Changes in ACI 318M-19

Changes from ACI 318M-14 to ACI 318M-19
CHAPTER 2 - NOTATION AND TERMINOLOGY
2.3—Terminology
New definitions are added
Mahmoud El-Kateb, Ph.D. 1

CHAPTER 4 - STRUCTURAL SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
4.4.6.7 Design verification using nonlinear response history analysis; new clause
Design verification of earthquake-resistant concrete structures using nonlinear response history analysis shall be in
accordance with Appendix A.

CHAPTER 7 - ONE-WAY SLABS
7.6.1.1 Minimum flexural reinforcement in nonprestressed slabs

A minimum area of flexural reinforcement, As,min, of 0.0018Ag shall be provided.
(Also applicable for two-way slabs); clause 8.6.1.1
Old table of ACI 318-14
7.7.7 Structural integrity reinforcement in cast-in-place one-way slabs; new section

CHAPTER 8 - TWO-WAY SLABS
8.5.4.2 (d) If an opening is located closer than 4h from the periphery of a column, concentrated load or reaction area,
22.6.4.3 shall be satisfied. 10h in ACI 318-14

CHAPTER 8 - TWO-WAY SLABS
8.6.1.2 Minimum flexural reinforcement in nonprestressed slabs; new clause

CHAPTER 9 - BEAMS
9.6.1.2 Minimum flexural reinforcement in nonprestressed beams

As,min shall be the larger of (a) and (b), except as provided in 9.6.1.3. For a statically determinate beam with a flange in
tension, the value of bw shall be the smaller of bf and 2bw. The value of fy shall be limited to a maximum of 550 MPa.
9.6.3.1 Minimum flexural reinforcement in nonprestressed beams

For nonprestressed beams, minimum area of shear reinforcement, Av,min, shall be provided in all regions where Vu >
0.083ϕλ√fcbwd except for the cases in Table 9.6.3.1. For these cases, at least Av,min shall be provided where Vu > ϕVc.
0.5ϕVc in ACI 318-14

CHAPTER 9 - BEAMS
9.7.1.4 Reinforcement detailing in beams; new clause

Along development and lap splice lengths of longitudinal bars with fy ≥ 550 MPa, transverse reinforcement shall be
provided such that Ktr shall not be smaller than 0.5db.
9.7.6.2.2 Maximum spacing of legs of shear reinforcement

Maximum spacing of legs of shear reinforcement along the length of the member and across the width of the member shall
be in accordance with Table 9.7.6.2.2.

CHAPTER 10 - COLUMNS
10.7.1.3 Reinforcement detailing in columns; new clause

Along development and lap splice lengths of longitudinal bars with fy ≥ 550 MPa, transverse reinforcement shall be
provided such that Ktr shall not be smaller than 0.5db.
10.7.6.1.6 Pedestal transverse reinforcement around mechanical couplers; new clause

If mechanical couplers or extended bars for connection to a precast element are placed in the ends of columns or
pedestals, the mechanical couplers or extended bars shall be enclosed by transverse reinforcement. The transverse
reinforcement shall be distributed within 125 mm of the ends of the column or pedestal and shall consist of at least two
No. 13 or three No. 10 ties or hoops.

CHAPTER 11 - WALLS
11.2.4.2 Intersecting concrete between wall and floor; new clause

For cast-in-place walls having Pu > 0.2fc′Ag, the portion of the wall within the thickness of the floor system shall have
specified compressive strength at least 0.8fc′ of the wall.
11.6.1 Minimum longitudinal and transverse reinforcement of walls

Vu ≤ 0.5ϕVc in ACI 318-14

CHAPTER 13 - FOUNDATIONS
13.2.6.2 Neglecting size effect factor in foundations; new clause

For one-way shallow foundations, two-way isolated footings, or two-way combined footings and mat foundations, it is
permissible to neglect the size effect factor specified in 22.5 for one-way shear strength and 22.6 for two-way shear
strength.
13.3.6 Wall components of cantilever retaining walls; new section

13.3.6.1 The stem of a cantilever retaining wall shall be designed as a one-way slab in accordance with the applicable
provisions of Chapter 7.
13.3.6.2 The stem of a counterfort or buttressed cantilever retaining wall shall be designed as a two-way slab in
accordance with the applicable provisions of Chapter 8.
13.3.6.3 For walls of uniform thickness, the critical section for shear and flexure shall be at the interface between the
stem and the footing. For walls with a tapered or varied thickness, shear and moment shall be investigated throughout
the height of the wall.

