Contents

1 Preliminaries 3
1.1 Basic De…nitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1.1 Wave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1.2 Wavelength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1.3 Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1.4 Time Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.1.5 Amplitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.1.6 Elasticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2 Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2.1 Mechanical Waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2.2 Electromagnetic Waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2.3 Elastic Waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2.4 Seismic Waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.2.5 Surface Waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.2.6 Body Waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.2.7 SV Waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3 Refraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.4 Re‡ection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.5 Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.6 Stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.7 Initial Stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.8 local Rotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

1
 1.9 Strain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.10 Elastic Modulus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.11 Elastic constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.12 Equation of Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.13 Equation of Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.14 Maxwell Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

2 E¤ect of Two Relaxation Times on P, SV and Thermal Waves at the Interface 9

2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.2 Mathematical Formulation of Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.3 Solution of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.3.1 For Incident P-wave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.3.2 For Incident SV-wave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.4 Boundary Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.5 Expression for the Co¢ cients of Refraction and Re‡ection . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.5.1 For Incident P wave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.5.2 For Incident SV wave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.6 Numerical Results and discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.7 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

3 Re‡ection and Refraction of SV waves at Micropolar Solid Liquid Interface 24

3.1 Mathematical Formulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.2 Solution of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.3 Re‡ection and Refraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
3.4 Boundary Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.5 Numerical Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
3.6 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

2
Chapter 1

Preliminaries

This chapter covers the basic de…nitions and concepts given below.

1.1 Basic De…nitions

1.1.1 Wave

A wave is a surging or progressing movement accompanied by the transfer of energy from one
place to another without the transport of matter through space or matter.

1.1.2 Wavelength

The distance between two identical adjacent points of two consecutive waves is called the
wavelength.

1.1.3 Frequency

The number of waves pass through a …xed point in one second is known as frequency. Its unit
is hertz [Hz].

3
1.1.4 Time Period

The time taken by a vibrating body to complete one cycle of vibration is called the time period.
Mathematically, it can be written as

1
Time Period (T ) = :
f

Its unit is second (s).

1.1.5 Amplitude

Amplitude is delineated as the maximum displacement of a wave, measured from its equilibrium
position.

1.1.6 Elasticity

Elasticity is delineated as an ability of deformed material to resume its normal form after the
removal of the in‡uence of external force.

1.2 Types

1.2.1 Mechanical Waves

A mechanical wave is a wave that allows a matter called medium to vibrate to transfer energy.

1.2.2 Electromagnetic Waves

An electromagnetic wave is a wave that does not require a matter called medium to vibrate in
order for energy to be transferred.

1.2.3 Elastic Waves

A wave in which particles are propagated‚a restoring force act on the particles to bring them
back to their original position.
Elastic wave motion in a medium in which when particles are displaced a force proportional
to the displacement acts on the particles to restore them to their original position.

4
1.2.4 Seismic Waves

A wave of energy produced by an earthquake or other earth vibration and that moves in or
around the earth. Surface waves and body waves are the two types of Seismic waves.

1.2.5 Surface Waves

A surface wave is a wave that can be traveling parallel or along the earth’s surface. There are
two kinds of surface waves.
Love waves.
Rayleigh waves.

1.2.6 Body Waves

Body waves are those waves that travel through the earth’s inner layers generated by an earth-
quake. Body waves are often stronger and higher frequency than surface waves.
P-waves and S-waves are two di¤erent types of body waves has given below:
(1) Dilatational-waves or P-waves.
(2) Rotational-waves or S- waves.

1.2.7 SV Waves

A wave is said to be SV-wave when the displacement vector is polarized in the vertical direction.

1.3 Refraction

Refraction is the change in the propagation path of a wave due to changes in its media. This
phenomenon is called refraction of waves.
Examples of refraction are bending of light into glass water, rainbow, camera lens, lenses
etc.

5
1.4 Re‡ection

Re‡ection is the bounce back of a wavefront from the boundary of a medium when it undergoes
a change in medium. This is called a re‡ection of waves.

1.5 Interface

A point between the two media where both media interact.

1.6 Stress

The force per unit area applied to the material is known as stress. As a result body undergoes
changes in the shape, volume, or length. When the stress cause changes in length it is known
as tensile stress. Similarly when it changes the shape and volume it is called shear stress and
volume stress respectively. Mathematically, stress can be represented as

F
S= ; (1.1)
A

where S is stress and measured in Newton per square meter N m 2 or pascals (P a), F is force
and A is the cross-sectional area and measure in Newtons (N ), and meter per square m2
respectively.

1.7 Initial Stress

The stress initially applied on a point is called as initial stress. The value is determined by
their normal components di¤erence. Mathematically, it is written as

P = s22 s11 ; (1.2)

where s11 and s22 denote the normal stress components.

6
1.8 local Rotation

When the initial stress is applied, the point is shifted by an angle known as the local rotation
in a new direction. Mathematically, it can be written as

1 @uj @ui
!= (1.3)
2 @xi @xj

where ! represents the local rotation.

1.9 Strain

The strain is the measure of deformation in a body when stress is applied to it. So, the ratio of
change in body dimensions to its real length is called strain. Mathematically, it can be written
as
Change in Dimension
Strain = :
Original Dimension

1.10 Elastic Modulus

The ratio of stress to strain is known as elastic modulus. It is mathematically represented as

Stress
Elasticity (E) = :
Strain

1.11 Elastic constants

The elastic behavior of a certain material is expressed by a constant which is known as elastic
constants or elastic moduli. The most common elastic constant are Young’s modulus, Bulk
modulus and Poisson ratio.

1.12 Equation of Motion

In an elastic medium the equation of motion is

Sij;j + Fi = •i ;
U (1.5)

7
where Ui and Sij are the displacement vector, and stress force along xi axis. is the density of
the medium, Fi is the body force.

1.13 Equation of Energy

The energy equation describes the distribution of heat in time intervals. The …rst law of
thermodynamics i.e., the energy may neither be created nor destroyed.

@T
Kr2 T = ce ; (1.6)
@t

Her e T is the absolute temperature, ce is the speci…c heat, is the density of the medium, and
K is the thermal conductivity.

1.14 Maxwell Equations

The Maxwell equations are composed of 4 laws relating the electrical and magnetic …elds to
their source, charge and current density. These equations are de…ned as

r h = j + "0 B;t ; (1.7)

r B = 0 h;t ; (1.8)

r B = 0; (1.9)

r h = 0; (1.10)

where h represent perturbed magnetic …eld, j is electric current density, 0 is magnetic perme-
ability and "0 is the electric permeability and B is the electric intensity.

8
Chapter 2

E¤ect of Two Relaxation Times on

P, SV and Thermal Waves at the
Interface

2.1 Introduction

This chapter is an analysis of Ref. [19] : In the current chapter, under a constant magnetic
…eld, two models of the generalized thermoelasticity theory are used to see the impact on the
re‡ection and refraction of plane waves at the interface. The modules of elasticity depend on
the reference temperature. The elasticity modules is considered as a linear function of reference
temperature. The boundary conditions are used at the interface to solved the problem. The
resulting matrix equation has been solved numerically and the results are shown graphically.

