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Thandaveswara
criteria as shown in table below. (Ref. unsteady flow in open channels edited by
Criteria Classification
Long waves
capillary wave
gl
Gravity C 2 =
2π
(2) Controlling
force
(
gL 2πσ
)
2πy
C2 = ___ + ____ tanh ____ (for shallow water waves)
2π ρL ρL
Capillary wave
(
gL 2πσ
C2 = ___ + ____
2π ρL ) (for deep wave)
3a
η = 2a S ec h 2 ( x − ct )
Simple solitary 2 y3
(Single form of gravity wave )
Undisturbed water flow
a
η
(3) Frequency of
occurrence
Mutiple
Wave train
cg
Wave Groups
Downstream
Relative to channel bed slope
Upstream
Vw Vw Vw
y V2 V2 y V2 y V2 y
2 V1 y1 y1 V1 2 y1 V1 2 y V1 2
1
Vw = c + V1 Vw = c - V1 Vw = c + V1 Vw = c - V1
(4) Direction of
movement
V - Vw+V2 Vw - V2 +V
y w V2 Vw - V1 V +V y Vw - V1 y y Vw 2 Vw+V1
2 y1 y w 1 2 y1 2 2 y1
1
Downstream
Relative to underlying flow
Upstream
(5) Wave
surface
elevation
Positive(higher) uniformly
progressive wave (sluice gate)
Relative to level of underlying flow Surge
Negative(lower) Type C (Sluice gate)
and D is operated Demand Surge
Positive-negative (when Sluice is operated these these appear in pairs)
FLOOD
WAVE
Q
Time
η a
(7) Periodic or
oscillatory wave
A Periodic y
(8) Translatory
Orbital
(9) Transverse
wave
Longitudinal
wave
L
Mean water level
(10) Deep water
wave
Stokesian wave
Cnoidal wave y
Shallow water y'
wave
(11) Mechanical
Oscillation Finite amplitude due to initial disturbance
(pulsating flows) Mechanical oscillation
Kinematic wave Surface instability
Eg: Roll wave (progressive wave train)
Diffusive wave Steep slopes F > 2.0
Dynamic wave
(12)Rapidly
varying Progressing Surges, bores, depression
unsteady flow
Gradually Floods in reservoirs and in channels / rivers
varying
unsteady flow