properly biased pnp transistor, let IC
= 10 mA and IE = 10.2 mA. What is the 21. Calculate the Thevenin voltage in a CE 33. The _____ model suffers from being
level of IB? circuit that has a VCC = 20 V, R1 = 8.2 kΩ limited to a particular set of operating
A. 0.2 A C. 200 μA * and R2 = 2.2 kΩ. conditions if it is to be considered
B. 200 mA D. 0.2 μA A. 15.77 V C. 3.24 V accurate.
B. 2.43 V D. 4.23 V A. hybrid * C. β
9. Calculate minority current ICO if IC = B. re D. Thevenin
20.002 mA and IC majority = 20 mA. 22. Calculate the Thevenin resistance for the
A. 2 μA C. 2 nA previous problem. 34. The _____ model fails to account for the
B. 0.002 μA D. 2 μA * A. 10.4 kΩ C. 6 kΩ output impedance level of the device and
B. 1.73 kΩ * D. 5.2 kΩ the feedback effect from output to input.
10. What is αDC equal to? A. hybrid C. β
A. IB/IE C. IC/IB 23. The graph of current gain versus B. re * D. Thevenin
B. IC/IE * D. NOTA collector-current indicates that the current
gain 35. Which of the h-parameters corresponds
11. According to the datasheet of a A. Is constant to re in a common-base configuration?
transistor, its hfe is equal to 100. If this B. Varies slightly A. hib * C. hrb
transistor is used as common base, C. Varies significantly * B. hfb D. hob
determine the parameter alpha? D. Equals the collector current divided by
A. 0.01 B. 101 the base current 36. Which transistor parameter has a value
C. 0.99 * D. nota of approximately equal to one?
24. If the base resistor is very small, the A. hfb * B. hfe
12. What is the most frequently encountered transistor will operate in the C. hib D. hoe
transistor configuration? A. cut-off B. active
A. common-base C. saturation * D. breakdown 37. What happens to the gain when the
B. common-emitter * bypass capacitor in a CE amplifier is
C. common-collector 25. If the base resistor is shorted, the removed?
D. emitter-follower transistor will probably be A. The gain decreases. *
A. Saturated B. The gain increases.
13. For what kind of amplifications can the B. In cutoff C. The gain is generally unaffected.
active region of the common-emitter C. Destroyed * D. The gain will become zero.
configuration be used? D. None of the above
A. voltage C. power 38. Which statement is true?
B. current D. AOTA * 26. If the collector resistor decreases to zero A. the load impedance does not affect
in a base-biased circuit, the load line will the voltage gain of an amplifier
14. Which of the following is (are) related to become B. a greater load impedance would
an emitter-follower configuration? A. Horizontal C. Useless mean greater voltage gain *
A. the input and output are in-phase with B. Vertical * D. Flat C. the loaded gain is always greater than
each other * the no-load gain
B. the voltage gain is slightly greater D. the loaded gain equal the no-load
than one gain
Electronics Refresher I RF Review Center

A. 125 dB B. 37.5 dB 62. When the gate voltage becomes more

39. What would happen to the voltage gain of C. 35.7 dB D. 71.5 dB * negative in an n-channel JFET, the
an amplifier if a load is connected to its channel between the depletion layers
output? 50. If the voltage gain doubles, the dB A. shrinks * C. expands
A. the gain is practically not affected voltage gain increases by B. conduct D. stops conducting
B. it will always decrease * A. a factor of 2 B. 3 dB
C. it will always increase C. 6 dB * D. 10 dB 63. When reverse bias is applied to the gate
D. it may increase or decrease lead of a JFET, what happens to (a)
depending on the load 51. Two stages have decibel voltage gains of source-to-drain resistance of the device
20 and 40 dB. The total ordinary voltage and (b) current flow?