2.2 Mathematical Formulation of Problem

Let us assume an isotropic, homogenous, linear and perfectly conductive and thermally elastic
medium with the mechanical characteristics depending on the temperature having two half-
spaces at the interface. The temperature T0 is taken constantly throughout the body with a
uniform magnetic …eld H0 = (0; H; 0) acts in the “+ve”direction of the y axis. We describe
all the variables without prime in the …rst medium M and with the prime in second medium

9
M : Now, in the absence of body forces and heat sources, the generalized di¤erential equations
of thermoelasticity under GL theory have the following form

@ 2 ui
%ij;j + Fi = ; (2.1a)
@t2

Lorentz’s body force is given as

Fi = 0 (J H0 )i ; (2.1b)

Using Eqs. (1:7) (1:10) in above Eq. (2.1b), we obtain

2 2 @h
F1 = "0 0 H u;tt 0H ; (2.2)
@x
F2 = 0;
2 2 @h
F3 = "0 0 H w;tt 0H :
@z

Under GL theory, the constitutive law for generalized thermo–elasticity is

@u @w @ @T
%ij = 2 eij + ij + T T0 + 0 : (2.3)
@x @z @t @t

The relation of strain–displacement is

1
eij = uj;i + ui;; j : (2.4)
2

Under GL theory the equation of heat conduction have the form

@ @ @u @w
e 1+ 1 T;t + T0 + = Kr2 T: (2.5)
@t @t @x @z

where %ij is the components of stress tensor, eij is the strain components, ; are the lame’s
constant, is the density, e is the speci…c heat, K is the thermal connectivity, T is temperature,
t is the time and 1, 0 are the two relaxation times.
We study the basic equations for the following two theories.

10
 (1) Classical and dynamical coupled theory

v1 = 0; v0 = 0:

(2) GL theory
v1 v0 > 0:

Consider the two dimensional unsteady problem in xz plane, the displacement components are
given below
ux = u (x; z; t) ; uy = 0; uz = w (x; z; t) : (2.6)

The displacement potentials ' and are given below

@' @
u = ; (2.7)
@x @z
@ @
w = + : (2.8)
@z @x

We assume the parameters depending on the temperature de…ned as

E = E0 f (T ) ; = 0 E0 f (T ) ; = E0 f (T ) : (2.9)

The non dimensional temperature function is f (T ) : If the modulus of elasticity are independent
of temperature then E = E0 and f (T ) = 1.
Substituting Eqs. (2:2) ; (2:3) ; (2:5) and (2:9) in Eq. (2:1), we yield

@2u @2u @2w @ezz @ @T

= E0 f (T ) 0 + +2 0 0 T+ 0
@t2 @x2 @x@z @x @x @t

@ezx @h 2
2 2 @ u
+2E0 f (T ) 0 0H 0 H0 "0 ; (2.10)
@z @x @t2
@2u @2u @2w @ezz @ @T
= E0 f (T ) 0 + +2 0 0 T+ 0
@t2 @z@x @z 2 @z @z @t

@ezx @h 2
2 2 @ w
+2E0 f (T ) 0 0H 0 H0 "0 : (2.11)
@x @z @t2

11
Using Eqs. (2:7) and (2:8) in Eqs. (1:7) –(1:10) ; we get

h= Hr2 : (2.12)

Introducing dimensionless variables as follows

1 1 t h
(x? ; z ? ) = (x; z) ; (u? ; w? ) = (u; w) ; t? = ; h? = ;
! 1 Ct ! 1 Ct !1 H

%ij C 0 E0 (T T0 )
%?ij = ; ?
= ; = + 1; T ? = ;
Ct2 1
!1 C2 Ct2
1 1
1 = ? = : (2.13)
1 T0 f (T0 )

The Eqs. (2:4), (2:5) and (2:10) to (2:12) takes the form after utilizing non–dimensional variables

@2 2 @T
1 = (1 + 1 RH ) r T+ 0 ; (2.14)
@t2 @t
@2
1 = (1 ) r2 ; (2.15)
@t2
@T @2T
r2 T = + 1 + r2 ; (2.16)
@t @t2
h = r2 ; (2.17)

where r2 is the Laplace operator.

The constitutive equations takes the form

1 %ij = (1 ) (uj;i + ui;j ) ;

@u @w @T
+%ij (2 1) + T+ 0 : (2.18)
@x @z @t

where

E0 ( + 0) C T0 0 2
0 0H
= 2 ; RH = 2 ; ? = 2; C =
2
;
Ct C e Ct
E0 ( 0 + 2 0 ) 1 K
Ct2 = ; C2 = ; !1 = 2 ;
"
0 0 e Ct

12
 ?
here RH is magnetic pressure, E0 constant elasticity modulus at = 0, " and C are the
standard thermoelastic coupling parameter and usual Alvfen speed respectively.

2.3 Solution of the Problem

We assume the solution for a plane wave propagated in xz plane and make an angle with
the z axis is de…ned as

f ; h; T g (x; z; t) = f 1 ; h1 ; T1 g exp [ik (x sin + z cos ) !t] ; (2.19)

(x; z; t) = 1 exp [il (x sin + z cos ) !t] ;

where the ! is the complex frequency and k and l are the wave numbers.
Putting Eq. (2:19) into Eqs. (2:14)to(2:17), we yields a system of three homogenous equa-
tion

k2 2
1 + 1!
2
1 + mT1 = 0; (2.20)

! k2 1 + (k !n) T1 = 0; (2.21)

k2 1 + h1 = 0; (2.22)

here 1 =1+ 1; RH ; m = (1 ! 0) ; n = (1 ! 1) :

The system of Eqs. (2:20) to (2:22) has non trivial solution if and if the factor matrix
vanishes. We obtained
k2 1 + 1!
2 m 0
! k2 (k !n) 0 = 0: (2.23)
k2 0 1

We can obtain
( 1! 1n m ) 1!
V4 V2 = 0; (2.24)
1n 1n

Eqs. (2:15) (2:19) ; we have

1
2 (1 ) (1 ) 2
W + = 0; W = : (2.25)
1 1

13
 ! !
In Eq.(2:24) and (2:25) V = k and W = l are the velocities of refractive SV and P waves
respectively.

2.3.1 For Incident P-wave

Fig 2.1: Gemotry of the problem for incident P wave.

Let us consider a P–wave is incident in a medium M at z = 0. Three waves(P, thermal and SV)
are re‡ected back into the same medium by making an angles , 2; and 1 and two waves are
transmitted into another medium M 0 making angles 0 and 10 for the P and thermal waves
with z-axis. The scalar and vector potential , for N medium

2.3.2 For Incident SV-wave

Fig 2.2: Gemotry of the problem for incident SV wave.

