CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A. Research Design

The design of this study uses Classroom Action Research (CAR). The

researcher uses quantitative and qualitative method in purpose of classroom

action research. Related to the problem that faced by student, Word Wall as a

technique to improve vocabulary that is appropriate in classroom action research

design. Nunan (1992:229) states that action research is a form of self-reflective

inquiry carried out by practioner, aimed at solving problems, improving practice,

or enchaning understanding. Meanwhile Carr and Kemmis (in Burns 1999:30)

state that action research is simply a form of self-reflective enquiry undertaken by

participants in social situation in order to improve the rationality and hustice of

their own practices, their understanding of this practices and the situations in

which the practices are carried out. While, Mills (2000:6) states that the action

research is any systematic inquiry conductetd by teacher researchers, principals,

school couselors, or other stage holders in teaching or learning environment, to

ghater information about the ways that their particular schools operate, how they

teach, and how well their students learn.

Burns (1999:30) mentions some characteristics of action research taken

from experts‟ definitions as follows:

1. Action research is contextual, small-scale and localized. It identifies and

investigates problems within a specifics situation.

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2. It is evaluating and reflective as it aims to bring about change and

improvement in practice.

3. It is participator as it provides for collaborative investigation by terms of

colleagues, partitioners and researchers.

4. Changes in practice are based on the collection of information or data which

provides the impetus for changes. It can be concluded that action research is a

form of self-reflective inquiry by teachers, researchers, principals, school

counselors, or others take holders in teaching or learning environment to solve

problems in order to get improvement.

The model of action research will use in this research is the model

developed by Kemmis and Mc Taggart in Burns (1999:32). According to the

model, the implementation of the classroom action research includes four steps in

the following:

1. Identifying problems and planning the action.

2. Implementing the action

3. Observing the ction

4. Reflecting the result of the observation.

The steps in action research (planning, action, observation, and reflection)

are done in a cycle. Cycles are done depending on the problems needed to solve.

The following is the model of action research figured by Kemmis and McTaggart

in Burns (1999:33).

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 Figure 1. The model of Action Research

Before started this research, the researcher planned some activities

intended to solve the problem that appears in the classroom. The lesson plan was

constructed and it was constructed after considering the particular problem of the

targeted classroom. The problem is going on, over and over again. Putting a plan

in action of a real treatment, the researcher then observed the process and finally

reflected the treatment. The procedures of this research consisted of four steps

explained as follow: (1) Planning, where the teacher and the collaborator plan the

activity before doing the research; (2) Acting, where he teacher applies the

technique; (3) Observing, where the teacher and the collaborator analyze the

process of applying the technique; (4) Reflecting, where the teacher and the

collaborator discuss about the classroom activity and decide the next action.

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 In this pre-research, the researcher can use action research because the

researchers tries to solve classroom problem in vocabulary mastery. The

Classroom Action Research (CAR) aimed to improve the senior high cshool

students’ vocabulary mastery so that the result would be higher that the previous.

The researcher can use Word Wall to tech vocabulary in communicative activity.

B. Setting of the Study

1. Setting of Place

SMAN 4 Penajam Paser Utara is located on Jl. Propisi Km. 37 Rt. 04,

Babulu Darat, Penajam Paser Utara. SMAN Penajam Paser Utara has three grade

of class. There are the tenth grade, the eleventh grade, and twelveth grade. Each

grades consist of five classes. Besides fifteen classrooms, the other buildings are a

teacher office, administration office, library, laboratory, computer room,

auditorium, and cooperation. In this research, the researcher took the first Grade

of Senior High Scool especially in X-4.

2. Setting of Time

SMAN 4 Penajam Paser Utara uses Kurikulum 2013 (K-13) as the basic

of teaching and learning process. Instructional process is done in five days from

Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday. The students start to learn

at 07.30 a.m. the subject of English given a lesson for the first Grade is two hours

every week. So, there is one meetings every week. One meeting consists of two

hours.

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C. Subject of the Research

The subject of the research was the first year students of SMAN 4

Penajam Paser Utara, the first grade was divided into five classes. They were

class X-1 up to X-5. In this research, the researcher chose X-4 (IPS), Consist of

30 students, 13 boys and 17 girls. The researcher took X-4 (IPS) as the subject of

the researcher because based on the interview with English teacher that in this

class still low in English subject especially in vocabulary.

D. Research Instrument

In this classroom action research, the researcher used instruments to

collect the dat in this research, those instruments were:

1. Test

The test will be given three times; in the beggining of the research, in the

end of cycle 1 and in the end of cycle 2. These tests will be conducted to measure

the students‟ vocabulary mastery improvement. Then the test in the end of cycle

result will be compared to the students‟ score before the actions were

implemented. The researcher will give the test contain 10 items. The test consists

of text and questions which are related to the text that has been taught to the

students. The text about descriptive texts. From cycle 1 and cycle 2 the researcher

explains about descriptive text. To find out the scores researcher will used

formula:

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 Score max 10

Test : 25 items

Score : 2 x 25 = 50

Total Score : 50/5 = 10

The result of the test is the students scores.

E. Technique of Collecting Data

1. Test

Meanwhile, quantitative data include formative test (pre-test and test in

the end of cycle). The quantitative is in the form of number, the researcher uses

test is taken from the test that are conducted before and after the cycles are

implemented. The test score is used in the form of pre- test, test 1 and test 2. The

results of the test are analyzed to compare the students improvement on

vocabulary mastery, the result can indicate weather using story telling can

improve the students‟ vocabulary mastery or not. Both of them must be valid and

reliable. Validity means testing what are supposed to test, and not something else

(Wallace: 1998:36). Reliability means if the research is repeated, the findings or

results will be the same.

F. Technique of Data Analysis

After collecting the data, the next step of the study was analyzing the data.

The researcher classified the data based on the research. In this study, the

researcher uses interactive model analysis by Milles and Huberman (in Sugiyono,

2011:246) which consists of three activities, i.e. reducing the data, explaining the

data, and drawing conclution.

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1. Explaining the Data

In this step, the researcher arranged the description of the data. They are the data

of observation, and test. The researcher described and discussed the finding of

the research in the form of systematic classification.

The result of pre-test and post-test analyzed using a formula proposed by

Arikunto et.al (2010:150). The formula is follow:

X =∑ x Y= ∑y
N N

In which:

Χ : Means of pre-test scores

Y : Mean of post-test scores

N : Number of subject

∑x : The sum of pre-test score

∑y : The sum of post-test score

In this research, after computing the mean score, the students‟ mean score

of the test 1 can be compared to the students‟ mean score of the test 2 to know

whether there is an improvement of the students‟ vocabulary mastery.

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G. Research Schedule

This research will be conducted as long as three months. It is implied in

this following table.

Table. 1: Research Schedule

No Activity Time

1 Asking for permission to the Headmaster of SMAN August 2019

4 Penajam Paser Utara and pre-research

2 Collecting the data through interview to the August 2019

teacher and the students

3 Observation and planning the action August 2019

4 Confirming the teacher about the implementation September 2019

of the research
5 Collection the data through post-test September 2019

6 The implementation of cycle 1 September 2019

7 Collecting the data through post-test 1 October 2019

8 The implementation of cycle 2 October 2019

9 Collection the data through post-test 2 October 2019

10 Analyzing the result October 2019

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