CSP Exam Essential Practice Questions

CSP EXAM ESSENTIAL PRACTICE, 2020 Farcas, Hammond & Cena
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CSP EXAM ESSENTIAL PRACTICE

SIMPLY AND THOROUGHLY EXPLAINED
By
Dr. Daniel Farcas, CIH, CSP, CHMM

Damien Hammond, MS, CIH, CSP
Dr. Lorenzo Cena, MS, PhD
2020
Copyright Daniel Farcas, 2020

www.DanielFarcas.com
ISBN: 9798675927364
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Also available:
CSP EXAM Equations simply CIH EXAM Equations simply

explained and with examples explained and with examples
CIH EXAM ESSENTIAL PRACTICE

SIMPLY AND THOROUGHLY EXPLAINED
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Dr. Daniel Farcas has more than 20 years of experience in

conducting scientific research and leading production teams in a
variety of fields, including public health, infection control,
nanotechnology, microbiology, silica, and asbestos. He is author or
co-author of numerous scientific manuscripts in peer-reviewed
journals. His research interest are erionite, an emerging naturally-
occurring carcinogen that, through continued and frequent exposure
can lead to mesothelioma and firefighters' exposure to Methicillin-
resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) through turnout gear or
personal protective equipment (PPE) vectors. Dr. Daniel Farcas is a Certified Industrial
Hygienist (CIH) CP #11723, a Certified Safety Professional (CSP) #36048, and a Certified
Hazardous Materials Manager (CHMM) #24712.
Mr. Damien Hammond SR, President of Windjammer

Environmental, has over 20 years of experience in providing
industrial hygiene, environmental, and occupational health and
safety services. His educational accomplishments include a
Bachelor of Science in Biology from the University of the District of
Columbia and a Master of Science in Environmental Sciences and
Public Policy from George Mason University. He has served as the
President of the American Industrial Hygiene Association (Potomac
Section), a professional organization with roughly one thousand
members in the Washington DC metropolitan area. As President of AIHA (Potomac), Mr.
Hammond was responsible for developing practices, which helped promote increased
member participation within the organization. Since becoming a Board-Certified Industrial
Hygienist and Certified Safety Professional, Mr. Hammond has grown Windjammer’s
technical capabilities and expanded its national presence with operations in five states.
Windjammer’s commitment to excellence serving clients such as the US Department of
State, The US Coast Guard, DuPont Personal Protection, and many others have earned
the distinction of being selected as one of the Emerging Businesses of 2017 by the US
Small Business Administration.
Dr. Lorenzo Cena is an aerosol scientist and industrial hygienist with