Let us consider a SV–wave is incident in a medium M at z = 0. Three waves(P, thermal and SV)
are re‡ected back into the same medium by making an angles , 2; and 1 and two waves are
transmitted into another medium M 0 making angles 0 and 10 for the P and thermal waves
0 0
with z–axis .The scalar and vector potential , for N medium and , for medium N0 :

= A1 exp [ik1 (x sin z cos ) !t] + A2 exp [ik2 (x sin 2 z cos 2) !t] ; (2.33)

= B1 exp [il (x sin + z cos ) !t] + B2 exp [il (x sin z cos ) !t] ; (2.34)
0
= A01 exp ik1 0 x sin 0
1 + z cos 0
1 !t + A2 exp ik2 x sin 20 + z cos 0
2 !t (2.35)
;

= 0; (2.36)

in which l; k1 ; k2 ; k10 ; k20 are the wave numbers corresponding to the angles , 1; 2; 0 and 10

can expressed as
k1 sin = k2 sin 1 = l sin 2 = k10 sin 0 = k20 sin 1 0: (2.37)

14
At the surface z = 0
sin sin 1 sin 2 sin 0 sin 1 0
= = = 0 = ; (2.38)
V1 V2 c0 V1 V20

in which
! ! ! ! !
V1 = ; V2 = ; c = ; V1 = 0 and V2 = 0 :
k1 k2 l k1 k2

2.4 Boundary Conditions

1 The continuity of normal displacement at the interface.

w = w0 , at z = 0: (2.39)

2 The tangential displacement has to vanish at the interface.

u = 0; at z = 0: (2.40)

3 The normal force is continuous per unit area.at interface.

%33 = %033 ; at z = 0: (2.41)

4 Tangential force must disappear at per unit primary area.

%13 = 0; a z = 0: (2.42)

5 Continuity of temperature.

T = T; at z = 0: (2.43)

15
2.5 Expression for the Co¢ cients of Refraction and Re‡ection

2.5.1 For Incident P wave

Using Eqs. (2:26) –(2:30) in boundary conditions from Eqs.(2:39) (2:43), then we have
!
B2 cos A1 cos 1 A2 sin 2 B cos
+ + 1
B1 V1 B1 V2 B1 c B1 V1

!
A cos 1 cos
+ 1 = ; (2.44)
B1 V2 V1

B2 sin A1 sin 1 A2 cos 2 sin

+ + = ; (2.45)
B1 V1 B1 V2 B1 c V1
!
B2 m22 A1 m33 A2 ( 1) B1 m44
+ + sin 2 2
B1 V12 1 B1 V22 1 B1 1c
2
B1 V12 1
!
A1 m55 m11
= ; (2.46)
B1 V22 1 V12 1

B2 sin 2 A1 sin 2 1 A2 cos 2 2 sin 2

+ + = ; (2.47)
B1 V12 B1 V22 B1 c2 V12

B2 n22 A1 n22 B1 n33 A1 n44 m! 2 2

+ = 1 + 1 V1 : (2.48)
B1 V12 B1 V22 B1 V12 B1 V2 V12

where

1 2
m11 = (2 2 + 1 RH ) + (2 2) cos2 1 + 2 ! ;
k1
1
m22 = (2 2 + 1 RH ) + (2 2) cos2 2 + !2 ;
k22
" #
1
m33 = 2 2 + 1 RH + 2 2 cos2 1 + !2 ;
k12
" #
1
m44 = 2 2 + 1 RH + 2 2 cos2 2 + !2 :
k22

n11 = m! 2 1 + 1 V1
2
; n22 = m! 2 1 + 1 V2
2
;

n33 = p! 2 1 + 1 V1
2
; n44 = p! 2 1 + 1 V2
2
:

16
We have a system of …ve non-homogenous equations for incident P-wave.

5
X
aij Xj = pj ; (j = 1; 2; 3; 4; 5) :
i=1

where

cos 1 cos 1 sin 2 cos

a11 = ; a12 = ; a13 = ; a14 = ;
V1 V2 c V1
cos 1 sin 1 sin 1 cos 2
a15 = ; a21 = ; a22 =
; a23 = ; a24 = 0;
V2 V1 V2 c
m22 m33 ( 1)
a25 = 0; a31 = 2 ; a32 = 2 ; a33 = 2 sin 2 ;
V1 1 V2 1 1 c
m44 m55 sin 2 sin 2 1
a34 = 2 ; a35 = ; a41 = 2 ; a42 = ;
V1 1 2
V2 1 V1 V22
cos 2 2 n11 n22
a43 = 2 ; a44 = 0; a45 = 0; a51 = 2 ; a52 = 2 ;
c V 1 V2
n33 n44
a53 = 0; a54 = ; a55 = :
V12 V22

cos sin m11 sin 2 m! 2 2

p1 = ; p2 = ; p3 = ; p4 = ; p5 = 1 + 1 V1 :
V1 V1 V12 1 V12 V12

The amplitude ratios of re‡ected P, T, SV and refracted P, T waves are

B2 A1 A2 B A
X1 = ; X2 = ; X3 = ; X4 = 1 ; X 5 = 1 :
B1 B1 B1 B1 B1

2.5.2 For Incident SV wave

Using Eqs. (2:33) –(2:36) in boundary conditions from Eqs.(2:39) (2:43), then we have

A1 c A2 c B2 A c
cos 1 + cos 2 (sin ) + 1 cos 1
B1 V1 B1 V2 B1 B1 V1

A2 c
+ cos 2 = sin ; (2.49)
B1 V2

A1 c A2 c B2
sin 1 + sin 2 + (cos ) = cos ; (2.50)
B1 V1 B1 V2 B1

17
 A1 c2 m11 A2 c2 m22 B2 (1 ) A1 c2 m33
+ + sin 2
B1 V12 1 B1 V22 1 B1 1 B1 V12 1

A2 c2 m44 (1 )
= sin 2 ; (2.51)
B1 V22 1 1

A1 c2 A2 c2 B2
sin 2 1 + cos 2 (sin 2 ) = cos ; (2.52)
B1 V12 B1 V22 B1

A11 n11 A2 n22 A1 n33 A2 n44

+ = 0: (2.53)
B1 V12 B1 V22 B1 V12 B1 V2

where

1
m11 = (2 2 + 1 RH ) + (2 2) cos2 1 + !2 ;
k12
1
m22 = (2 2 + 1 RH ) + (2 2) cos2 2 + !2 ;
k22
" #
2 1 2
m33 = 2 2 + 1 RH + 2 2 cos 1 + 2
! ;
k1
" #
1
m44 = 2 2 + 1 RH + 2 2 cos2 2 + !2 :
k22

n11 = m! 2 1 + 1 V1
2
; n22 = m! 2 1 + 1 V2
2
;

n33 = p! 2 1 + 1 V1
2
; n44 = p! 2 1 + 1 V2
2
:

We have a system of …ve non-homogenous equations for incident SV-wave.

5
X
bij Zj = qj ; (j = 1; 2; 3; 4; 5) :
i=1

!
A1 n11 A2 n22 A1 n33 A2 n44
+ =0 (2.48)
B1 V12 B1 V22 B1 V12 B1 V22

c c c
b11 = cos 1; b12 = cos 2 ; b13 = sin ; b14 = cos 1;
V1 V2 V1
c c c
b15 = cos 1; b21 = sin 1 ; b22 = sin 2; b23 = cos ;
V1 V1 V2

18
 c2 m11 (1 )
b24 = 0; b25 = 0; b31 = 2 ; b32 = sin 2 ;
V1 1 1
c2 m33 c2 m22 c2 m44 c2
b33 = ; b34 = ; b35 = ; b 41 = sin 2 1 ;
V12 1 V22 1 V22 1 V12
c2
b42 = cos 2 ; b43 = sin 2 ; b44 = 0; b45 = 0;
V22
n11 n22 n33 n44
b51 = ; b52 = 2 ; b53 = 0; b54 = 2 ; b55 = 2 :
V12 V2 V1 V2

(1 )
q1 = sin ; q2 = cos ; q3 = sin 2
1
, q4 = cos ; q5 = 0:

The amplitude ratios of re‡ected P, T, SV and refracted P, T waves are

A1 A2 B2 A A
Z1 = ; Z2 = ; Z3 = ; Z4 = 1 ; Z5 = 2 :
B1 B1 B1 B1 B1

2.6 Numerical Results and discussion

For the numerical study, we consider the data from Ref [13] for solid medium M as a crust
(Granite) and (Water) as a liquid medium M :
For solid medium (M–crust“Granite”)
K = 3 W:m 1 :K 1 ; = 2900 Kg:m 3, = 1100 J:Kg 1 :K 1 , ! = 7:5 1013 S 1;
e