40. The current gain of any configuration gain is A. (a) Decreases (b) decreases
A. Is directly proportional to the voltage A. 1 B. 10 B. (a) Decreases (b) increases *
gain C. 100 D. 1000 * C. (a) Increases (b) decreases
B. Is directly proportional to the input D. (a) Increases (b) increases
impedance * 52. The field-effect transistor (FET) combines
C. Is independent of the load resistance what desired characteristic of the vacuum 64. When the drain saturation current is less
D. All of the above tube with the many other advantages of than IDSS, a JFET acts like a
the transistor? A. bipolar transistor B. current source
41. The power dissipated by a transistor A. Low output impedance C. resistor * D. battery
approximately equals the collector B. High output impedance
current times C. Low input impedance 65. To get a negative gate-source voltage in
A. Base-emitter voltage D. High input impedance * a self-biased JFET circuit, you must have
B. Collector-emitter voltage * a
C. Base supply voltage 53. What parameter controls the output A. Voltage divider
D. 0.7 V current in a FET device? B. Source resistor *
A. VDS C. VGS * C. Ground
42. Which of the following defines the B. ID D. IG D. Negative gate supply voltage
conversion efficiency?
A. ac power to the load/ac input power 54. The gate-source diode of a JFET should 66. For a given n-channel JFET, IDSS = 12mA
B. ac power to the load/dc power be and VP = 6V, calculate VGS at ID = 4mA.
supplied * A. Forward-biased A. 2.54 V C. 5.24 V
C. dc output power/ac input power B. Reverse-biased * B. – 2.54 V * D. – 5.24 V
D. dc power to the load/ac power supply C. Either forward- or reverse-biased
D. None of the above 67. What is the ratio of ID/IDSS for VGS = 0.5 VP
43. The ac emitter resistance of a circuit is A. 0.25 * C. 1
found to be 13 ohms. The dc emitter 55. Which of the following conditions is not B. 0.5 D. 0
current must be normally desirable in a JFET?
A. 2 mA * A. A conducting channel 68. The drain current will always be one-
B. 13 mA B. Holes as the majority carriers fourth of IDSS as long as the gate-to-
C. 0.7 mA C. A forward-biased PN junction * source voltage is _____ the pinch-off
D. The required quantity cannot be D. A high input impedance value.
determined. A. one-fourth C. three-fourths
56. A FET can be used as an amplifier in B. one-half * D. two-thirds
44. Which of the following configurations has which region of operation?
a voltage gain of –RC /re? A. linear or active B. saturation * 69. If a JFET has IDSS = 10 mA and VP = 2 V,
A. fixed-bias common-emitter C. ohmic D. cut-off then RDS equals
B. CE voltage divider with bypass A. 200 ohm * C. 1 kohm
capacitor 57. At which of the following is the level of B. 400 ohm D. 5 kohm
C. fixed-bias CE and voltage divider with VDS equal to the pinch-off voltage?
bypass capacitor * A. when ID becomes equal to IDSS 70. Which FET operates with both positive
D. CE voltage divider without bypass B. when VGS is zero volts and negative values of VGS?
capacitor C. IG is zero A. JFET C. D-MOSFET *
D. all of the above * B. E-MOSFET D. VMOS
45. For a CE amplifier whose emitter resistor
is bypassed, the voltage gain is given by 58. The pinch-off voltage has the same 71. A significant difference between
A. – RC/re * C. – RC/RE magnitude as the MOSFETs and JFETs is the fact
B. – RC/(RE +re) D. βre A. VG B. VDS A. MOSFETs can handle a wider range
C. VGS D. VGS(off) * of gate bias voltages *
46. The dc emitter current in a fixed biased B. MOSFETs can deliver greater output
circuit is found out to be 1.5 mA. If the 59. What is the "pinch off" voltage of an power