expertise in occupational and environmental health. He has
extensive experience in the control and assessment of occupational
hazards associated with exposures to aerosols and nanoparticles.
Before joining the faculty of West Chester University, Dr. Cena has
worked for five years for the Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) in the National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health (NIOSH). He has published several articles on workplace
exposures, particle characterization, toxicology, exposure
assessment, and analytical methods, and has presented his work at national and
international conferences. Dr. Cena is also the co-inventor of a personal sampler for
nanoparticles.
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“The CSP Exam - Essential Practice by Farcas, Hammond, and Cena is, as the name
implies, an essential set of questions in Occupational Safety. This book is well laid out in
19 sections. It draws the reader in, which certainly assists with their increased retention
of the amount of material that has to be covered. The questions are well introduced with
a short narrative before the introduction of the pertinent equations and solution to the over
600 example essential questions. The book serves not only as a formidable preparation
for the CIH exam but a good review of basic principles, a reference for many of the day-
to-day technical issues confronting the practicing worker’s safety and a guide for raising
awareness of potential problems for which alert action is required. The authors bring a
breadth of experience and insight into the issues handled in the text. They bring context
to the basic principles to be highlighted by the examples of the questions and their
solutions. CSP Exam - Essential Practice should be a must-have text for everyone in
the field.”
Michael McCawley, Ph.D., West Virginia University.
The authors would like to thank the following reviewers for their insightful comments and
efforts towards improving this book:
Michael McCawley, Ph.D., West Virginia University.
Khachatur Sarkisian, M.S., National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
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Content
Code of Ethics……………….………………………..7
Safety Management………………………………….9
Electricity…………………………………………….24
Sound..………………………………..………………27
Vibrations...…...……………………………………50
Ergonomics……………………………………….…52
Thermal Stressors……………………………….…57
Toxicology……………..………………….…………64
Personal Protective Equipment……………..….101
Biostatistics……..………………………………..109
Epidemiology……………………………………....116
Radiation………….……………………………..….118
Hazardous Materials Management…………..…132
Sampling……………………………………..…….134
Immediately Dangerous Situations...................143
Biosafety...………………………………………….152
Ventilation……………………………………..…...162
Community Exposure…………………….………174
Working Environment…………………………….180
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Safety Professionals
CODE OF ETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT
1. Hold paramount the safety and health of people, the protection of the environment
and protection of property in the performance of professional duties and exercise
their obligation to advise employers, clients, employees, the public, and appropriate
authorities of danger and unacceptable risks to people, the environment, or property.
2. Be honest, fair, and impartial; act with responsibility and integrity. Adhere to high
standards of ethical conduct with balanced care for the interests of the public,
employers, clients, employees, colleagues and the profession. Avoid all conduct or
practice that is likely to discredit the profession or deceive the public.
3. Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner and only when
founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matter.
4. Undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the

specific technical fields involved. Accept responsibility for their continued
professional development by acquiring and maintaining competence through
continuing education, experience and professional training.
5. Avoid deceptive acts that falsify or misrepresent their academic or professional

qualifications. Not misrepresent or exaggerate their degree of responsibility in or for
the subject matter of prior assignments. Presentations incident to the solicitation of
employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers,
employees, associates, or past accomplishments with the intent and purpose of
enhancing their qualifications and their work.
6. Conduct their professional relations by the highest standards of integrity and avoid
compromise of their professional judgment by conflicts of interest.
7. Act in a manner free of bias with regard to religion, ethnicity, gender, age, national
origin, sexual orientation, or disability.
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8. Seek opportunities to be of constructive service in civic affairs and work for the
advancement of the safety, health and well-being of their community and their
profession by sharing their knowledge and skills.
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Safety Management
1. What is safety? Safety is the state of being "safe" or relatively free from
harm or other non-desirable outcomes. Safety means the control of
recognized hazards in order to minimize risk. Management is ultimately
responsible for safety. The safety professional’s duty is to advise
management.
Example: A wet floor is a slip and fall hazard (because we cannot say if the
unaware slip victim will die, end up with a broken bone or just be bruised).
By placing “wet floor warning” signs the risk of falling is reduced or by
blocking access to the wet area the risk is lowered even more and the area
becomes safe.
2. What is risk? Risk is the possibility of loss, injury or other undesirable

outcomes with respect to humans’ values like health, well-being, wealth,
property or the environment. Probability is the likelihood that the risk will
occur. “Zero Risk” does not exist!
Note: The probability of a fatality or getting an occupational disease is

measurable for a population but is not measurable for an individual worker
although it may be predictable.
3. What are the different types of risk? There are 4 types:
A. Risk-avoidance is when the business decides not to produce high-risk

products or enter uncertain markets.
B. Risk-retention is when the business chooses to self-insure (does not

take out any third-party insurance).
C. Risk-transfer is when the company decides to buy insurance.
D. Risk-reduction and control is the primary goal of the safety professional

and Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) department.
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4. What is Risk Assessment and Hazard Analysis? Risk assessment

is the process of estimating the probability of injury from a hazard. Hazard
analysis only identifies the potential hazards that exist without putting a value
on the risk associated with the potential hazards.
Risk = Hazard’s severity X Probability of exposure to the hazard
Note: In a risk assessment process, we are trying to minimize the risk by

reducing the hazard likelihood (like using hoods, protective cream barriers,
developing safe procedures for hazard handling or using personal protective
equipment).
5. Why should we use redundancy in hazard control? To reduce the

probability that the hazard will occur.
6. What is the difference between abatement and mitigation?