= =3 1010 N:m 2 , E0 = 2:6 105 , T0 = 300 K:

For liquid medium (M “Water”):
K = 3 W:m 1 :K 1 ; = 2900 Kg:m 3; T0 = 300K; ! = 7:5 1013 S 1, = 1100
e

J:Kg 1 :K 1 ,

= =3 1010 N:m 2 , E0 = 2:6 105 ; T0 = 300K:

Also taking 1 = 1 = 0:8, 0 = 0 = 0:8 and " = "0 = 0:2.
From Fig. 2:3 and Fig. 2:4 gives the e¤ect of amplitude ratio with the incident angle for
the SV waves and P waves under two theories. For the incident SV-waves the amplitude ratios
jZ1 j, jZ2 j ; jZ4 j ; and jZ5 j commenced from the maximum values and goes to zero at = 90 :
The amplitude ratio jZ3 j starts from unity and ends on as well as unity at = 90 : It can be

19
seen that the GL theory in jZ1 j, jZ2 j ; jZ4 j obtain the minimum values in comparison of CD
theory, while on the other hand the amplitude ratio jZ3 j and jZ5 j have smaller values after
= 60 in GL theory than CD theory. For the incident P wave, GL and CD theories conicidies
before = 45 for jX1 j and jX2 j. jX3 j and jX4 j increases before = 50 while the amplitude
ratio jX5 j increases after = 50 and goes to zero at = 90 .
Figs. (2:5) to Fig. (2:7) depict the impact of amplitude with the incident angle of SV wave
under the variation of two relaxation times of GL theory. Fig. (2:5) is drawn to see the behavior
of electric …eld . By increasing the value of "; the amplitude ratios jZ1 j ; jZ2 j and jZ4 j increases
while the amplitude ratios jZ3 j and jZ5 j show initially decrement and then increses by rising
the values of " at = 60 :
Fig. (2:6) illustrates the impact of magnetic …eld on the amplitude ratios of incident SV
waves. By increases the value of magnetic …eld, jZ1 j and jZ2 j also increases but jZ3 j ; jZ4 j and
jZ5 j decreases. At = 45 jZ4 j reaches to highest value. Fig. (2:7) is observed to see the e¤ect
?
of modulus of reference temperature. By increasing ; jZ1 j and jZ4 j increases after = 20 ,
?
but all curves mix to each other at = 45 :to 50 Whereas by rising jZ2 j and jZ5 j decreases
but it has opposite behavior at = 45 and the amplitude ratio jZ3 j starts and ends on unity.
Fig. (2:8) and (2:10) show the e¤ect of two relaxation times to GL theory on the amplitude
with the angle of incident of P-wave. Fig. (2:8) shows in‡uence of electric …eld jX1 j ; jX2 j
and jX5 j decreases before = 30 and rises at = 45 by increasing the value of electric …eld.
Whereas jX3 j and jX4 j decreases before = 50 and after = 50 goes to zero at = 90 . Fig.
(2:10) explains the di¤erence between the modulus of reference temperature on amplitude jX1 j
?
to jX5 j behaves progressively and decreasing for all values of : Fig. (2:9) shows the e¤ect of
magnetic …eld on the amplitude ratio; s. All amplitude ratios decreases by increasing magnetic
…eld. Except jX1 j all amplitude ratios appraches to zero when approaches to 90 .

2.7 Conclusion

We discussed the e¤ect of temperature dependent elastic moduli, coupling parameter and mag-
netic …eld on the re‡ection and refraction of P and SV-waves at the interface. For SV and
P- waves incident at the solid liquid interface, the e¤ect of variation of temperature depen-

20
dent modulus is more prominent than that of coupling parameter and magnetic …eld on the
amplitude ratios of re‡ected and refracted P and thermal waves.

Fig. 2:3: Variation of the amplitudes jZi j (i = 1; 2; ::::6) with the incident angle of SV wave for
di¤erent theory.

Fig. 2:4: Variation of the amplitudes jXi j (i = 1; 2; ::::6) with the incident angle of P wave
for di¤erent theory.

Fig. 2:5: Variation of the amplitudes jZi j (i = 1; 2; ::::6) with the incident angle of SV wave
under the e¤ect of coupling parameter.

21
 Fig. 2:6: Variation of the amplitudes jZi j (i = 1; 2; ::::6) with the incident angle of SV wave
for the in‡uenceof magnetic …eld.

Fig. 2:7: Variation of the amplitudes jZi j (i = 1; 2; ::::6) with the incident angle of SV wave for
the modulus of temperature dependent.

Fig. 2:8: Variation of the amplitudes jXi j (i = 1; 2; ::::6) with the incident angle of P wave
under the e¤ect of coupling parameter.

22
Fig. 2:9: Variation of the amplitudes jXi j (i = 1; 2; ::::6) with the incident angle of P wave for
the in‡uenceof magnetic …eld.

Fig. 2:10: Variation of the amplitudes jXi j (i = 1; 2; ::::6) with the incident angle of P wave for
the modulus of temperature dependent.

23
Chapter 3

Re‡ection and Refraction of SV

waves at Micropolar Solid Liquid
Interface

This chapter includes the study of in‡uence of magnetic …eld, initial stress and rotation on
SV wave while propagating through the interface of micropolar solid and liquid layers. In the
context of DPL theory, the basic equations have been solved to drive the results for the re‡ected
SV, P, thermal and microrotation waves and transmitted P and thermal waves. The re‡ection
and transmission of SV waves are examined after using the boundary conditions and amplitude
ratios are computed by the matrix inversion method and the …ndings are shown graphically.

3.1 Mathematical Formulation

Let us assume a plane interface which separate two homogenous, isotropic, linear half-spaces.
Consider the two-dimensional problem in the xz–plane, whereas the interface is placed at z = 0
separating the micropolar solid half-space M and liquid half-space M . Both media depend
upon the primary temperature T0 . A constant magnetic …eld H = (0; H0 ; 0), angular velocity
(0; ; 0) and the micro–rotation vector = (0; 2 ; 0) are acting along the positive y-axis.
Now SV–wave is an incidental wave in medium M which in‡ict (incident) at the interface
of micropolar solid and liquid layers. It re‡ected as the SV, P, thermal and micro–rotation

24
( 2) waves in the medium M and transmitted as P and thermal waves in medium M . All
variables depicted by the primes in medium M while the variables in the other medium M are
represented without prime.

Fig 3.1: Geometry of the Problem

The Eq. of motion for a linear micropolar thermoelasticity with rotation and body forces
and heat equation under the Dual Phase Lag theory is given as

h i
ij;j + Fi = ui;tt + f ( u)g;i + (2 u;t )i ; (3.1)

"ijk jk + mij;j = j i;tt + ;t : (3.2)

The generalized heat conduction equation under Dual phase Lag theory is

@ @ @2
K 1+ T;jj = + q ( CE T + T0 1 e) : (3.3)
@t @t @t2

The constitutive laws are

ij = ur;r ij + (ui;j + uj;i ) + k (uj;i "ijk k) 1 T ij ; (3.4)

mij = r;r ij + i; j + j;i; : (3.5)

Putting Eqs.(3:4) and (3:5) in Eqs.(3:1) (3:2) ; we obtain the equation of motion

@e @T @ @2u @w
( + ) + (k + ) 52 u 1 k 2 + F1 = 2
u+2 ; (3.6)
@x @x @z @t2 @t
@e @T @ @2w @u
( + ) + (k + ) r2 w 1 + k 2 + F3 = 2
w+2 ; (3.7)
@z @z @x @t2 @t

@u @w
j 2 =k + r2 2 2k 2; (3.8)
@z @x

where 1 = (3 + 2 + k) t, t is the coe¢ cient of linear thermal expression and and are
the lame’s constant and dilatation is e.