collector resistance is 2.4 kΩ, the voltage FET? C. MOSFETs are more rugged
gain is close to A. The voltage required for the FET to D. MOSFETs last longer
A. 150 C. 140 * conduct
B. 130 D. 21 dB B. The voltage required to overcome the 72. A p-channel D-MOSFET has IDSS = 6 mA
FET reverse bias and VP = 6 V. What is the drain current
47. What is the main reason for cascading C. The voltage required to reduce drain when VGS = 1 V?
amplifier stages? current to zero * A. 8.167 mA C. 6.167 mA
A. to achieve greater stability D. The voltage required to reduce gate B. 4.167 mA * D. 0.616 mA
B. to minimize loading effects voltage to zero
C. to attain higher over-all gain * 73. A disadvantage of MOS components is
D. all answers are correct 60. The voltage at which the drain current in the fact that
a JFET becomes zero is called A. They can be easily damaged by static
48. Suppose a circuit is found to have a A. pinch-off voltage electricity *
voltage gain of -15 dB. Which of the B. drop-out voltage B. They need a high input voltage in
following statements is true? C. cut-off voltage * order to amplify
A. The output signal is stronger than the D. holding voltage C. They draw large amounts of current
input signal. D. They produce a great deal of heat
B. The input signal is stronger than the 61. What is the level of drain current ID for
output signal. * gate-to-source voltages VGS less than 74. Which of the following devices
C. The input signal is 15 times as strong (more negative than) the pinch-off level? revolutionized the computer industry?
as the output signal. A. zero * A. BJT C. JFET
D. The output signal is 15 times stronger B. IDSS B. D-MOSFET D. E-MOSFET *
than the input signal. C. negative value
D. maximum 75. When an enhancement-mode MOSFETs
49. The individual loaded voltage gains of a is at zero bias
two-stage amplifier are 50 and 75. What A. The drain current is high with no
is the amplifier’s over-all gain? signal
Electronics Refresher I RF Review Center

B. The drain current fluctuates with no 88. If a 50 kΩ load is connected to the output, A. 20 * C. 200
signal what is the loaded gain of the previous B. 2000 D. 20000
C. The drain current is low with no signal problem?
D. The drain current is zero with no A. 8.2 B. 9.0 102. The frequency of an amplifier where the
signal C. 8.4 D. 8.9 * gain becomes 0 dB is called
A. Critical frequency
76. An E-MOSFET that operates at cutoff or 89. A source follower has a voltage gain of B. Cut-off frequency
in the ohmic region is an example of A. gmRD B. gmRs C. gain-bandwidth product *
A. A current source C. (gmRs)/(1+ gmRs) D. (gmRD)/(1+ gmRD) D. half-power frequency
B. An active load
C. A passive load 90. When the internal temperature increases 103. The open-loop gain of the operational
D. A switching device * in a power FET, the amplifier is 100,000 and the open-loop
A. threshold voltage increases bandwidth is 10 hertz. If we make it a
77. VGS(on) is always B. gate current decreases closed-loop with a gain of 10, what is the
A. Less than VGS(th) C. drain current decreases * bandwidth of the circuit?
B. Equal to VDS(on) D. saturation current increases A. 100 kHz * C. 350 kHz
C. Greater than VGS(th) * B. 500 kHz D. 583 kHz
D. Negative 91. The high output of a CMOS inverter is
A. VDD/2 B. VGS 104. The fT of a certain transistor is 75 MHz. If
78. The threshold voltage of a certain n- C. VDS D. VDD * the critical frequencies are 1 kHz and 1
channel E-MOSFET is 2V. The value of k MHz respectively, the voltage gain must
is 0.278 × 10–2 A/V2. Find the value of 92. A cascode amplifier has the advantage of be
VGS when the drain current is 8 mA. A. Large voltage gain A. 7.5 C. 75 *
A. 9.36 V * C. 7.36 V B. Low input capacitance * B. 10 D. 7.07
B. 5.36 V D. 2.36 V C. Low input impedance
D. Higher gm 105. One frequency is 8 times another
79. With CMOS, the upper MOSFET is frequency. How many octaves apart are
A. A passive load 93. When the internal temperature increases the two frequencies?
B. An active load in a power FET, the A. 1 C. 2
C. Nonconducting A. Threshold voltage increases B. 3 * D. 4
D. Complementary * B. Gate current decreases
C. Drain current decreases * 106. If you want to improve the high-frequency
80. With active-load switching, the upper E- D. Saturation current increases response of an amplifier, which of these
MOSFET is a would you try?