CHAPTER 13 - FOUNDATIONS
13.4.2 Allowable axial strength; new section
13.4.3 Strength design; new section
13.4.4 Cast-in-place deep foundations; new section
13.4.5 Precast concrete piles; new section

CHAPTER 15 - BEAM-COLUMN AND SLAB-COLUMN JOINTS
Modified chapter

CHAPTER 17 - ANCHORING TO CONCRETE
Scope is extended to include:

• Post-installed screw anchors that meet the assessment criteria of ACI 355.2.
• Attachments with shear lugs.

CHAPTER 18 - EARTHQUAKE-RESISTANT STRUCTURES
Modified chapter
Modifications have been made to:
• Beams of Intermediate moment frames
• Joints of Intermediate moment frames
• Intermediate moment frames Two-way slabs without beams
• Beams of special moment frames; Longitudinal reinforcement, Transverse reinforcement and Shear strength
• Columns of special moment frames; Minimum flexural strength of columns, Longitudinal and Transverse reinforcement
• Joints of special moment frames
• Special structural walls

CHAPTER 19 - DESIGN AND DURABILITY REQUIREMENTS
19.2.1 Specified compressive strength 19.2.4 Lightweight concrete

CHAPTER 19 - DESIGN AND DURABILITY REQUIREMENTS
19.3.1 Exposure categories and classes 19.3.2 Requirements for concrete mixtures

CHAPTER 20 - STEEL REINFORCEMENT PROPERTIES
20.2.2.4 Types of nonprestressed bars and wires to be specified for

particular structural applications
20.5.1.3.4 Specified concrete cover for Deep foundation

CHAPTER 21 - STRENGTH REDUCTION FACTORS
21.2.2 Strength reduction factor for moment, axial force, or combined moment and axial force
ACI 318-14
CHAPTER 22 - SECTIONAL STRENGTH
22.4.2 Maximum axial compressive strength

Po is calculated by Eq. (22.4.2.2) for nonprestressed members. The value of fy shall be limited to a maximum of 550 MPa.
22.5.1.10 The interaction of shear forces acting along orthogonal axes; new clause
The interaction of shear forces acting along orthogonal axes shall be permitted to be neglected if (a) or (b) is satisfied.

22.5.2 Geometric assumptions for circular section in shear; new clause

bw equal to twice the wall thickness for hollow circular sections.
22.5.5 Vc for nonprestressed members
ACI 318-14
22.6.5.2 Two-way shear strength provided by concrete without shear reinforcement
ACI 318-14

22.6.6.1 Two-way shear strength provided by concrete with shear reinforcement
ACI 318-14
22.7.6.1 Torsional strength
ACI 318-14

CHAPTER 23 - STRUT-AND-TIE METHOD
Modified chapter
Modifications have been made to:
• Strength of struts
• Strength of ties
• Strength of nodal zones
• Tie reinforcement detailing
• Earthquake-resistant design

CHAPTER 24 - SERVICEABILITY
24.2.3.5 Calculation of effective moment of inertia
ACI 318-14
24.4 Shrinkage and temperature reinforcement

24.4.3.2 The ratio of deformed shrinkage and temperature reinforcement
area to gross concrete area shall be greater than or equal to 0.0018.
Mahmoud El-Kateb, Ph.D. ACI 318-14 25

CHAPTER 25 - REINFORCEMENT DETAILS
25.4.2 Development of deformed bars and deformed wires in tension
ACI 318-14

25.4.2.5 Modification factors for development of deformed bars
ACI 318-14

25.4.3 Development of standard hooks in tension; modified section
25.4.4 Development of headed deformed bars in tension; modified section
25.5.1.5 Transverse reinforcement in splices; new clause

For bars with fy ≥ 550 MPa spaced closer than 150 mm on center, transverse reinforcement shall be provided such that
Ktr shall not be smaller than 0.5db.
25.5.5 Lap splice lengths of deformed bars in compression

Compression lap splice length ℓsc of No. 36 or smaller deformed bars in compression shall be calculated in accordance
with (a), (b), or (c):
a) For fy ≤ 420 MPa: ℓsc is the longer of 0.071fydb and 300 mm.
b) For 420 MPa < fy ≤ 550 MPa: ℓsc is the longer of (0.13fy – 24)db and 300 mm.
c) For fy > 550 MPa, ℓsc is the longer of (0.13fy – 24)db and ℓst calculated in accordance with 25.5.2.1.
For fc′ < 21 MPa, the length of lap shall be increased by one-third.