25
 Here ij is the components of the stress tensor, ui is the components of the displacement
vector, j is the micro-rotation moment, , and are the micropolar constants, mij is the
couple stress tensor, ij is the Kronecker delta, "ijk is the alternate tensor, q and are thermal
relaxation time and temperature gradient parameter. Where 0 is the magnetic permeability.
Due to the application of the initial magnetic …eld H, there results on induced ma gnetic …eld
h = (0; h; 0).

@u @w
e = + ; (3.9)
@x @z
h = H0 e: (3.10)

where h = (0; h; 0) is induced magnetic …eld. The Lorentz forces are describe as

@h 2
2 2@ u
F1 = 0 H0 "0 H
0 0 ; (3.11)
@x @t2
F2 = 0; (3.12)
@h 2 2 @2w
F3 = 0 H0 "0 0 H0 : (3.13)
@z @t2

The non-dimensional variables are described as below

0 0 C0 h
(x? ; z ? ) = (x; z) ; (u? ; w? ) = (u; w) ; t? ; q; = 0 (t; q ; ) ; h? = ;
C0 1 T0 H0

? ij T C02 ? 0
ij = ; T = ; 2 = 2; = ; mij = mij ;
1 T0 T0 1 T0 0 C0 1 T0

CE C02 +2 +k
0 = ; C02 = : (3.14)
K

After utilizing non–dimensional variables the Eqs. (3:3), (3:6), (3:7) and (3:8) takes the form

+k 2 + + 0 H02 @e k @ 2 @T + 2H 2"
0 0 0 @2u 2 @w
r u+ = u+2 ; (3.15)
C02 C02 @x C02 @z @x @t2 @t

+k 2 + + 0 H02 @e k @ 2 @T + 2H 2"
0 0 0 @2w 2 @u
r w+ = w+2 ; (3.16)
C02 C02 @z C02 @x @z @t2 @t

2kC02 kC02 @u @w j C02 @ 2 2

r2 2 2 2 + 2 = ; (3.17)
0 0 @z @x @t2

26
 @ @ @2 2T
1 0
1+ r2 T = + q T+ cE T + T0 1r
2
q : (3.18)
@t @t @t2 0K

3.2 Solution of the Problem

We have the displacement components in xz plane are

ux = u (x; z; t) ; uy = 0; uz = w (x; z; t) : (3.19)

The vector and scalar potentials (x; z; t) and q (x; z; t) can be written as

u = q;x + ;z ; (3.20)

w = q;z ;x : (3.21)

Using the Eqs. (3:9); (3:10); (3:19) (3:20) and (3:21) in Eqs.(3:15); (3:16), we get

2 2 @2q 2 @
0r q 0 + q+2 T = 0; (3.22)
@t2 @t
@2 @q
a1 r2 a2 2 0 + 2
2 = 0; (3.23)
@t2 @t
2
@ q @
2 2 2
0r q 0 + q 2 T = 0; (3.24)
@t2 @t
@2 @q
a1 r2 a2 2 0 + 2
+2 = 0: (3.25)
@t2 @t

As we examine the propagation of waves along the x-axis. Eqs. (3:22) and (3:25) involving
the vector potential and scalar potential q, describe the rotational and dilatational parts of
wave equation traveling along the x-axis. The spare two equations (3:23) and (3:24) containing
the vector potential and scalar potential q, describe the rotational and dilatational parts of
wave equation propagating along the z-axis. We take only the Eqs. (3:22) and (3:24)

2 2 @2q @
0r q 0 2
+ 2q + 2 T = 0; (3.26)
@t @t
@2 @q
a1 r2 a2 2 0 2
+ 2 +2 = 0: (3.27)
@t @t

27
Making use of Eqs. (3:19) (3:21) for Eqs.(3:17) and (3:18); we have

@ @ @2 @ @2
1+ r2 T + q T 1 + q r2 q = 0; (3.28)
@t @t @t2 @t @t2

@2 2
r2 2 2a3 2 a4 + a3 r2 = 0; (3.29)
@t2

where

2
CA 2H 2 2
2 0 0 0 2 0 H0 +2 +k +k
0 = 1 + R H ; RH = ; 0 =1+ ; CA = ; C02 = ; a1 = ;
C02 C02

k kC02 j C02 T0 2
1 CE C02
a2 = 2 ; a3 = 2 ; a4 = ; 1 = ; 0 = :
C0 0 0K K

Here RH is the amount of magnetic pressure, CA is called the Alfven speed and 1 is the usual
thermoelastic coupling parameter.
We assume the solution for the system of Eqs. (3:26) (3:29)

q = q1 exp fi (x sin + z cos ) i!tg ;

= 1 exp fi (x sin + z cos ) i!tg ;

T = T1 exp fi (x sin + z cos ) i!tg ;

2 = 12 exp fi (x sin + z cos ) i!tg ; (3.30)

where the complex circular frequency is ! and the wave number is for SV, P Thermal, and
the micro–rotational.
Putting Eq. (3:30) in Eqs. (3:26) (3:29), we yield,

2 2 2 2
0 + 0! + q1 2 i! 1 T1 = 0; (3.31)
2 2 2
2 i!q1 + a1 + 0! + 1 a2 12 = 0; (3.32)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
+ !i + i! q! T1 + 1 i! + q! q1 = 0; (3.33)
2 2
a3 1 + 2a3 a4 ! 2 12 = 0: (3.34)

Eqs (3:31) to (3:34) will be simultaneously satis…ed if the determinant of factor matrix vanishes

28
i:e.

2 2 2
-T1 + 0! + T2 ! 1 0
2 2 2
T2 ! a1 + 0! + 0 a2
= 0;
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
- 1 ! + q! 0 + ! + ! q! 0
2 2
0 a3 0 2a3 a4 ! 2
(3.35)
2
where T1 = 0, T2 = 2 i:
it gives,
v 8 + Gv 6 + Hv 4 + Jv 2 + K = 0; (3.36)

!
where velocity of the re‡ected SV waves is v = .

F = ( (2i)a3 T22 ! 3 + ia4 T22 ! 5 (2i)a3 2 5

0! + ia4 2 7
0! (4i)a3 0!
3 2

+(2i)a4 0 ! 5 2 (2i)a3 ! 4 + ia4 ! 3 4 );

1
G = (2a3 T22 ! 4 iT22 ! 5 + (2i)a1 a3 0 ! 5 ia2 a3 0 ! 5 + (2i)a3 T1 0 ! 5 + (2i)a3 0 1!
5
F
ia4 1 ! 5 2 a4 T22 ! 6 + 2a3 20 ! 6 + 2a3 T22 q ! 6 + 2a3 0 1 q ! 6 ia1 a4 0 ! 7
7 2 7
ia4 T1 0! i 0!