Abatement, in safety, means to put an end to something that is finite in
quantity, whereas mitigation means to lessen a hazard that can keep
developing in certain conditions, like mold growth, if not repressed. Lead-
based paint hazards are eliminated from a house through abatement, but
radon in a home can only be mitigated and lessened to the global outdoor
radon level.
7. What is the leading cause of work-related deaths in the U.S.?

Motor vehicle crashes are the #1 cause of occupational fatalities.
Note: The major regulatory agencies for fleet safety are the Department of
Transportation (DOT) for traveling on public roads & highways and the
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) for loading and
unloading trucks.
8. What is OSHA’s Recordable Incident Rate or Total Case Incident

Rate (TCIR)? OSHA’s Recordable Incident Rate is a metric calculated by
multiplying 200,000 with the number of recordable cases and dividing by the
number of labor hours of the company. Why 200,000? Because 200,000
represents 100 employees working 50 weeks at 40-hour per week. OSHA’s
300 log and 300A Summary have the information needed to find the rate of
recordable injuries.
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Example: What is the TCIR rate for a company with 400,000 worked hours
and 2 recordable incidents?
200,000 ∗ 2
TCIR = =1
400,000
Note: On average, 15 workers die every day from job injuries and over
5,600 Americans die from workplace injuries annually.
9. What are Douglas McGregor’s three management theories?
Theory X presumes that employees detest work and must be pressured,

monitored, and pushed toward organizational goals with rewards and
punishments.
Theory Y presumes that employees are delighted to work, motivation is

inherent, and the workers are self-controlled and self-directed.
Theory Z is focused on employee’s long-term job security, collaborative

decision making, emotional well-being to foster employee loyalty and
dedication.
10. What are Herzberg “Motivation” Hygiene Theory factors?
A. Hygiene factors, or extrinsic motivators, like salary, status,

challenging work, and benefits.
B. Motivation factor, intrinsic motivators, like achievement, promotion,

recognition, and responsibility.
11. What are the 4 types of torts (wrongful acts or an infringement of

rights)?
• Trespass is committed when an object or a person intentionally enters

a property without permission.
• Nuisance is unreasonable interference with enjoyment of property.
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• Negligence is failure to exercise reasonable care and is the most

preventable type of tort.
• Strict Liability is legal responsibility for consequences although there

was no criminal intention.
12. What are the 3 forms of product liability?
A. Warranty may be express or implied. Express warranty is an oral or

written statement to provide repairs or a replacement within a specified
period. Implied warranty is an assumption that the product or service is
guaranteed to work if used for its intended purpose, e.g., the pizza you order
is edible.
B. Negligence is when someone or someone's property is harmed due

to failure to exercise proper care, like an employee that fails to put up the
“Wet Floor” warning sign after mopping.
Note: Contributary negligence is when the hurt person contributed somehow

to the injuries, like looking at their phones instead of where they are going.
C. Strict Liability is legal responsibility for the outcomes in the absence

of fault or criminal intent, like the spill and release of transported dangerous
chemicals that may cause personal injury or environmental damages.
13. What are ISO 9001, ISO 14000, ISO 45001 and OSHAS 18000?
ISO stands for the International Organization for Standardization.
The ISO 9000 is a set of quality management systems (QMS) that outlines
a framework that guarantees internationally recognized standards for
product and service providers.
The ISO 14000 is a set of environmental management standards that help

companies minimize their negative environmental impact, comply with laws
and regulations, and reduce industrial waste.
The ISO 45001 is a set of standards that stipulates the requirements for the
international standard for occupational health and safety (OH&S)
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management system. ISO 45001 concentrates on preventing illness, injury,

and death in the working environment while proactively improving the OH&S
performance. ISO 45001 draws from OHSAS 18000.
OHSAS stands for the Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series.
The OSHAS 18001 is an international OH&S management system (based

on the British Standard BS 8800) specification that covers issues like hazard
identification and risk assessment & control. Most companies are currently
transitioning from OHSAS 18001 to ISO 45001.
14. What is ANSI/ASSP Z10? The ANSI/ASSP Z10 standard helps

organizations holistically view reciprocal core elements and establish well
thought OH&S managing systems that improve employee safety, lessen
workplace risks and build better working environments.
ANSI stands for the American National Standards Institute.
ASSP stands for the American Society of Safety Professionals.
15. What is the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) Cycle? The PDCA Cycle or

