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Eurocode Verification of A Runway Beam Subject To
Eurocode Verification of A Runway Beam Subject To
Eurocode verification of a
runway beam subject to
wheel loads – Part 1
Dorota Koschmidder-Hatch of the SCI describes the design of runway
beams carrying an underslung hoist or crane to BS EN 1993-6 – in particular
the verification of the bottom flange at ULS and SLS. Part 1 describes the
requirements of the Standard. Part 2 will include a worked example.
xe xw n
Wheel loads m+ n
r
n
m
b
a m+ n
Yield lines
Figure 2: Four-wheel hoist
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24 February 2015
Technical
[ ( )]
lefftf2fy / γM0 σ f,Ed 2 calculated stresses must be superposed.
Ft,Rd = 1- The situation is more complicated close to the end of a beam
4m fy / γM0
(within 1.5b), where there is no continuity of the flange. An
The resistance is based on the length of a yield line, leff , which is expression is offered, or the alternative of reinforcing the flange as
given in Table 6.2 of EC3-6 for various locations of a wheel. Wheels shown in Figure 4.
close to a free end have a lower effective length; wheels adjacent
to a ‘welded closer plate’ (a full depth end plate) have a higher
effective length and consequently a greater resistance.
Designers should note that the resistance is based on the
l t2
plastic modulus, eff f , which means that a check of the flange at
4
SLS is also necessary. The influence of the direct stress is seen
[ ( )]
2
σ f,Ed
in the reduction factor 1 - , where σf,ed is the
fy / γM0 tf
tensile stress at the midline of the flange. The reduction may be
tf
considerable, but because runway beams are subject to relatively b =b
onerous deflection limits (which may dominate the design),
the bending stress may be lower than usually found in ordinary Figure 4: Reinforced beam end
beams.
transverse stresses at three locations in the flange, as shown in where σx,Ed,ser = σglobal,x,Ed,ser + σox,Ed,ser
Figure 3 and σy,Ed,ser = σglobal,y,Ed,ser + σoy,Ed,ser
26
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February 2015 25
Advisory Desk
AD 386
Clarification of notch dimensions
and shear resistances in SCI P358
(Green Book on Simple Joints)
On page T-4 of SCI P358[1], Table G.1 Note 4 states Greater of 50 mm Greater of 50 mm
that for double notched beams, the remaining and clearance n and clearance n
depth of web is taken as the end plate length.
This is misleading and provides no information Single Double
on single notched beams. This AD explains what notch notch
Greater of 50 mm
notch dimensions were assumed and how the and clearance n
quoted shear resistances were calculated for For 406 × 178 and larger
single and double notched beam.
25 mm
For 406 × 140 and smaller
Notch dimensions
Notch dimensions in the Green Book
For single notched beams, the notch depth was
taken as the larger of 50 mm or the clearance n as
given in SCI P363[2] (Blue Book). For most beams maximum notch length was zero, or some small the guidance given above) the remaining depth
therefore, the notch aligns with the top of the end dimension which had no practical benefit. In of web is less than the depth of the end plate.
plate, set 50 mm below the top of the beam. For these cases, a reasonable notch length was set In these cases the resistance of a non-standard
large beams, where the thickness of the flange as 100 mm and the resistance back-calculated connection will have to be determined by
plus root is greater than 50 mm, it is assumed that (using an iterative process) for this geometry. calculation.
the end plate is lowered to clear the root, and the In this process, the applied shear was increased In many cases, the dimensions of the
notch depth is correspondingly increased. until the applied moment at the notch equalled supporting beam may dictate the size of the
For doubly notched beams, the upper notch the moment resistance. An iterative process was notch. In these cases the resistance will have to
follows the rules given above for single notches. required as the moment resistance is reduced in be determined by calculation.
The lower notch similarly follows these rules for the presence of high shear; the reduction varies
large and medium sized beams. For 406 × 140 and with the applied shear. References:
smaller, the lower notch depth is simply taken as In the resistance tables, if the maximum [1] SCI P358 Joints in Steel Construction: Simple
25 mm. The rules are given in the figure above. length is quoted as 100 mm, it will be associated Joints to Eurocode 3. (2014)
with a reduced shear resistance, indicating [2] SCI P363 Steel Building Design: Design Data.
Calculation of shear resistance that the process above has been followed. For (Updated 2013).
When compiling the resistance tables (Tables lengths longer than 100 mm, the resistance will
G.4 & G.5), the first step was to determine be that for an un-notched beam. Occasionally
the maximum notch length which could for double notched beams, where ‘N/A’ is shown Contact: David Brown
accommodate the shear resistance quoted for in the shear resistance column, it indicates that Tel: 01344 636525
the beam without a notch. In many cases, the after the notches have been removed (following Email: advisory@steel-sci.com
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26 February 2015