A. Two-terminal device * 94. Most power FETS are A. Decrease the coupling capacitances
B. Three-terminal device A. Used in high-current applications * B. Increase the bypass capacitance
C. Switch B. Digital computers C. Shorten leads as much as possible *
D. Small resistance C. RF stages D. Increase the generator resistance
D. Integrated circuits
81. The measure of a FET’s ability to amplify 107. The configuration noted for its stability in
current is indicated by 95. A JFET is sometimes biased at or radio frequency power amplifiers is the
A. Shockley’s equation beyond pinch-off in A. common-collector C. emitter-follower
B. drain characteristics A. a power amplifier * B. common-base * D. common-emitter
C. transfer characteristics B. a rectifier
D. transconductance * C. filter 108. When the voltage gain of an amplifier is
D. weak signal amplifier increased, the bandwidth
82. The transconductance curve is A. is not affected B. increases
A. Linear 96. The high frequency response of an C. decreases * D. doubles
B. Similar to the graph of a resistor amplifier is determined in part by
C. Nonlinear * A. The coupling capacitor 109. Which of the following statements
D. Like a single drain curve B. The bypass capacitor describes the relationship of input and
C. The internal transistor capacitances * output signals in an amplifier?
83. The transconductance increases when D. The Miller effect A. The input signal is actually changed
the drain current approaches into the output signal
A. 0 C. IDSS * 97. The bandwidth of the amplifier is B. Both the input and output signal are
B. I (sat) D. IS determined by unchanged; neither is affected by the
A. The gain-bandwidth product other
84. For what conditions will the B. The midrange gain C. The input signal is controlled by the
transconductance of a JFET be at its C. The roll-off rate output signal and the output signal
maximum value? D. The critical frequencies * remains unchanged
A. when VGS = 0 V * D. The input signal remains unchanged
B. when ID = 0 mA 98. The frequency at which the output power and the output signal is controlled by
C. When VGS = VP of an amplifier becomes half of the the input signal *
D. choices b and c midband power output
A. gain-bandwidth product 110. Most amplifiers can be classified in which
85. The specification sheet of an n-channel B. critical frequency * of the following ways?
JFET says that the value of ID when VGS C. unity-gain frequency A. Function and size
= 0 is 8 mA. If the device turns of when D. midband frequency B. Power requirements and size
VGS = 4 V, what is its maximum C. Function and frequency response *
transconductance? 99. The midband gain of an amplifier is 7.5. D. Frequency response and power
A. 2 Ms C. 4mS * What must be the gain at the critical requirements
B. 6 Ms D. 16 mS frequencies?
A. 5.3 dB B. 17.5 dB 111. The class of operation of an amplifier is
86. If a certain JFET has a yfs of 3.5 mS and C. 7.2 dB D. 14.7 dB * determined by which of the following
yos of 25 μS, what is its factors?
transconductance? 100. At the upper critical frequency, the peak A. The gain of the stage
A. 3.5 Ms C. 25 mS output voltage of a certain amplifier is 10 B. The efficiency of the amplifier
B. 25 Μs D. 3.5 μS V. What is the peak output voltage at the C. The amount of time (in relation to the
midrange? input signal) that current flows in the
87. A bypassed common-source amplifier A. 7.07 V C. 6.37 V output circuit
has a yfs of 3.5 mS. If the drain B. 14.14 V * D. 10 V D. The amount of current (in relation to
resistance is 3 kΩ and the transistor’s yos the input-signal current) that flows in
is 40 μS, determine the unloaded gain. 101. The voltage gain of an amplifier the output circuit *
A. 10.5 C. 9.4 decreases 20 dB per decade above 20
B. 10.0 D. 8.4 kHz. If the midband voltage gain is 86 112. Which amplifier is used in most low-
dB, what is the ordinary voltage gain at power applications where efficiency is not
20 MHz? a major concern?
Electronics Refresher I RF Review Center

A. class A * C. class B 126. The collector current of a class C 137. The common-mode rejection ratio is
B. class C D. class D amplifier A. Very low
A. Is an amplified version of the input B. Often expressed in decibels *
113. The transistor in a class B amplifier are voltage C. Equal to the voltage gain
biased B. Has harmonics * D. Equal to the common-mode voltage
A. into cut-off C. Is negatively clamped gain
B. in saturation D. Flows for half a cycle
C. at the midpoint of the load line 138. The voltage between the input terminals
D. exactly at cut-off * 127. The bandwidth of a class C amplifier of an ideal op amp is
decreases when the A. Zero *
114. Class C amplifiers are almost always A. Resonant frequency increases B. Very small
A. Transformer-coupled between stages B. Q increases * C. Very large
B. Operated at audio frequencies C. XL decreases D. Equal to the input voltage
C. Tuned RF amplifiers * D. Load resistance decreases
D. Wideband 139. In the inverting configuration of an
128. Distortion caused by amplifier saturation operational-amplifier circuit where are the
115. The power dissipation of a class C can be reduced by using which of the (a) input signal and (b) feedback signal
amplifier is normally following types of feedback? applied?