Deming Cycle for health and safety issues is a nonstop quality development
pattern that consists of four key phases: Plan, Do, Study, and Act.
Plan: identify the problem and develop a hypothesis (for example inside a
workshop the noise level is at 90 dB due to a noisy machine and we believe
that enclosing the machinery will reduce reflected sound).
Do: test potential solutions (we fully enclose the noisy machine).
Check: study the result and measure the effectiveness (we measure the
sound pressure level in the room with a noise dosimeter and obtain a 60 dB
value).
Act: choose the best solution and implement it (we chose to adopt this
method as the solution).
Note: 60 dB might be still too noisy, and someone suggests adding acoustic
panels on the walls to reduce reverberations, and in this way the cycle is
restarted.
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PDCA Cycle
Note: OSHA's motto is “plan, prevent, and protect.”
16. What is the sequence of the budget process? First identify

projected income & costs, then assign a budget for each department, after
industrial hygiene & safety programs are funded, the safety professional
must monitor expenses and keep within the projected expenditures.
Note: Injuries and illnesses in the workplace are expensive through costs like
workers compensation payments, investigations, training of the replacement
worker, product and line damage, and lower the work environment morale.
For all these reasons, it is better to prevent accidents through a properly
financed safety program than to pay after the injuries or deaths happened.
17. What is Time Value of Money (TVM)? The TVM also referred to as
“present discounted value” is a core principle in finance that holds that money
available now worth more than the same amount in the future due to the
potential earning capacity (not inflation).
18. What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs? Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

is comprised of five hierarchical levels and is one of the best-known theories
of motivation in human beings. Some needs, like physiological and safety,
are more primitive than evolved ones like social and ego. Employers should
strive to meet workers' needs, which will create a highly motivated and happy
environment and are also more likely to be productive. Some employees may
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be motivated by financial safety while others by esteem or just glad to belong

to a community.
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Note: Common triggers that anticipate workplace verbal and physical

aggression are company layoffs, disputes between personnel, unfavorable
performance reviews, substance abuse, personal and social problems.
19. What are the most common accident theories? There are four:
A. Near-Miss Relationship according to recent studies for every reported

serious injury we have 59 minor and 600 near misses (close calls).
B. The Domino Theory asserts that accidents come from a sequence of

successive events, like in a row of dominoes that propagates a chain
reaction. If we remove a key factor such as unsafe acts or conditions,
underlying factors, social environment, or worker with poor conduct we
prevent the start of the chain reaction and therefore the accident.
Note: Unsafe acts include using damaged equipment, unsafe methods, or

neglecting to use PPE. Unsafe conditions are machines without guards,
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defective equipment, or inefficient use of PPE. Underlying factors may be

lack of skill or improper training.
C. Heinrich's axiom proposes that 2% of accidents are just unavoidable,

10% are credited to unsafe conditions, and 88% are credited to unsafe acts.
D. William Haddon Energy Release Theory depicts accidents in terms

of energy transference in large amounts at rapid rates with potential of
causing injury.
20. What is the difference between an incident and an injury? An