25.7.3.3 Volumetric spiral reinforcement ratio
ACI 318-14

CHAPTER 26 - CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS AND INSPECTION
Modified chapter

CHAPTER 27 - STRENGTH EVALUATION OF EXISTING STRUCTURES
Modified chapter

Changes in ACI 318M-19

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Changes from ACI 318M-14 to ACI 318M-19

CHAPTER 2 - NOTATION AND TERMINOLOGY

Mahmoud El-Kateb, Ph.D. 1

Mahmoud El-Kateb, Ph.D. 2

7.6.1.1 Minimum flexural reinforcement in nonprestressed slabs

Old table of ACI 318-14

7.7.7 Structural integrity reinforcement in cast-in-place one-way slabs; new section

Mahmoud El-Kateb, Ph.D. 3

Mahmoud El-Kateb, Ph.D. 4

8.6.1.2 Minimum flexural reinforcement in nonprestressed slabs; new clause

Mahmoud El-Kateb, Ph.D. 5

9.6.1.2 Minimum flexural reinforcement in nonprestressed beams

9.6.3.1 Minimum flexural reinforcement in nonprestressed beams

Mahmoud El-Kateb, Ph.D. 6

9.7.1.4 Reinforcement detailing in beams; new clause

9.7.6.2.2 Maximum spacing of legs of shear reinforcement

Mahmoud El-Kateb, Ph.D. 7

10.7.1.3 Reinforcement detailing in columns; new clause

10.7.6.1.6 Pedestal transverse reinforcement around mechanical couplers; new clause

Mahmoud El-Kateb, Ph.D. 8

11.2.4.2 Intersecting concrete between wall and floor; new clause

11.6.1 Minimum longitudinal and transverse reinforcement of walls

Mahmoud El-Kateb, Ph.D. 9

13.2.6.2 Neglecting size effect factor in foundations; new clause

13.3.6 Wall components of cantilever retaining walls; new section

Mahmoud El-Kateb, Ph.D. 10

13.4.2 Allowable axial strength; new section

13.4.3 Strength design; new section

13.4.4 Cast-in-place deep foundations; new section

13.4.5 Precast concrete piles; new section

Mahmoud El-Kateb, Ph.D. 11

Mahmoud El-Kateb, Ph.D. 12

Scope is extended to include:

Mahmoud El-Kateb, Ph.D. 13

• Beams of Intermediate moment frames

• Joints of Intermediate moment frames

• Intermediate moment frames Two-way slabs without beams

• Joints of special moment frames

• Special structural walls

Mahmoud El-Kateb, Ph.D. 14

19.2.1 Specified compressive strength 19.2.4 Lightweight concrete

Mahmoud El-Kateb, Ph.D. 15

Mahmoud El-Kateb, Ph.D. 16

20.2.2.4 Types of nonprestressed bars and wires to be specified for

20.5.1.3.4 Specified concrete cover for Deep foundation

Mahmoud El-Kateb, Ph.D. 17

22.4.2 Maximum axial compressive strength

Mahmoud El-Kateb, Ph.D. 19

22.5.2 Geometric assumptions for circular section in shear; new clause

22.5.5 Vc for nonprestressed members

22.6.5.2 Two-way shear strength provided by concrete without shear reinforcement

Mahmoud El-Kateb, Ph.D. 21

22.6.6.1 Two-way shear strength provided by concrete with shear reinforcement

22.7.6.1 Torsional strength

Mahmoud El-Kateb, Ph.D. 23

• Strength of nodal zones

• Tie reinforcement detailing

Mahmoud El-Kateb, Ph.D. 24

24.4 Shrinkage and temperature reinforcement

Mahmoud El-Kateb, Ph.D. ACI 318-14 25

25.4.2 Development of deformed bars and deformed wires in tension

Mahmoud El-Kateb, Ph.D. 26

25.4.2.5 Modification factors for development of deformed bars

Mahmoud El-Kateb, Ph.D. 27