A. very low * A. positive B. negative * A. (a) Inverting input (b) Inverting input *
B. the same as class B C. regenerative D. unbypassed B. (a) Inverting input (b) Noninverting
C. very high input
D. moderately high 129. Of the following networks, which could be C. (a) Noninverting input (b) Inverting
used as a frequency-determining network input
116. Which class of amplifier has the highest for an RF amplifier? D. (a) Noninverting input (b) Noninverting
efficiency? A. A parallel-resistor network input
A. class A B. class B B. A series-resistor network
C. class C D. class D * C. A parallel RC network 140. An ICVS amplifier has no output voltage.
D. A parallel LC network * A possible trouble is
117. The push-pull amplifier A. No negative supply voltage
A. Operates in a linear manner 130. If a current gain is desired, which of the B. Shorted feedback resistor *
B. Has much efficiency than class A following elements/networks should be C. No feedback voltage
C. Is often used in audio amplifiers used as an output-coupling device? D. Open load resistor
D. All of the above * A. An RC network
B. A resistive network 141. The closed-loop input impedance with an
118. Which of the following is a common use C. A step-up transformer ICVS amplifier is
for a push-pull amplifier? D. A step-down transformer * A. Usually larger than the open-loop
A. The first stage of a video amplifier input impedance
B. The amplifier stage connected directly 131. Which of the following statements B. Equal to the open-loop input
to an antenna describes the basic operating principle of impedance
C. The second stage in a four stage rf a magnetic amplifier? C. Sometimes less than the open-loop
amplifier A. Any power amplifier creates a impedance
D. The final stage in an audio amplifier * magnetic field which can be used to D. Ideally zero *
increase the gain of the power
119. A certain class A power amplifier delivers amplifier 142. Negative feedback does not improve
5 W to a load with an input signal power B. The inductance of an air-core inductor A. Stability of voltage gain
of 100 mW. The power gain is will change as the power used by the B. Nonlinear distortion in later stages
A. 100 B. 50 * load changes * C. Output offset voltage
C. 250 D. 5 C. A changing inductance can be used to D. Power bandwidth *
control the current in a load
120. The speaker system of a record player D. Magnetism can be increased by 143. A VCVS amplifier has no output voltage.
should be driven by which of the following changing the voltage amplitude A possible trouble is
types of amplifier? A. Shorted load resistor *
A. An audio power amplifier * 132. If the output of a voltage regulator varies B. Open feedback resistor
B. A video voltage amplifier from 15 to 14.7 V between the minimum C. Excessive input voltage
C. A direct-current voltage amplifier and maximum load current, the load D. Open load resistor
D. An alternating-current rf amplifier regulation is
A. 0 C. 2% * 144. The input signal for an instrumentation
121. What is the purpose of an amplifier B. 1% D. 5% amplifier usually comes from
coupling network? A. An inverting amplifier
A. To "block" d.c. 133. Monolithic ICs are B. A transducer
B. To provide gain between stages A. a. Forms of discrete circuits C. A differential amplifier
C. To separate one stage from another B. b. On a single chip * D. A Wheatstone bridge *
D. To transfer energy from one stage to C. c. Combinations of thin-film and thick-
another * film circuits 145. The Howland current source produces a
D. d. Also called hybrid ICs A. Unidirectional floating load current
122. Which of the following types of coupling B. Bidirectional single-ended load current*
is usually used to couple the output from 134. The input offset current equals the C. Unidirectional single-ended load
a power amplifier? A. Difference of two base currents * current
A. RC B. impedance B. Average of two base currents D. Bidirectional floating load current
C. direct D. transformer * C. Collector current divided by current
gain 146. An input transducer converts
123. Transformer coupling is an example of D. Difference between two base-emitter A. Voltage to current
A. Direct coupling voltages B. Current to voltage
B. AC coupling * C. An electrical quantity to a
C. DC coupling 135. When the two input terminals of a diff nonelectrical quantity
D. Impedance coupling amp are grounded, D. A nonelectrical quantity to an
A. the base currents are equal electrical quantity *
124. The first stage of a preamp is B. the collector currents are equal
A. a tuned RF stage C. large signal C. an output error voltage usually exists * 147. When we trim a resistor, we are
B. small-signal * D. a dc amplifier D. the ac output voltage is zero A. Making a fine adjustment *
B. Reducing its value
125. A tuned RF amplifier is 136. The input stage of an op amp is usually a C. Increasing its value
A. Narrowband * A. Differential amplifier * D. Making a coarse adjustment
B. Wideband B. Class B push-pull amplifier
C. Direct coupled C. CE amplifier 148. When a JFET is used in an AGC circuit, it
D. Impedance coupled D. Swamped amplifier acts like a
A. Switch
Electronics Refresher I RF Review Center

B. Voltage-controlled current source B. To amplify the output signal of the

C. Voltage-controlled resistance * oscillator 176. Artificially grown silicon or germanium
D. Capacitance C. To remove frequency distortion from crystals are used to produce substrates
the oscillator for which of the following types of
149. The region between the passband and D. To prevent load variations from integrated circuits?
the stopband is called the affecting the oscillator * A. hybrid C. thin-film
A. Attenuation B. Center B. thick film D. monolithic *
C. Transition * D. Ripple 163. Why is class A bias used in oscillators?
A. To develop low power 177. Which of the following types of material is
150. The center frequency of a bandpass filter B. To develop maximum power preferred for film circuit substrates?
is always equal to C. To maintain low distortion * A. silicon C. ceramic *
A. The bandwidth D. To maintain high efficiency B. germanium D. fiberglass
B. Geometric average of the cutoff
frequencies * 164. What electrical characteristic makes the 178. Which of the following is a major