incident is an event that has the possibility to end in an injury. An injury is a
form of physical harm to a person resulting from an event. Some incidents
do not include injuries.
21. What is the Pareto Distribution? Named after the Italian economist
Vilfredo Pareto, the Pareto distribution asserts that 20% of causes lead to
80% of effects. This principle in safety management can be translated as:
20% of the workers are responsible for 80% of the incidents and injuries in
the workplace.
22. What is Failure Mode & Effects Analysis (FMEA)? FMEA uses
forward logic (inductive reasoning) that examines causes, failures modes,
and effects. FMEA uses a step-by-step investigation to identify possible
failures in a design, starting at a low level of the process and working its way
to the impact on the major system of subsystems (bottom-up approach).
Failure Mode & Effects Analysis (FMEA)
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23. What is Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)? FTA is a qualitative and

quantitative analysis that searches for the failure path diagram under various
circumstances based on a fault tree. FTA uses the deductive processes of
Boolean logic (true/false statements) to reach lower-level and basic event
malfunctions (top-down approach). Fault tree analysis may identify safety
challenges at design time and allows the user to “see” the complete system
being examined.
Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)
24. What are the laws of learning for working personnel? The most
efficient cognitive learning laws are:
A. Repetition, so reiterate to personnel when necessary.
B. Interest, employees will learn better if they are interested in the

subject area.
C. Importance, workers have high retention for important events.
D. Involvement increases the level of retention, workers will remember

if they are personally involved in the learning process.
25. What is the Incident Command Structure? The Incident Command

System (ICS) was developed to help organize the communication process
during disaster response efforts.
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The Incident Commander manages all aspects of an emergency response

like, assessing the situation, developing the incident objectives, assuring
overall safety, distributing resources, and assigning responsibility for all
persons involved.
Note: The incident commander implements the Incident Action Plan (IPA).
Command Staff
The Public Information Officer disseminates information to the public and

media.
The Safety Officer is responsible for the assessment and monitoring of

hazards and ensures personnel safety during incident operations. The Safety
Officer can immediately stop operations which may cause injury to
emergency personnel.
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Note: CSPs are likely to be designated as Safety Officers in an emergency

response situation.
The Liaison Officer is the point of contact in communications between

organizations and agencies to efficiently coordinate their activities.
General Staff
The Operations Section Chief reports directly to the incident commander

and manages all tactical operations and progress related to the incident.
The Planning Section Chief collects, manages and tracks resources,

analyzes information, and maintains documentation.
The Logistics Section Chief’s duty is to provide the needed resources and
services to support the attainment of the incident objectives.
The Finance Section Chief monitors expenses related to the incident,

provides time recording and administrative services, and cost analyses.
26. What are OSHA forms 300s? OSHA forms 300, 300A & 301 are logs
of recordable injury or illness cases required by the Occupational Safety and
Health Administration (OSHA). An injury or illness needs to meet the
following criteria: result in a worker’s death, days away from the workplace,
restricted work or transfer to other less demanding jobs, medical treatment
beyond first aid, and loss of consciousness. Minor injuries are recorded in
the First Aid log.
Note: Generally, the responsibility for safety within an organization lies with
the line supervisors who are overseeing the employees' immediate work
27. Where should the Hazardous Material Response Team be

positioned during an incident response? Upwind and uphill of the spill!
28. What are the roles of the approved, designated, qualified and
competent personnel?
• AUTHORIZED personnel are approved by the employer to enter a site

to perform a specific job duty.
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• DESIGNATED personnel are assigned by the employer to perform a

specific task at the job site.
• QUALIFIED personnel have degrees, certificates, or professional

standard training to perform specific job duties.
• COMPETENT personnel have the authority to train the workers and

stop production and take prompt corrective measures that will
eliminate existing or foreseeable hazards.
Note: As a CSP you need to be authorized to enter a job site by the employer
and designated to recognize hazards at a specific location providing that you
are qualified for it. You will communicate your findings to the competent
person, who has the power to take corrective measures.
29. All safety training programs should include:
A. Needs Assessment – determine what kind of training is necessary.

