Name Date

Solids, Liquids, and Gases

Before You Read
Before you read the chapter, respond to these statements.
1. Write an A if you agree with the statement.
2. Write a D if you disagree with the statement.

Before You
Read Solids, Liquids, and Gases
A • Solid, liquid, and gaseous states of matter
are determined only by temperature.
D • Plasma is the most abundant state of
matter in the universe.
A • Earth’s atmosphere is a fluid system.
D • Hydraulic lifts and toothpaste tubes both
apply Pascal’s principle.
D • Pressure and temperature are directly
proportional properties of a gas.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Construct the Foldable as directed at the beginning of this chapter.

Science Journal
Identify examples of a solid, a liquid, and a gas in your classroom.

An example solid could be something like an ice cube. An example of a liquid could be drink such

as soda or water. An example of a gas is the air.

Solids, Liquids, and Gases 171

Name Date

Solids, Liquids, and Gases

Section 1 Matter and Thermal Energy

Scan the headings, figures, and captions in Section 1 of your book.

Write four facts about kinetic theory you learned.
All matter is composed of tiny particals.
1.
These particals are in constant, random motion.
2.
The particals collide with eachother and with the walls of it container its in.
3.
The amount of energy that the particales lose from these collisions.
4.

Review
Vocabulary Define kinetic energy.
An explanation of how the particals in gases behave.
kinetic energy

New
Vocabulary Read the definitions below. Write the term that matches the
definition on the blank in the left column.
Kenetic therory
an explanation of how particles in matter behave

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Melting point
the temperature at which a solid begins to turn into a liquid
Heat of Fusion
the amount of energy needed to change a substance from a solid to
a liquid at its melting point
Boiling point
the temperature at which the pressure of the vapor in a liquid is
equal to the external pressure acting on the surface of the liquid
Heat of Vaporization
the amount of energy needed for a liquid at its boiling point to
become a gas
Sublimation
the change from a solid to a gas without the liquid state
Plasma
matter consisting of positively and negatively charged particles
Thermal Expansion
an increase in size of a substance when temperature is increased

Academic
Vocabulary Use a dictionary to define the term assumption.
A thing that is accepted as true or as certain to happen, without proof.
assumption

172 Solids, Liquids, and Gases

 Name Date

Section 1 Matter and Thermal Energy (continued)

Kinetic Theory Complete the outline as you read about the states of matter.

States of Matter
I found this information A. Solid
on page 433 . 1. Example:
Crystalline
have a little motion
2. Particle kinetic energy:
Hydrogen and oxygen atoms alternat.
3. Particle behavior:
4. Other fact(s): Unlike gas or a liquid, a solid has definite shape and
volume

I found this information B. Liquid

on page 433 . 1. Example:
water/soda
the particals are consistantly
2. Particle kinetic energy:
moving,although they aren't moving fast
takes the shape of any container its in.
3. Particle behavior:
b/c it has less energy, the particals are less able to
4. Other fact(s):
overcome their attraction to eachother.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

I found this information C. Gas

on page 432 . the air around you
1. Example:
2. Particle kinetic energy: the atoms are contantly moving and
moving fast
3. Particle behavior:
air contains nitrogen,oxygen,and water.
4. Other fact(s):
I found this information D. Plasma
on page . stars and also the sun have plasma
1. Example:
has enough energy to overcome its
2. Particle kinetic energy:
attration

3. Particle behavior: has alot of energy

4. Other fact(s): completly stripped its atoms

Solids, Liquids, and Gases 173

Name Date

Section 1 Matter and Thermal Energy (continued)

Thermal Sequence the kinetic energy, temperature, and density of most

Expansion solids, liquids, and gases. Use 1 to represent the lowest amount and
I found this information 3 to represent the highest.
on page . Solid Liquid Gas
Kinetic energy
Temperature
Density
I found this information Compare the density of water’s solid state to that of other solid
on page . materials.
When water is a solid its density can change due to temperature, ice takes

the shape of the container it is put in to be frozen. Like water being turned in

to ice, when you freeze something liquid like a soda, whatever container it is

in it will take that shape when frozen.

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Solid or a Liquid? Organize the features and examples of other states of matter in
I found this information the following table.
on page . Amorphous Solid Liquid Crystal
Liquid Things have a certain ones from difffernt group of
certain melting point/sofing materials that do not change
point and gradually turns state in the usual manner.
liquid
Solid ice melts at 0 degrees C The ordered geometric
and lead melts at 327C arrangement of a solid to liquid.

Examples butter, glass cell phones, calculators, and

netbooks.

S YNTHESIZE I T Refer to the graph titled “State Changes of Water” in your

book. Imagine that you reverse the process to remove heat from water vapor. Describe
the changes to the temperature and energy at each level (a – d) in the reverse process.

174 Solids, Liquids, and Gases