7
ia4 0 1! + ia4 T22 !7 (2i)a3 2
0 !7 a4 2 8
0! a4 T22 q!
8
+ 2a3 2
0 q!
8
(2i)a3 T22 !5
8 2
a4 0 1 q! + ia4 0 !9 a4 2
0 q!
10
+ (2i)a1 a3 ! 3 2
ia2 a3 ! 3 2
+ (2i)a3 T1 ! 3 2
I! 3 4

4 2 4 2
+4a3 0! + 2a3 1 q! ia1 a4 ! 5 2
ia4 T1 ! 5 2
(2i) 0!
5 2
(4i)a3 0 !5 2

2 2
2a4 0!
6
+ 4a3 0 q!
6
a4 1 q!
6 2
+ (2i)a4 0 !7 2
2a4 0 q!
8 2
+ 2a3 ! 2 4

(2i)a3 !3 4
a4 ! 4 4
+ 2a3 q!
4 4
+ ia4 !5 4
a4 q!
6 4
) + (2i)a3 1 ! 3 2
;

29
 1
H = ( (2i)a1 a3 T1 ! 5 + ia2 a3 T1 ! 5 (2i)a1 a3 1 ! 5 + ia2 a3 1 ! 5 + T22 ! 6 2a1 a3 0 ! 6
F
+a2 a3 0 ! 6 2a3 T1 0 ! 6 2a1 a3 1 q ! 6 + a2 a3 1 q ! 6 + ia1 a4 T1 ! 7 + ia1 0 ! 7 + iT1 0!
7

+ia1 a4 1 ! 7 + i 0 1!
7
iT22 ! 7 + (2i)a1 a3 0 !7 ia2 a3 0 ! 7 + (2i)a3 T1 0 !7
8 8 8
+a1 a4 0! + a4 T1 0! + 0! + T22 q!
8
2a1 a3 0 q!
8
+ a2 a3 0 q!
8
2a3 T1 0 q!
8

8 8
+a1 a4 1 q! + 0 1 q! ia1 a4 0 !9 ia4 T1 0 !9 i 2
0 ! 9 + a1 a4 0 q!
10
+ a4 T1 0 q!
10

2 5
+ 0 q! 2a1 a3 ! 4 2
+ a2 a3 ! 4 2
2a3 T1 ! 4 2
+ ia1 ! 5 2
+ iT1 ! 5 2
+ i 1!5 2

ia2 a3 !5 2
+ (2i)a3 T1 !5 2
+ a1 a4 ! 6 2
+ a4 T1 ! 6 2
+2 0!
6 2
2a1 a3 q!
6 2

6 2 6 2
2a3 T1 q! + 1 q! ia1 a4 !7 2
ia4 T1 !7 2
(2i) 0 !7 2
+ a1 a4 q!
8 2

8 2
+2 0 q! + !4 4
i !5 4
+ q!
6 4
) + (2i)a1 a3 !5 2
+ a4 T1 q!
8 2
+ a2 a3 q!
6 2
;

1
J = (2a1 a3 T1 ! 6 a2 a3 T1 ! 6 ia1 T1 ! 7 ia1 1 ! 7 (2i)a1 a3 T1 ! 7 + ia2 a3 T1 !7
F
a1 a4 T1 ! 8 a1 0!
8
T1 0!
8
+ 2a1 a3 T1 q!
8
a2 a3 T q!
8
a1 1 q!
8

+ia1 a4 T1 ! 9 + ia1 0 ! 9 + iT1 0 !9 a1 a4 T1 q!

10
a1 0 q!
10
T1 0 q!
10

a1 ! 6 2
T1 ! 6 2
+ ia1 !7 2
+ iT1 !7 2
a1 q!
8 2
T1 q!
8 2
);

1
K= (a1 T1 ! 8 ia1 T1 ! 9 + a1 T1 q!
10
)
F

3.3 Re‡ection and Refraction

SV wave is incident at the interface of micropolar solid and liquid layers making angle with
the z-axis. When re‡ection takes place, we have re‡ected SV, P, thermal and microrotational
waves making an angle , 1, 2, 4 with the z-axis and refracted P, and thermal waves making
0 0
angles 1, 2 in the medium M and medium M 0 respectively.
0 0 0
The angles , 1, 2, 4, 1, 2 and the corresponding wave vectors are 3‚1‚2‚4, 1 0; 2

are related by

0 0 0 0
3 sin = 1 sin 1 = 2 sin 2 = 4 sin 4 = 1 sin 1 = 2 sin 2 : (3.37)

30
At interface z = 0. Eq. (3.28) can be written as

0
sin sin 1 sin 2 sin 4 sin 1 sin 02
= = = = = ; (3.38)
v3 v1 v2 v4 v10 v20

here we have v1 ; v2 , v3 , v4 are the roots for the medium M and v10 , v20 , v30 , v40 are the roots for
the medium M0 :

! ! ! ! ! !
v1 = ; v2 = ; v3 = ; v4 = ; v10 = 0 ; v20 = 0 : (3.39)
1 2 3 4 1 2

The displacement potential q and ; temperature and microrotational in the medium M and
medium M 0 are given as

q = A1 exp fi 1 (x sin 1 z cos 1) i!tg + A2 exp fi 2 (x sin 2 z cos 2) i!tg(3.40)

;

= B exp fi 3 (x sin z cos ) i!tg + B1 exp fi 3 (x sin z cos ) i!tg

+B2 exp fi 4 (x sin 4 z cos 4) i!tg ; (3.41)

T = D1 exp fi 1 (x sin 1 z cos 1) i!tg + D2 exp fi 2 (x sin 2 z cos 2) i!tg(3.42)

;

2 = E1 exp fi 3 (x sin z cos ) i!tg + E2 exp fi 4 (x sin 4 z cos 4) i!tg ; (3.43)

q 0 = A01 exp i 0
1 x sin 0
1 z cos 0
1 i!t + A02 exp i 0
2 x sin 0
2 z cos 0
2 i!t (3.44)
;
0
= 0; (3.45)

T 0 = D10 exp i 0
1 x sin 0
1 z cos 0
1 i!t + D20 exp i 0
2 x sin 0
2 z cos 0
2 i!t(3.46)
;
0
2 = 0: (3.47)

Substituting q and T from Eqs. (3:40) and (3:42) into Eq. (3:28) at interface z = 0, we have

2 2 2
1 ! 1 + q! 1 A1
D1 = 1 A1 = 2 2 2
; (3.48)
1+ 1! ! q!
2 2 2
1 ! 2 + q! 2 A2
D2 = 2 A2 = 2 2 2
: (3.49)
2+ 2! ! q!