B. Lesson Plan – should address the learning needs, include learning
objective and be delivered by a competent person.
C. Program Evaluation – make sure that the training needs were met,
and the workers gain the knowledge and skills (usually assessed through a
quiz).
Note: Record keeping is also important because training needs to be

documented.
30. If you, as a safety professional, are passing through a factory area

that presents an imminent danger, what should you do? Stop the
operation and find a qualified supervisor that can correct the hazard.
Note: Steadily reinforcing positive employee behavior and actions will help
reduce future injuries caused by unsafe employee actions.
31. Which Health and Safety Acts should a CSP should become
familiar with at least the basic requirements?
I. Clean Water Act (CWA)
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II. Clean Air Act (CAA)

III. Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)
IV. Superfund – Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation
and Liability Act (CERCLA)
V. Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)
VI. Hazardous Materials Transportation Act (HMTA)
VII. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
VIII. Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA)
IX. Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
X. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
32. Which Codes of Federal Regulation (CFR) a CSP should become

familiar with at least basic requirements?
I. CFR 10 – Energy
II. CFR 23 – Highways
III. CFR 29 – Labor
IV. CFR 40 – Environment Protection
V. CFR 42 – Public Health
VI. CFR 49 – Transportation
Note: There are 50 titles comprising the CFR, that can be found online by
searching eCFR.
33. What Is a Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, Informed (RACI)

Chart? A RACI chart serves as a visual matrix that identifies attributed tasks
and key roles or/and responsibilities of a project. A RACI chart allocates
decision making, role and responsibilities to each person on a team, while
balancing workload against major tasks within a project. The responsible
person is doing the task, the accountable person is responsible for the total
completion of the task, the consulted person will provide useful information
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for completing the task and the informed people will be kept up to date on
the task completion status.
For example, in the table below, the blueprints are sketched by (responsible)
the architect, the homeowner makes sure the architect designs the house to
his or her liking (accountable), while the project manager is consulted to see
if there are any foreseeable issues and the contractor is informed to prepare
to build the house.
Task / Role Homeowner Architect Manager Contractor

Blueprints A R C I
Budget R A I C
Permits C I R A
Build I C A R
Responsible (R), Accountable (A), Consulted (C), Informed (I)

RACI chart
34. What are disadvantages and advantages of an external safety

audit? The main disadvantage is that it is costly to the organization and that
the auditor is not familiar with the facility and the processes, but the main
advantage is the objectivity of the auditor.
35. What are Employer's vs. Workers' responsibilities?
Employer's responsibilities Workers' responsibilities
• provide workplace free from • comply with the company’s OSH

recognized hazards (general duty) standards, practices, and rules.
and comply with OSHA standards, • wear PPE as trained and directed.
practices, and rules. • report hazardous conditions to
• provide and pay for PPE. supervisor, line manager or OSHA
• provide training required by OSHA if not fixed.
standards and medical exams and • cooperate with inspectors during
access when required. visits.
• post OSHA citations and fix the • read posters, citations, and
issues notices.
• do not discriminate.
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36. A manufacturing business has a net profit margin of 20%. What

volume of merchandise does it need to sell to compensate for a work
accident costing $100,000?
Sales x Profit = Loss Value
Sales x 0.2 = 100,000
Sales = $500,000
The business needs to sell $500,000 worth of merchandise to cover the

accident costs if it does not have insurance.
37. What is the probability of flipping a coin and getting 5 times

consecutive heads?
Getting a head on a coin toss has a 0.5 probability.
0.5 x 0.5 x 0.5 x 0.5 x 0.5 = 0.03125 or 3.125%
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Electricity
38. What are voltage, current and resistance?
A. Voltage is the electrical force (energy) that pushes the current between
two points and is measured in volts (V). Current moves from high voltage to
low voltage.
B. Current is the flow of electrons between two points and is measured in

amperes (A).
C. Resistance is the opposition to the flow of electricity and is measured

in ohms (Ω).
Note: A power inverter is an electronic device or circuitry that changes direct

current (DC) to alternating current (AC). The opposite change, converting AC
to DC, is done by rectifiers.
39. What are bonding and grounding wires used for? Bonding is done
by connecting a wire between the dispensing container and receiving
container. Grounding is connecting a wire between a container and ground
(Earth) thus creating a pathway to dissipate any electrical charge.
Note: Category 3 flammable liquids that have a flashpoint below 100°F

