Acid rain is rain that is highly acidic because of sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and other air

pollutants dissolved in it. Normal rain is slightly acidic, with a pH of 6. Acid rain may have a pH value

as low as 2.8.

Acid rain can severely damage both plant and animal life. Certain lakes, for example, have lost all

fish and plant life because of acid rain.

Acid rain comes from sulphur in coal and oil. When they burn, they make sulphur dioxide (SO2).

Most sulphur leaves factory chimneys as the gaseous sulphur dioxide (SO2) and most nitrogen is also

emitted as one of the nitrogen oxides (NO or NO2), both of which are gases. The gases may be dry

deposited—absorbed directly by the land, by lakes or by the surface vegetation. If they are in the

atmosphere for any time, the gases will oxidise (gain an oxygen atom) and go into solution as acids.

Sulphuric acid (H2 SO4) and the nitrogen oxides will become nitric acid (HNO3). The acids usually

dissolve in cloud droplets and may travel great distances before being precipitated as acid rain.

Catalysts such as hydrogen peroxide, ozone and ammoriium help promote the formation of acids in

clouds. More ammonium (NH4) can be formed when some of the acids are partially neutralised by

airborne ammonia (NH3). Acidication increases with the number of active hydrogen (H+) ions

dissolved in acid. Hydrocarbons emitted by for example, car exhausts will react in sunlight with

nitrogen oxides to produce ozone. Although it is invaluable in the atmosphere, low level ozone causes

respiratory problems and also hastens the formation of acid rain. When acid rain falls on the ground it

dissolves and liberates heavy metals and aluminium (Al). When it is washed into lakes, aluminium

irritates the outer surfaces of many fish. As acid rain falls or drains into the lake the pH of the lake

falls. Forests suffer the effect of acid rain through damage to leaves, tlrough the loss of vital

nutrients, and through the increased amounts of toxic metals liberated by acid, which damage roots

and soil micro organisms.

54. Acid rain can severely damage both plant and animal life. The bold word has the closest

meaning to...

A. harm D. produce

B. hang E. develop

C. endow
55. The main purpose of the writer is?

A. To report the acid rain in general

B. To explain the process of acid rain.

C. To persuade the reader to prevent acid rain.

D. To discuss the danger of acid rain in the air.

E. To present two different opinion on acid rain process.

PASSAGE 2

Most people agree that some form of family limitation or spacing is desirable for the good of the

family and society. But individuals and groups— especially religious groups—differ sharply on the

methods of birth control that they consider moral and acceptable.

Couples that practice birth control do so for various reasons. They may want to limit or space their

children, or to have no children at all. Young couples often postpone having children so that both

partners can work full-time. Other couples space their children so they can give each child as much

attention as possible. Some women are advised by their doctors to avoid pregnancy for health

reasons. In many countries with rapidly growing populations, the government encourages couples to

limit the size of their families.

Even though birth control has gained in acceptance, opposition to the practice is continuous.

Some people fear that birth control encourages sexual relations outside marriage or that government

might impose birth control. Some religious groups oppose birth control on moral grounds.

Some religious groups teach that artificial methods of birth control are immoral because they

separate the two purposes of intercourse in marriage—conjugal love and the procreation of children.

Although they oppose all artificial birth control, they consider natural family planning acceptable.

56. The issue of the text is....

A. government’s population program D. birth control

B. family planning programs E. sex control

C. family limitation
57. Young couples often postpone having children ... (par.2) The bold word means....

A. suspect D. direct

B. suspend E. recall

C. respect

58. From the text, we can conclude that...

A. everyone doesn’t agree to family limitation

B. the government doesn’t support birth control

C. the religious group agree of using artificial contraception

D. some women must not pregnant because of health reason

E. young couples don’t want to have many children because they are very busy

PASSAGE 3

Undead, unwed and I also wish I could say unread! Okay so here I think I have finally sunk to the

bottom of the barrel to try to catch up and complete my challenge. I do have a bit of a thing for

vampire novels! And that said I bought three different first in the series, to see if it would help me

catch up and bring me back to target.

Seriously, this was one of the trashiest novels I have ever read! it was OK and fun, but I feel like

a complete fraud and fake adding this to the list of books I’ve read this year! But I did nevertheless

read it! So it’s gonna be added.

Maybe one day when I’ve forgotten how bad this book was and just how trashy, I’ll read a few

more in the series! But seriously guys I wouldn’t recommend it!

59. In general, the writer...

A. suggested the readers to buy the novel

B. recommended the readers to read the novel

C. didn’t recommend the readers to read the novel

D. didn’t recommend the readers to review the novel

E. suggested to collect the first three different series

60. But seriously guys I wouldn’t recommend it! (par.3) The sentence means....

A. the reader shouldn’t recommend him to be serious

B. the writer didn’t oppose the idea of the novel

C. the writer recommended to read the novel

D. the writer recommended to read seriously

E. the writer didn’t suggest to read the novel

Asthma is mainly triggered by some allergies in which our immune system produces excess
immunoglobulin that causes swelling of the airways and hence, difficulty in breathing. In such cases,
precautions should be taken from the factors that trigger asthma attacks. Few studies have shown
positive results on patients who eat omega-3 fatty acid or fish oil containing food items on a regular
basis. There is a considerable amount of ease in breathing and also they are less sensitive to the
allergens that cause asthma than the people who don't include fatty fish oil in their diet.