31
Making use of Eq. (3:48) and (3:49) and into Eqs. (3:42), we have

T = D1 exp fi 1 (x sin 1 z cos 1) i!tg + D2 exp fi 2 (x sin 2 z cos 2) i!tg : (3.50)

Similarly for M 0

T 0 = D10 exp i 0
1 x sin 0
1 z cos 0
1 i!t + D20 exp 0
2 x sin 0
2 z cos 0
2 i!t : (3.51)

Putting and 2 from Eqs. (3:41) and (3:43) in Eq. (3:29) at surface z = 0, we have

2
a3 3 (B + B1 )
E1 = 3 (B + B1 ) = 2 ; (3.52)
3 2a3 + a4 ! 2
a3 24 B2
E2 = 4 B2 = 2 : (3.53)
4 2a3 + a4 ! 2

Using Eq. (3:52) and (3:49)in Eq. (3:43), we have

2 = E1 exp fi 3 (x sin z cos ) i!tg + E2 exp fi 4 (x sin 4 z cos 4) i!tg : (3.54)

0
The non-dimensional variables for the other medium M are described as below

0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 C0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 h
x0? ; z ? = 0
0 x ;z ; u0? ; w ? = 0 0 u ;w ; t0? ; q ; = 0 t; q; ; h? = 0 ;
C0 1 T0 H0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0? ij 0 T 0 C02 0 0? 0 0 p
ij = 0 0; T = 0; 2 = 0 0 2; = 0 ; mij = 0
0
0 0 mij ; p0 = 0 0
;
1 T0 T0 1 T0 0 C0 1 T0 +2
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 CE C02 0 +2 +k
0 = ; C02 = :
K0 0

Now, we have the basic Eqs. for non-viscous liquid medium after dimensionless form in the
presence of body forces and also under the e¤ect of initial stress. We have the displacement
0
equation and temperature equation for the liquid medium M as follows
!
p
+ + 0 H02 p @e @T + 2 2
0 H0 "0 @2u @w
2
r2 u + + = 2
u+2 ; (3.55)
C 20 C02 2 @x @x @t2 @t

32
 !
p
2 2 + + 0 H02 p @e @T + 2 2
0 H0 "0 @2w 2 @u
2 r w+ + = w +2 ; (3.56)
C0 C02 2 @z @z @t2 @t

@ @ @2 2
1 T0
1+ r2 T = + q T + cE T + T0 1r
2
q : (3.57)
@t @t @t2 0K

The stress strain relation is

ij = p ij + ! ij + 2 eij + e ij 1 T ij (3.58)

where

1
eij = u + ui;j ;
2 j;i
1
! ij = (u ui;j ):
2 j;i

0
The vector and scalar potentials (x; z; t) and q (x; z; t) for the case of lequid medium M can
be written as

u = q;x ; (3.59)

w = q;z : (3.60)

we obtain

2 2 @2q @
0r q 0 2
+ 2q + 2 T = 0; (3.61)
@t @t
@2 @q
a5 r2 0 2
+ 2 +2 = 0; (3.62)
@t @t

@ @ @2 @ @2
1+ r2 T + q T 1 + q r2 q = 0; (3.63)
@t @t @t2 @t @t2

Solving Eqs. (3:61) (3:63) and proceeding exactly in the same way as in medium M , we obtain

h i
2 2 2 2
0 + 0! + q1 2 ! 1 T1 = 0; (3.64)
h i
2 2 2
2 ! q1 + a1 + 0! + a2 12 = 0;
1 (3.65)
h i h i
2 2 2 2
+ ! + ! q! T1 + 1 ! 2 + q ! 2 2 q1 = 0: (3.66)

33
Eqs (3:64) to (3:66) will be simultaneously satis…ed if the determinant of factor matrix vanishes
i:e.

2 2 2
-T1 + 0! + T2 ! 1
2 2 2 =0
T2 ! a5 + 0! + 0
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
- 1 ! + q! 0 + ! + ! q!

it gives,
v 6 + G v 4 + H v 2 + J = 0; (3.67)

!
where velocity is v = .

02 0 0 0 02 0 0 0
02
02 0 0 CA 0 H02 0 0 H0 +2
0 = 1 + RH ; R H = ; 0 =1+ 0
0
0
; CA2 = 0 ; C002 = 0 ; a1 = 0 ;
C002 C002

0
0 p 0 0 0 02 0
2 0 CE C02 0 0 0 T0
1
a5 = 0 0 ; 0 = 0 ; P1 = a1 p ; 21 = 0 0
C02 K K0 0
0 2 0
T1 = 0; T2 = 2 i;

0 1 0 0 0 0 0
G = 02 02 0 02 04 ( T22 ! 4 ia5 0!
5
iT1 0!
5
(iT2 !3 +i 0 !5 + (2i) 0 !3 + i! )
02 6 02 0 6 0 0 0 6 02 0 02 0 0 02 0 02
0 ! T2 q! 0 1 q! +i 0 !7 0 q!
8
ia5 ! 3 iT1 ! 3
0 0 5 0 0 0 02 0 0 02 0 0 02
i 0 1! + iT22 !5 i 1!3 1 q!
4
+ (2i) 0 !5
0 4 02 0 0 6 02 04 0 04 0 04
2 0! 2 0 q! !2 + i !3 q!
4
);

0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
H = 02 02 0 02 04 (ia5 T1 ! 5 + ia5 1 ! 5 + a5 0!
6
(iT2 !3 +i 0 !5 + (2i) 0 !3 + i! )
0 0 0 8 0 0 0 8 4 0 02 0 02 0 0 02 0 0 02
+a5 0 q ! + T1 0 q ! + a5 ! + T1 ! 4 ia5 !5 iT1 !5
0 0 6 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 02 0 0 02
+T1 0! + a5 1 q! ia5 0 !7 iT1 0 ! 7 + a5 q!
6
+ T1 q!
6
);

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 ( a5 T1 ! 6 + ia5 T1 !7 a5 T1 q!
8)
J = 0 02 0 02 04 :
(iT22 ! 3 + i 0 ! 5 + (2i) 0!
3 + i! )

34
3.4 Boundary Conditions

The boundary conditions for SV incident wave and letting at surface z = 0 are as follows
1 The normal displacement is continuity at the surface i.e. w = w0 .

0
q;z + ;x = q;z + ;x : (3.68)

Using Eqs.(3:41); (3:42) and (3:45) (3:46) in Eq. (3:68), we get

A1 1 A2 1 B1 1 B2 1
cos 1 + cos 2 sin sin 4
B v1 B v2 B v3 B v4

A01 1 0 A02 1 0 sin

cos 1 cos 2 = : (3.69)
B v10 B v2 0 v3

2 At the surface, the tangential displacement has to vanish i.e. u = 0 z = 0.

q;x ;z = 0: (3.70)

Substituting Eqs. (3:41) and (3:42) in Eq. (3:70); we have

A1 1 A2 1 B1 1 B2 1 cos
sin 1 + sin 2 + cos + cos 4 = : (3.71)
B v1 B v2 B v3 B v4 v3

3 At surface, normal force per unit area.

0
33 = 33 P1 : (3.72)

This leads
A1 A2 B1 B2 A0 A0
m1 + m2 m4 m5 + m6 1 + m7 2 = m3 : (3.73)
B B B B B B

4 At surface, tangential force per unit primary area.

13 = 13 : (3.74)

It gives
A1 A2 B1 B2 A0 A0
p1 + p2 + p4 + p5 + p6 1 + p7 2 = p3 : (3.75)
B B B B B B

35
 5 At surface, continuity of temperature i.e.