(37.8°C) must be bonded and grounded when dispensing flammable liquids
to prevent static electricity sparks because flammable liquids buildup
electrostatic charge when handled or during pump transfer.
24
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CSP EXAM ESSENTIAL PRACTICE, 2020 Farcas, Hammond & Cena

CSP EXAM ESSENTIAL PRACTICE

Dr. Daniel Farcas, CIH, CSP, CHMM

Copyright Daniel Farcas, 2020

CSP EXAM Equations simply CIH EXAM Equations simply

CIH EXAM ESSENTIAL PRACTICE

Dr. Daniel Farcas has more than 20 years of experience in

Mr. Damien Hammond SR, President of Windjammer

Dr. Lorenzo Cena is an aerosol scientist and industrial hygienist with

Michael McCawley, Ph.D., West Virginia University.

Michael McCawley, Ph.D., West Virginia University.

CODE OF ETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT

4. Undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the

5. Avoid deceptive acts that falsify or misrepresent their academic or professional

2. What is risk? Risk is the possibility of loss, injury or other undesirable

Note: The probability of a fatality or getting an occupational disease is

3. What are the different types of risk? There are 4 types:

A. Risk-avoidance is when the business decides not to produce high-risk

B. Risk-retention is when the business chooses to self-insure (does not

C. Risk-transfer is when the company decides to buy insurance.

D. Risk-reduction and control is the primary goal of the safety professional

4. What is Risk Assessment and Hazard Analysis? Risk assessment

Risk = Hazard’s severity X Probability of exposure to the hazard

Note: In a risk assessment process, we are trying to minimize the risk by

5. Why should we use redundancy in hazard control? To reduce the

6. What is the difference between abatement and mitigation?

7. What is the leading cause of work-related deaths in the U.S.?

8. What is OSHA’s Recordable Incident Rate or Total Case Incident

9. What are Douglas McGregor’s three management theories?

Theory X presumes that employees detest work and must be pressured,

Theory Y presumes that employees are delighted to work, motivation is

Theory Z is focused on employee’s long-term job security, collaborative

10. What are Herzberg “Motivation” Hygiene Theory factors?

A. Hygiene factors, or extrinsic motivators, like salary, status,

B. Motivation factor, intrinsic motivators, like achievement, promotion,

11. What are the 4 types of torts (wrongful acts or an infringement of

• Trespass is committed when an object or a person intentionally enters

• Nuisance is unreasonable interference with enjoyment of property.

• Negligence is failure to exercise reasonable care and is the most

• Strict Liability is legal responsibility for consequences although there

12. What are the 3 forms of product liability?

A. Warranty may be express or implied. Express warranty is an oral or

B. Negligence is when someone or someone's property is harmed due

Note: Contributary negligence is when the hurt person contributed somehow

C. Strict Liability is legal responsibility for the outcomes in the absence

ISO stands for the International Organization for Standardization.

The ISO 14000 is a set of environmental management standards that help

management system. ISO 45001 concentrates on preventing illness, injury,

The OSHAS 18001 is an international OH&S management system (based

14. What is ANSI/ASSP Z10? The ANSI/ASSP Z10 standard helps

ANSI stands for the American National Standards Institute.

ASSP stands for the American Society of Safety Professionals.

15. What is the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) Cycle? The PDCA Cycle or

Note: OSHA's motto is “plan, prevent, and protect.”

16. What is the sequence of the budget process? First identify

18. What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs? Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

be motivated by financial safety while others by esteem or just glad to belong

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Note: Common triggers that anticipate workplace verbal and physical

A. Near-Miss Relationship according to recent studies for every reported

B. The Domino Theory asserts that accidents come from a sequence of

Note: Unsafe acts include using damaged equipment, unsafe methods, or

defective equipment, or inefficient use of PPE. Underlying factors may be

C. Heinrich's axiom proposes that 2% of accidents are just unavoidable,