C. Bandwidth divided by Q frequency stability of a crystal better than advantage of hybrid ICs?
D. 3-dB frequency that of an LC tank circuit? A. Ease of manufacture
A. Higher Q * B. Ease of replacement
151. The approximation with a maximally-flat B. Higher inductance C. Design flexibility *
passband is C. Higher resistance D. Easy availability
A. Chebyshev D. Higher capacitance
B. Inverse Chebyshev * 179. The prevention of unwanted interaction or
C. Elliptic 165. What oscillator uses a tickler coil for leakage between components is
D. Bessel feedback? accomplished by which of the following
A. Hartley C. Colpitts techniques?
152. The approximation that distorts digital B. Armstrong * D. RC phase-shift A. isolation * B. insulation
signals the least is the B. integration C. differentiation
A. Chebyshev C. Elliptic 166. Which of the following advantages does
B. Bessel * D. Butterworth the Colpitts oscillator have over the 180. Vacuum evaporation and cathode
Armstrong and Hartley oscillators? sputtering are two methods used to
153. The filter with the slowest roll-off rate A. Easier to tune produce which of the following types of
A. Chebyshev C. Elliptic B. Wider frequency range components?
B. Bessel * D. Butterworth C. Better frequency stability A. diodes C. thin-film *
D. All of the above * B. thick-film D. transistors
154. Sallen-Key filters are also called
A. VCVS filters * 167. Which of the following oscillators is used 181. To deposit highly reactive materials on a
B. MFB filters to provide a highly stable output at a very substrate, which of the following methods
C. Biquadratic filters precise frequency? is used?
D. State-variable filters A. crystal * C. Hartley A. Photoetching
B. Colpitts D. Armstrong B. Photolithography
155. The all-pass filter is used when C. Cathode sputtering
A. High roll-off rates are needed 168. What is the highest multiplication factor D. Vacuum evaporation *
B. Phase shift is important * normally used in frequency multipliers?
C. A maximally-flat passband is needed A. one C. two 182. The most complex to produce and
D. A rippled stopband is important B. three D. four * difficult to repair printed circuit boards are
those made using which of the following
156. The voltage that starts an oscillator is 169. Which of the following multivibrators must methods?
caused by have a signal applied (triggered) to A. Layer-buildup *
A. Ripple from the power supply change states? B. Clearance-hole
B. Noise voltage in resistors * A. astable C. bistable C. Step-down-hole
C. The input signal from a generator B. monostable D. both B and C * D. Plated-through-hole
D. Positive feedback
170. What is the primary use for the 183. Solder used in electronics is an alloy
157. The phase-shift oscillator usually has monostable multivibrator circuit? composed of which of the following
A. Two lead or lag circuits A. filter C. amplifier metals?
B. Three lead or fag circuits * B. oscillator D. pulse stretcher * A. Tin and zinc
C. A lead-lag circuit B. Tin and lead *
D. A twin-T filter 171. The blocking oscillator is NOT suitable for C. Lead and zinc
which of the following circuit D. Lead and copper
158. The most widely used LC oscillator is the applications?
A. Armstrong C. Clapp A. Counter circuit 184. Which of the following alloys will melt