T 0 = T: (3.76)

We get
A1 A2 0 0
0 A1 0 A2
1 + 2 1 2 = 0: (3.77)
B B B B

6 For tangential couple stress components vanishes.

mxy = 0: (3.78)

we have
B1 sin B2 4 sin
+ sin 4 = : (3.79)
B v3 B 3 v4 v3

where

2 2
m1 = ( 1 (cos 1 ) b1 21 (sin 1)
2
1 );

2 2
m2 = ( 2 (cos 2 ) b1 22 (sin 2)
2
2 );

2 2
m3 = ( 3 sin cos b1 3 sin cos );
2 2
m4 = ( 3 sin cos b1 3 sin cos );

36
 2 2
m5 = ( 4 sin 4 cos 4 b1 4 sin 4 cos 4 );

2 2
m6 = ( 1 (cos 1 ) b1 12 (sin 1)
2
1 );

2 2
m7 = ( 2 (cos 2 ) b1 22 (sin 2)
2
2 ):

2 2
p1 = b2 1 (sin 1 cos 1 ) + a1 1 (sin 1 cos 1 ) ;

2 2
p2 = b2 2 (sin 2 cos 2 ) + a1 2 (sin 2 cos 2 ) ;

p3 = b2 23 (cos )2 + a1 23 (sin )2 + a2 3;

p4 = b2 23 (cos )2 + a1 23 (sin )2 + a2 3;

p5 = b2 24 (cos 4)
2
+ a1 24 (sin )2 + a2 4:

2
p6 = 2b3 1 sin 1 cos 1 ;

2
p7 = 2b3 2 sin 2 cos 2 ;

where b1 = C02
, b2 = C02
, b3 = C02
.
Now, we get system of six non homogenous equations,

6
X
bij Zj = yj ; (j = 1; ; 6)
i=1

where

1 1 1 1
b11 = cos 1 ; b12 = cos 2 ; b13 = sin ; b14 = sin 4 ; b15 = cos 01 ;
v1 v2 v4 v10
1 1 1 1
b16 = cos 02 ; b21 = sin 1 ; b22 = sin 2 ; b23 = cos ; b24 = cos 4 ;
v2 0 v1 v2 v4
b25 = 0; b26 = 0; b31 = m1 ; b32 = m2 ; b33 = m4 ; b34 = m5 ; b35 = m6 ; b36 = m7 ;

b41 = p1 ; b42 = p2 ; b43 = p4 ; b44 = p5 ; b45 = p6 ; b46 = p7 ; b51 = 1 ; b52 = 2 ; b53 = 0;

sin
b55 = 0
1 ; b56 =
0
2 ; b61 = 0; b62 = 0; b63 = ; b64 = 4 sin 4 ; b65 = b66 = 0:
v3 3 v4

here Zj (j = 1; 2; ::::; 6) are the ratios of amplitude of re‡ected SV, T, P, and 2 and and
transmitted P and T waves.and

sin cos sin

y1 = ; y2 = ; ; y3 = m3 ; y4 = p3 ; y5 = 0; y6 = :
v3 v3 v3

37
 A1 A2 B1 B2 A0 A0
Z1 = ; Z2 = ; Z3 = ; Z4 ; = ; Z5 = 1 ; Z6 = 2 :
B B B B B B

B is the amplitude of incident SV wavs, where as A1 , A2 , B1 , B2 are the amplitudes of the

re‡ected P wave, the thermal wave, the SV wave and the microrotational wave respectively and
A01 , A02 are amplitudes of refracted P-wave and the thermal wave. The ratios of the amplitude
0 0
A1 A2 B1 B2 A1 A2
of the re‡ected waves and the amplitude of the incident wave is B ; B ; B ; B ; B ; B give
the corresponding re‡ection and refraction co-e¢ cient.

3.5 Numerical Results and Discussion

We used data for micropolar solid and for liquid (water) for numerical study following Ref. [5]
and [13] :
For medium M

9
T0 = 0:779 10 N; = 9:4 1010 N m 2
; ce = 1:04 103 kgm 3
;
15
j = 0:2 10 m2 ; = 0:779 10 9
N; = 1:74 103 kg m3 ;

= 4:0 1010 N m 2
; K = 1:0 1010 N m 2
; t = 7:0433 10 7
K 1
:

For medium M

10 3 1 1
= 0:779 10 ; T0 = 300K; = 1000Kbm ; ce = 4187JKg K ;
1 1
K = 0:6W m K ; = = 20:4 109 N m 2
; t = 7:099 10 9
K 1
:

Taking

q = q = 0:9; = = 0:8:

The amplitude ratios are found to depend upon the angle of incident of SV wave. Amplitude
ratios may recuperate poorly restricted mechanisms. Fig. 3:2 gives the e¤ects of amplitude ratio
with the incident angle for the SV wave under the Dual Phase Lag theory and we observed the
variation of magnetic …eld. The amplitude ratios jZ1 j jZ2 j, jZ3 j and jZ6 j showing the increasing
behavior by increasing the value of magnetic …eld. It is seen that the amplitude ratios jZ4 j and
jZ5 j exhibits the decreasing behavior by raising the value of H0 . It is because of the strength

38
of magnetic …eld increases due to the increase in the solid deformation. So, that the amplitude
ratios of re‡ected waves increases. While the magnetic …eld has the direct relation with the
temperature so that the amplitude ratio of the thermal wave increases. The magnetic …eld acts
0
as a resistive force and the magnetic …eld declines in the water that s way the apmlitude ratios
of the P wave decreases in the liquid medium.
Fig. 3:3 have been displayed to explain the e¤ect on the amplitude ratios for the variation
of the electric …eld under the in‡uence of DPL theory. The amplitude ratios jZ1 j; jZ2 j; jZ3 j
and jZ6 j showing the increasing behavior by scaling up the value of "0 . Whereas jZ4 j and jZ5 j
represents the decreasing behavior by raising the value of electric …eld and jZ4 j = jZ5 j = 0 at
= 90 .As, the behavior of the electric …eld is similar as the magnetic …eld.
Fig. 3:4 is drawn to investigate the e¤ect of the angular velocity on the amplitude ratios
under the in‡uence of DPL theory. for the incident SV wave with the angle of incidence. By
increasing the value of angular velocity the amplitude ratios jZ1 j; jZ2 j; jZ3 j and jZ6 j showing
the decreasing behavior and jZ3 j = 1 at = 90 . While the amplitude ratios jZ4 j and jZ5 j
represents the increment due to boost the value of : and moves towards zero when = 90 .
The presence of initial stress results in a very small deviation in re‡ected wave towards
surface. The e¤ect of initial stress on the re‡ection and refraction coe¢ cient of the re‡ected
and refracted waves are quite clear and signi…cant. Fig. 3:5 depicts the e¤ect of initial stress on
amplitude ratios under the in‡uence of DPL theory. For the incident SV waves the amplitude
ratios jZ1 j; jZ2 j and jZ3 j illustrates the decreasing behavior by raising the value of initial stress.
Whereas jZ4 j and jZ5 j increased by increasing the value of P . The amplitude ratio jZ6 j shows
decrement before = 19 by increasing initial stress and after = 19 it starts increasing and
moves towards zero at = 90 .

3.6 Conclusion

In the present study, we observe the e¤ect of initial stress, angular velocity, and magnetic …eld
on the re‡ection and refraction of SV wave in the context of DPL theory at micropolar solid
and liquid layers. The amplitude ratio of re‡ected SV wave starts from its minimum value and
move towards unity. The amplitude ratio of re‡ected P wave is more prevalent. The refracted

39
P and T waves show small change in amplitude ratio.

Fig. 3.2: The in‡uence of magnetic …eld on the amplitude ratios jZi j (i = 1; 2; ::::6) with
the incident angle of SV wave.

Fig. 3.3: The in‡uence of electric …eld on the amplitude ratios jZi j (i = 1; 2; ::::6) with the
incident angle of SV wave.

Fig. 3.4: The in‡uence of angular velocity on the amplitude ratios jZi j (i = 1; 2; ::::6) with
the incident angle of SV wave.

40
Fig. 3.5: The in‡uence of initial stress on the amplitude ratios jZi j (i = 1; 2; ::::6) with the
incident angle of SV wave.

41
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44