Answered by Expert Tutors 

Do you think a robot with the strong AI is only a material reality or it is material as well as a non-
material reality? Justify your answer

It is only of a material type since it is important to note that it should be general intelligence and not specific
intelligence since the intelligence of human beings is of a general type. Exhibiting specific intelligence is quite
another matter. For example, programs that play chess at the Grandmaster level are incapable of playing
checkers even though it is a much simpler game. You need to design and run a different, independent program
than the one that allows you to play chess so that the same computer can play checkers as well. In other
words, you cannot use your ability to play chess to adapt it to checkers. In the case of human beings, this is not
the case, since any chess player can take advantage of his or her knowledge of this game to play checkers
perfectly in a matter of a few minutes. The design and realization of artificial intelligence that only shows
intelligent behavior in a very specific area is related to what is known as weak AI as opposed to strong AI
which, in fact, Newell and Simon and other founding fathers of AI referred to. Although strictly speaking the
SSF hypothesis was formulated in 1975, it was already implicit in the ideas of the AI pioneers in the 1950s and
even in the ideas of Alan Turing in his pioneering writings (Turing, 1948, 1950) on intelligent machines.

It is possible to develop biological weapons in the laboratory. These weapons can target people
carrying certain genes and mutate more rapidly in response to medicines.

If possible, because biological weapons are viruses, bacteria or other germs that are normally found in nature
but have sometimes been modified in the laboratory to increase their ability to spread, to resist medical
treatment or to be more harmful," according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), an
agency at the global forefront of epidemic control and public health.

Experts believe that biological weapons are easy to develop, that they are more lethal and cheaper than
chemical weapons and more difficult to detect than nuclear weapons. In addition, they can be dispersed
through the air, water, food or among people. They can be difficult to detect, and cause disease after widely
varying incubation times.
Step-by-step explanation
In such a scenario, will you choose to get genetically edited using CRISPR to protect yourself, or you
will choose to accept this onslaught? Explain your decision.

I would use this technology to protect myself and edit my dna, since CRISPR allows manipulating the genome
in ways barely imaginable before: correcting genetic mutations, removing pathogenic DNA sequences,
inserting therapeutic genes, turning genes on or off, and more. Unlike the technologies that preceded it,
CRISPR has democratized genomic engineering because it is easy to use and inexpensive. And CRISPR
works on an impressive number of different cell types and organisms - ranging from corn to mice to monkeys -
making it a broadly applicable set of scientific tools to address a wide range of biological challenges.

Everyone knows what bacteria are, those pesky micro-organisms that can make us sick - think of
streptococcus, which causes throat infection and pneumonia, or salmonellosis caused by food poisoning - but
they are also indispensable to normal human functioning (we depend on a vast army of bacteria that together
make up our microbiome and help break down food, produce vitamins and perform many other essential
functions). Few outside the scientific community, however, are surely aware of the ubiquity of bacterial viruses,
also known as "bacteriophages" (bacteria eaters). In fact, bacteriophages are by far the most abundant life
form on our planet: with an estimated population of ten million trillion trillion, they outnumber bacteria by 10 to
1. There are approximately one trillion bacterial viruses for every grain of sand in the world and ten million
viruses in every drop of seawater (Keen, 2015)!

Bacterial viruses evolved to infect bacteria and they are very good at it. They have three-dimensional structures
exquisitely prepared to attach to the outer surface of bacterial cells and, once attached to them, inject their
genetic material into the host bacteria using pressure similar to that of an uncorked champagne bottle. Once
the viral genome makes its way into the bacterium, it hijacks its host's machinery to replicate its genetic code
and build more viruses, destroying the cell in the process. Between 20% and 40% of ocean bacteria are killed
every day by these viral infections, significantly altering the marine system by causing carbon and other
nutrients to be released into the environment.