B. Colpitts * D. Hartley B. Frequency divider directly into a liquid and have no plastic
C. Switching circuit or semiliquid state?
159. Of the following, the one with the most D. Sine-wave generator * A. Metallic alloy
stable frequency is the B. Eutectic alloy *
A. Armstrong C. Clapp * 172. What is the harmonic content of a square C. Zinc-lead alloy
B. Colpitts D. Hartley wave? D. Copper-zinc alloy
A. combination of odd harmonics only *
160. The Wien-bridge oscillator is useful B. combination of even harmonics only 185. The central processing unit is made up of
A. At low frequencies * C. Both even and odd harmonic which of the following sections?
B. At high frequencies combinations A. Control and internal storage only
C. With LC tank circuits B. Central and arithmetic-logic only
D. At small input signals 173. Monolithic integrated circuits are usually C. Arithmetic-logic and internal storage
referred to as only
161. Amplitude stability in an oscillator is the A. hybrids C. substrates D. Control, internal storage, and
ability to B. silicon chips * D. wafer arithmetic-logic *
A. produce an increased amplitude in the
output 174. A device that allows the depositing of 186. Each of the individual electronic circuits
B. produce a variable amplitude in the material in selected areas of a on a silicon chip is called what?
output semiconductor substrate, but not in A. A memory cell
C. maintain a constant frequency in the others, is known as a B. A bit cell *
output A. blind C. screen C. A byte cell
D. maintain a constant amplitude in the B. filter D. wafer mask * D. A holding cell
output *
175. Which of the following types of material is 187. Using a very thin crystal made of
162. What is the purpose of a buffer amplifier? preferred for film circuit substrates? semiconductor material, what type of
A. To provide a direct connection A. silicon C. ceramic * memory can be created?
between the oscillator and the load B. germanium D. fiberglass A. Bubble *
Electronics Refresher I RF Review Center

B. Magnetic core 200. During regulation, the power dissipation 212. What is the ratio of the total width to that
C. Semiconductor of the pass transistor equals the of the center layer for a transistor?
D. Capacitive collector-emitter voltage times the A. 1:15 C. 15:1
A. Base current B. 1:150 D. 150:1 *
188. What kind of memory used inside B. Load current *
computers has a read/write capability C. Zener current 213. What is the voltage gain of a feedback
without any additional special D. Foldback current pair connection?
equipment? A. 1 * C. less than 1
A. ROM 201. Without current limiting, a shorted load B. -1 D. greater than 1
B. RAM * will probably
C. EPROM A. Produce zero load current 214. Which of the following circuits provides
D. PROM B. Destroy diodes and transistors * an improved constant-current source?
C. Have a load voltage equal to the A. JFET
189. A floppy disk surface has what maximum zener voltage B. bipolar transistor
number of tracks? D. Have too little load current C. transistor/zener *
A. 66 C. 77 * D. none of the above
B. 88 D. 88 202. With foldback current limiting, the load
voltage approaches zero, and the load 215. Which of the following can be obtained
190. The drive motor of a disk drive unit current approaches from the last scale factor of a curve
rotates the disk at a constant speed, A. A small value * tracer?