The omega-3 fatty acid or fish oil helps in reduction of excess immunoglobulin antibodies that
cause inflammation of the airways, leading to an asthma attack. Several researches have been
conducted to find out the links between fish oil and asthma, and mostly the results were on the positive
side. Our body naturally responds to fish oil supplements and helps in controlling the symptoms of
asthma. But the results aren't the same with people who are over weight. Some researches also
concluded that fish oil doesn't respond in a positive manner with obese asthma patients.

There isn’t any magical cure to asthma, you need to regularly conduct your medical tests to
keep the disease in control. But having said that, making a few changes in your diet won’t cause any
harm to your health right? You can include some fatty fish like salmon, trout, tuna in your daily diet for
your regular dose of fish oil content in the body. If you aren’t a fish person then you can opt for fish oil
supplements available in the market after consulting your doctor. Also, omega-3 fatty acids are said to
be really beneficial for people with chronic lung diseases, therefore include flax seeds, avocados,
walnuts, pumpkin seeds etc. These food items will not only take care of your asthma but also ensure
that you have a strong metabolism and immune system.

13. What is the author’s objective in writing this text?

a. To tell the benefits of consuming fish oil.

b. To describe the causes of asthma.

c. To explain how fish oil can prevent asthma.

d. To explain how fish oil can clean out excess fat in

obese patients.

e. To tell how immunoglobulin can harm our body.

14. How does fish oil work in preventing asthma?

a. Fish oil heals inflammation that occurs inside human

lung.
b. Fish oil controls allergens that cause asthma.

c. Fish oil protects obese patients’ lung from fat.

d. Fish oil protects human metabolism and immune

system.

e. Fish oil prevents the human body from responding

allergens that cause asthma.

15. What will happen to our lung if our body produce too

much immunoglobulin?

a. Our lung will be attacked by several chronic

diseases.

b. Our lung will have additional protection from the

immunoglobulin antibodies.

c. Our lung will experience airways inflammatory.

d. Our lung will be full of immunoglobulins.

e. Our lung will lose its capability to prevent allergens.

16. Which type of patient that shouldn’t include fish oil to their

daily diet?

a. Patients who have chronic lung diseases.

b. Patients who are seriously obese.

c. Patients who have difficulty in breathing.

d. Patients who have too much immunoglobulin

antibodies.

e. Patients who are sensitive toward allergens.

Text for question 17-20

Low-carb diet and low-cal diet: There are slight differences in the way the two diets work. Here
are some differences between the two that may help you to discover which diet suits best for you.

Low carb dieters completely eliminate carbohydrate like bread, rice, high starch vegetables, and
fruit from the diet. As a result, low carb diets are usually high in protein, fewer starchy vegetables and
fat. The main purpose of low carb diet is controlling blood sugar levels and help your body produce less
insulin. As a result, fat will burn to generate energy and ultimately, help in weight loss.

A low-calorie diet is the perfect diet for those who are trying to lose weight and get healthier.
Since this only restricts the amount of calories you consume daily and you can eat whatever you want.
You just have to make sure that you don’t exceed your daily recommended calorie intake. Some calorie-
counting diets focus only on calories where you can eat whatever you want. But when you are counting
on calories, itis more important to make sure that every bite you consume should be healthy and
nutritious. Fill your daily calories with lean protein, vegetables, beans, whole grains, fruits, nuts and fat-
free dairy products. Avoid sugar-sweetened candy, baked goods, desserts, sweets and beverages. In
low-carb diet, one can consume fish, poultry, meat, nuts, fruits, legumes, eggs, fats, oils and non-starchy
vegetables. At least 12 to 15 grams of net carbs daily should come directly from vegetables. Cold cuts
and cured meats should be avoided.

In conclusion, both diets will lead to different results. Low carb diet is recommended for those
who want to control the rise of blood sugar and insulin. Meanwhile, low calorie diet is a great choice for
those who want to lose weight. Therefore, you should choose wisely in order to bring the best result to
your body.

17. What is the main idea of the text?

a. The benefit of low-calorie diet.

b. Why low-carb diet is much better than low-calorie

diet.

c. The importance of doing low-calorie and low-carb

diet.

d. What distinguishes low-carb diet from low-calorie

diet.

e. Tips on how to lose weight by doing two kinds of diet.

18. Based on the text, what is the most expected result from

doing low-calorie diet?

a. Detoxification in several inner organs.

b. Decreased level of blood sugar.

c. Gradual weight loss.

d. Improving heart activity.

e. Decreased level of cholesterol.

19. What should we consume in order to get the best result

from low-carb diet?

a. Fish and starchy vegetables.

b. Small amount of rice and low-starch vegetables.

c. Fish and chips.

d. Whole-grain bread and apples.

e. Salmon and low-starch vegetables.

20. From the text, we can imply that ...

a. The only suitable protein for low-carb diet is fish.

b. Eliminating daily recommended calorie intake in low-

calorie diet is a false move.

c. Fruit is a recommended choice in both types of diet.

d. Doing low-carb diet doesn’t help us in losing weight.

e. Reducing sugar consumption from two teaspoons to

one teaspoon each day is recommended in low-

calorie diet.