normally how many revolutions per B. Infinity A. hFE * C. αac
minute? C. The zener current B. αdc D. βdc
A. 2,000 rpm C. 3,000 rpm D. A destructive level
B. 2,500 rpm D. 3,600 rpm * 216. Which of the following equipment can
203. Thermal shutdown occurs in an IC check the condition of a transistor?
191. The three characters following each regulator if A. current tracer
directory entry are called what? A. Power dissipation is too high B. digital display meter (DDM)
A. Files B. Internal temperature is too high * C. ohmmeter (VOM)
B. Records C. Current through the device is too high D. all of the above *
C. Locators D. All the above occur
D. Extensions * 217. The capacitor that produces an ac
204. A switching regulator is considered ground is called a
192. On a computer, what is the sequence of A. Quiet C. Inefficient A. Bypass capacitor *
characters called? B. Noisy * D. Linear B. Coupling capacitor
A. Numerical sequence C. Dc open
B. Collating sequence * 205. The efficiency of a linear regulator is high D. Ac open
C. Random sequence when the
D. Alphabetic sequence A. Headroom voltage is low * 218. Which of the following circuit actions is a
B. Pass transistor has a high power result of critical damping?
193. In addition to four numeric bits, there are dissipation A. Rapid transient response without
four other bit positions used in an 8-bit C. Zener voltage is low overshoot *
code, what are they called? D. Output voltage is low B. Rapid transient response with
A. Area bits overshoot
B. Zone bits * 206. In a boost regulator, the output voltage is C. Slow transient response without
C. Region bits filtered with a overshoot
D. District bits A. Choke-input filter D. Slow transient response with
B. Capacitor-input filter * overshoot
194. If one of the inputs to an XOR gate is C. Diode
high, what is the output state? D. Voltage divider 219. What three circuits are most commonly
A. It will have no output used as frequency determining devices?
B. low 207. When a parallel-resonant circuit operates A. Class C amplifier, class B amplifier,
C. high BELOW resonance, which of the and class A amplifier
D. It depends on the state of the other following component characteristics B. Crystal-controlled oscillator, RC
input * describes circuit action? oscillator, and LC oscillator *
A. inductive * C. resistive C. Common-emitter amplifier, common
195. The output of a NOR gate is high if B. capacitive D. reactive base amplifier, and common-collector
A. One of the inputs is high amplifier
B. One input is low 208. The action of a filter circuit that reduces D. Transformer coupler, RC coupler, and
C. All inputs are high the amplitude of unwanted frequencies direct coupler
D. All inputs are low * below the amplitude of the desired
frequency is known as 220. Which of the following terms describes
196. Flip-flops are what type of multivibrator? A. attenuation * the gradual amplitude reduction in an
A. Astable C. Free running B. amplification oscillator?
B. Monostable D. Bistable * C. discrimination A. Damping *
D. impedance matching B. Phase shift
197. A T flip-flop is used primarily for which of C. Regeneration
the following functions? 209. What oscillator uses a tickler coil for D. Flywheel effect
A. To divide the input frequency by two * feedback?
B. To double the input frequency A. Hartley C. Armstrong * 221. What type of feedback opposes an input
C. To amplify the input frequency B. Colpitts D. RC phase-shift signal?
D. To invert the input frequency A. Positive
210. What class of biasing does the RC B. Unbypassed
198. Which of the following types of circuits oscillator use? C. Degenerative *
will produce a stable clock when A. A * C. C D. Regenerative
triggered by an outside source? B. B D. AB
A. R-S flip-flop 222. What type of feedback is used to sustain
B. Bistable multivibrator 211. Why is the crystal in a crystal-controlled oscillations?
C. One-shot multivibrator oscillator often installed in a temperature- A. Bypassed
D. D flip-flop * controlled oven? B. Negative
A. To increase frequency without C. Degenerative
199. The circuit which generates a timing changing the crystal D. Regenerative *
signal to control operations is called a/an B. To decrease frequency without
A. clock * changing the crystal
B. counter C. To provide better amplitude stability
C. oscillator D. To provide better frequency stability *
D. bistable multivibrator